Lesson video

Hello everyone and welcome to lesson four in our unit about our news report.

In today's lesson, we're going to be focusing on grammar.

And in particular, past tense verbs using the suffix -ed.

There are quite a few different rules that we have to remember.

So, we're going to go through them step by step.

We're going to practise adding the suffix to different types of verbs.

And then we're going to practise using them in relation to our new story.

I'm feeling excited today, because it is almost my birthday.

And you know, when you get this warm, excited feeling, when you know, you're going to spend some time with your family and friends and you're going to eat some birthday cake.

What time of the year is your birthday in? My birthday is in the summer.

In today's lesson, you're going to need something to write on and something to write with.

You're really going to need your brain, as we figure out how to change these tricky verbs into the past tense.

I think, you've already got that in your head.

If you do not have a piece of paper or pen or pencil, then pause the video here.

Go and get it and then come back, when you're ready to go and press play.

In today's lesson, we're going to start off with an oral warm up game, called past, present or future.

This is going to link in to our lesson and our learning today.

I'm then going to tell you what the different rules are for past tense verbs and we're going to practise applying them.

Then we'll have a small writing task, which is linking our past tense verbs to our story.

And finally, we'll do a challenge task.

Okay, so we're going to play our warm up game now, and it's called past, present or future.

I'm going to be showing you three sentences and each of them is either past, present of future.

It's going to be your job to decide which one is which.

I'm going to read you the sentences, then I'm going to give you a chance to pause and decide.

And then when you press play, we'll have a look at the answers together.

I'll start to see, if we notice any patterns, specifically, about the past tense sentences and the verbs within them.

So, the first sentence says, I am walking to the shops.

The second one says, I walked to the shops.

And finally, I am walking to the shops tomorrow.

I'd like you to pause here and decide which sentence is past, which is present and which is future.

And then press play, when you think you figured it out.

Fantastic, let's have a look and see, if you got that correct.

Okay, so, the first one was present, I am walking, right now.

The next one was past, I walked to the shops.

There is something on the end of the verb there that gives us a clue about it being past tense.

And the final one says, I am walking to the shops tomorrow.

Even though the first bit is the same as the present tense sentence, but it says tomorrow at then end, tells us the time that it's going to happen is in the future.

Let's try the next one together.

Hades is going to pick up the harp.

Hades picks up the harp.

Hades picked up the harp.

Pause here, decide which one is which and then press play, when you think you figured out which one is past, present and future.

Well done! Okay, so, the first one.

Hades is going to pick up the harp.

The words going to, tell us that it hasn't happened yet, so it's in the future.

Hades picks up the harp is present.

And then, Hades picked up the harp is past.

It already happened.

Well done, if you got that correct.

Okay, last one.

Apollo enjoyed the music.

Apollo enjoys the music.

Apollo will enjoy the music.

Pause here, which one is past, present or future? Fantastic, let's have a look together.

Well done, if you got that correct.

So, Apollo enjoyed the music is past tense.

He enjoyed it before, it has already happened.

Apollo enjoys the music is present.

He is enjoying it right now.

And then, Apollo will enjoy the music is future.

That will tells us, that it's going to happen at some point in the future.

Okay, so, we're going to focus in on the past tense today.

So, I've taken those three past tense sentences, that we've found and I've highlighted the verb within them.

Now, the verb within them tells us what the subject or the person or the object is doing in that sentence.

So, the first one is I, it's first person.

What I did is walked to the shops.

The second one, Hades is the subject.

And he picked up the harp.

And Apollo enjoyed the music.

So, it tells us what the subject in the sentence is doing.

And in this case it tells us, that what they were doing already happened and was in the past.

What do you notice about the past tense verbs in these sentences? There is something that they all have in common.

That's right, they all have the suffix -ed on the end.

You might remember, that a suffix is a group of letters or a single letter that you add to the end of a root word.

In this case, we're adding -ed to these root words to change them into the past tense.

Let's have a go at adding these.

I have done the first one for you.

Walk, if I add -ed, becomes walked.

Can you have a go now? Pause the video and change pick and enjoy into the past tense by adding the suffix -ed.

Well done! Hopefully, they should have looked like this.

Pick becomes picked and enjoy becomes enjoyed.

Okay, I've got some new verbs to try this out with now.

Change these verbs to the past tense by adding the suffix -ed.

Pause here and then press play when you've added -ed to ask, cook and show.

Finished? Well done, you're getting the hang of this.

Now, sadly, I've to make things a little bit more complicated.

Because not all verbs follow that rule very easily.

Sometimes we might have to change something about the word, before we add -ed, or we might not add the full -ed.

I'm going to explain it in a few steps.

This first rule says, when a verb ends in a consonant.

A consonant is any letter, that is not a, e, i, o, u.

Okay, so it's not a vowel.

So, all the rest of the letters in the alphabet.

So, when a verb ends in a consonant and then a y, you have to change the y to an I, then add -ed.

That sounds quite complicated, doesn't it? But it's not that difficult.

