Hi, my name's Mr. Brown.

Welcome to this design and technology lesson.

Within this unit on micro:bits and using data loggers and creating data loggers, we're actually going to be having a look today at Ada Lovelace and thinking about her life and her impact upon modern technology and how the relationship with what she did with regards to the micro:bit.

Okay, so without further ado, we'll get on and we'll have a short look at the lesson outline and the learning cycles.

So today's learning outcome is to describe Ada Lovelace's life and her contributions to modern day computing.

The keywords for today are, first word is programming, and that's the process of designing and building a programme.

Algorithm.

That's a set of instructions a machine follows.

Analytical engine.

This is an early but unfinished computer.

We'll be talking about this much later on.

And STEM, STEM is an acronym that stands for Science, technology, engineering and Maths.

Today we've got two learning cycles, and the first learning cycle is Ada Lovelace biography.

So a biography about Ada Lovelace.

And the second is Ada Lovelace's impact on modern technology.

We'll of course start today with Ada Lovelace and a biography about her life.

Ada Lovelace was a mathematician who was best known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical computer, which was called the analytical engine.

That was one of the key words that we were talking about earlier I said we'd introduce.

Now, he started making the analytical engine, but what actually, what impact she had on this we're going to be finding out.

Now, she recognised that machines like the analytical engine could be programmed to perform different tasks, and this therefore makes her one of the first computer programmers in history.

Now, her childhood, she was born in, on December the 10th, 1815 in London.

And her actual name, her full name was Augusta Ada Byron.

And she was the daughter of the famous poet Lord Byron.

And her mother was Anna Isabella Milbanke, which we're going to be talking about her life as well in a moment.

Now, her father left the family when Ada was just a month old, and she was actually raised by her mother, Anna.

Education wise? Well, her mother was a mathematician and encouraged Ada's interest in mathematics.

But Ada didn't go to school or even university, but she was taught at home by a number of experts that her mother brought in to teach her about science and mathematics.

Her skill in computing, skill in maths and science, now that laid the foundations for future work in computing.

So all of the work that she did as a child, growing into an adult and then through our adulthood, all of this work actually helps nail the basis of computing.

Check for understanding Now about Ada Lovelace.

Ada Lovelace's mother Anna Bella Milbanke was a? Was she a scientist, a mathematician, or an engineer, which do you think? That's correct.

Well done.

She was a mathematician.

Now, Ada Lovelace, as she grew up, she actually married someone called William King, now that was in 1835 that she got married.

Three years later, William became the Earl of Lovelace, and that is why Ada then became the Countess of Lovelace.

And that's where we talk about her name as being Ada Lovelace.

They had three children together.

They had one born in 1836, 1837, and 1839.

Now, going back to the work with Charles Babbage and Ada's work, we'll go into a little bit more detail now about what she actually did and and where it went.

So in 1833, so this is around about the same sort of time just before she was getting married, that Ada Lovelace met Charles Babbage.

Now, Charles Babbage was an inventor and he'd designed an early mechanical computer.

Remember we are calling that, oh, he called that, sorry, an analytical engine.

He'd actually done some other designs in the past beforehand.

But this is the one where the first type of computer, now it was designed, the reason that they wanted to design this to solve mathematical calculations quicker than human beings.

Now, we talk about how this actually works, was the mechanics of it, but then also it needed a programme.

It needed to be programmed to actually do something.

Now in 1841, so quite a few years later, Ada Lovelace was asked to translate some work on the analytical engine.

Charles Babbage had been working with engineers in different countries to actually produce the machine.

And they, you got a picture there of the analytical engine and she, he needed someone to translate his notes into other languages and engineer's notes into English.

So she was doing this, but at the same time, she added pages of her own detailed notes.

She wrote about how the analytical engine could be used and created a whole different, a whole ream of instructions to calculate number sequences.

Now, these number sequences, these instructions, these instructions to a machine are what we actually now call a programme, a computer programme.

And she was programming the analytical engine to actually do some complicated mathematical calculations.

So another check for understanding here.

Who did Ada Lovelace work with on the analytical engine? Was it A, Alan Turing? B, Charles Babbage, or C, Steve Jobs? Which do you think is the correct answer, A, B, or C? That's correct.

It's Charles Babbage.

Charles Babbage and her met, and then after a few years, she worked with Charles Babbage to actually develop some instructions when she was actually doing some translation of his work.

So what happened next? Well, in 1843, the notes that Ada Lovelace had made alongside the translations, and she added some additional notes were actually published with the translation.

And the instructions that she wrote we'd now today call an algorithm.

The analytical engine was never actually finished.

And unfortunately in 1852, Ada Lovelace died of cancer and she was, she was very young to have died even in Victorian times.

But her work and her legacy continued and she is now recognised as the first person to create an algorithm for a machine.

Remember, an algorithm is a list of instructions for a machine, and she's credited as being the first person to create such an algorithm for a machine.

Another check for understanding, what is an algorithm? Is it A, a game played on a computer? B, a set of instructions and a programme? Or C, a type of hardware, like computers? Which do you think is correct? A, B, or C? That's correct.

Well done.

It's a set of instructions in a programme.

Right, we're just gonna go through the, we've gone through quite a lot of the different events in Ada Lovelace's biography within her her time.

So let's just recap, and go through those dates one by one.

So she was born in 1815.

She met Charles Babbage in 1833.

She then married William King in 1835.

She worked on the analytical engine in 1841.

The first computer programme that she created was published in 1843.

And sadly in 1852, she died.

So your your task now is, so for task A is to discuss whether you think Lucas is right.

So Lucas has said, "I think it must have been a difficult life for Ada Lovelace." So your task now is to discuss whether you think Lucas is right.

Are there parts that are right, or are there parts where you disagree? So what we'd like you to do is to consider all the different times of Ada Lovelace's biography.

So was her childhood easy or difficult? Was her education difficult or easy? Married life, working life? What we'd like you to do is to go through and think about those four different aspects of her life and think about whether it was difficult or challenging for Ada Lovelace and why, if you can.

Right, I'm gonna leave you to get on with that and we'll come back and we'll do a feedback slide with some examples of what people might have said about what Lucas has said.

Okay, go and have a good discussion and I'll see you in a minute.

Welcome back.

Hope you've had some really good, rich discussions about Ada life, Ada Lovelace's biography and her life, and I'm sure you've come up with some interesting points.

So Aisha thought about what Lucas had said, and she came up with these statements.

So she said that "Ada Lovelace's life wasn't always easy.

She didn't know her father as he left when she was a baby, but although Ada didn't go to school or university, she did get an education with her mother's guidance and she loved maths.

Now, she worked with Charles Babbage on his early computer ideas, but it would've been hard for her at the time because many people didn't think at that time that women should do maths or science.

Ada, however, did grow up in a really nice house.

She did become Countess of Lovelace, had a big house and three children, but then of course she did die very young," so very mixed life there.

So some positives, but also some really tough moments for her in her lifetime.

Right, I'm sure you came up with some really good ideas yourself.

We are going to now move on to learning cycle two.

Learning cycle two, Ada Lovelace's impact on modern technology.

Now, Ada as a programming language was actually published, so a hundred years after her death, her notes on the an analytical engine were published again.

And then 20 years later when computing technology was really moving forwards, the language of programming, one language of programming was named Ada to recognise the impact of her work on modern technology and modern programming.

You might