If you have a look at my first example, I can see the word cry ends in y and before it is a consonant.

That letter is not a, e, i, o or u.

A bit of a tongue twister.

So, what I do is I change the y to an i and then I add -ed.

Just like I did with the others, okay? I would like you to practise changing that y to an i and adding -ed with carry and copy.

Pause here and press play, when you've done it.

Did you manage to get it? That y changes to an i and I add -ed.

Carry becomes carried and copy becomes copied.

We've got it so far, let's have a look at the next rule.

Okay, when a verb ends in e already, we just ad -d.

So, that's a nice, simple rule.

There are lots of verbs that we have to have that e at the end.

Instead of having -eed, we just add the -d instead.

So, bake already has an e, we just add the -d on the end and it becomes baked.

Pause here and have a go at adding the -d to the other two verbs there, dance and smile.

And then press play, when you've done it.

You are past tense verb superstars! Let's have a look.

That's it, dance becomes danced and smile becomes smiled.

Give yourself a pat on the back, if you managed to get those correct, too.

Now, this one is a little bit complicated.

We're thinking about syllables.

You'll probably have heard about a syllable before.

But a syllable is basically just the parts of a word.

Some longer words are made out of more than one syllable.

And then others are just made of one.

For example, plan is just made of one syllable.

Whereas, mushroom is made of of two syllables.

It has two parts, and sometimes we can describe that as we can clap to the beat of the word.

Now, for this rule we're thinking about words that just have that one part to them, one syllable.

And they also end on a consonant.

We already talked about a consonant being any letter, that is not a, e, i, o or u.

Additionally, they need to have one of those vowels, that I just said, before the consonant.

So, the two last letters of the word are going to be a vowel, a, e, i, o or u, and then a consonant, okay? If we get a word like that, one syllable, vowel, then consonant, then we know, we've to double that consonant at the end, before we add -ed.

Now, don't worry about remembering this rule in detail.

By reading and practising and seeing these words around, you'll just learn how to spell them.

But it can be useful to know what the rule is and why we're doing it.

So, the first example I had was plan.

It's one syllable, it has an a, which is a vowel, and then an n, which is a consonant.

That means, before I add -ed, I'm going to double that n.

So, plan becomes planned, with two n's in the middle.

I'd like you to practise doubling the consonant at the end of the other two verbs there and then adding -ed.

Pause and then press play, when you've done that.

Well done, that was a tricky rule.

And I think you managed really well.

Stop becomes stopped with a double p and grab becomes grabbed with a double b.

Okay, we've practised all of our rules now.

So, there are some verbs that we can just add -ed straight away.

If the word ends in a consonant and then a y, we know, we've to change the y to an i and then add -ed.

If the word already ends in e, we just add the -d on the end.

And finally, that tricky one.

If it had one syllable, a vowel and then a consonant at the end, we had to double that consonant and then add -ed.

Remember, if you're looking at how to do these words and you get a bit stuck, you can go back and have a look too.

I've also put these verbs in their past tense version on the next slide, so if you're struggling before you write you sentences, you might want to carry on watching for just a few more seconds and you can have a look to help you.

So, for our writing task it says, turn the verbs below into the past tense and then use them in a sentence that could be part of our news report.

So, I took the verb decide.

I changed it to the past tense, which is decided.

It already has an e on the end, so I just added the -d.

Zeus decided to go and speak to Hades and get the harp back.

Okay, we're linking it to our creative story and our news report.

You can have a go at doing that for all of the blue words.

Change them to the past tense and put them in a sentence.

I'm now going to show you these verbs in the past tense.

So, if you want to challenge yourself, pause here and do the task and then press play.

If you're not feeling quite sure about what those verbs would be, you can carry on watching and then write your sentence using the verbs on the next slide.

Okay, I'm going to show you these verbs in the past tense to help you out a little bit, if you're finding putting them into the past tense a little bit tricky.

Here they are.

Danced, asked, hoped, missed, cried and stopped.

Now, if you haven't written your sentences yet, you can pause, write your sentence for each of these words and then press play, when you're ready to continue.

We've had lots of different rules today.

And it's tricky to apply them all at once.

I'm really proud of you for giving it a go.

For our challenge task today, I'd like you to create your own part, present and future sentences about the events below.

So, this is just like we were doing in the warm up.

Well, I want you to take this event and put it in the past, present and future.

This is a little bit tricky, but I'll be really impressed, if you can do it.

So, the harp played music.

Okay, it's already in the past.

Can you put it in present and future? Hades shared the harp.

It's in the past, can you put it in the present and future? Pause here and then press play when you've had your go.

Well done for taking on the challenge today.

I've been super impressed by your concentration on our verb work today.

Even though it's been a little bit tricky, it's going to be so useful, when we're writing our news report.

To really understand how we can move between the present and the past and the future tense.

If you'd like to share some of your verb work with me today, ask a parental carer to share it on Facebook, Instagram or Twitter tagging @OakNational and using #LearnwithOak.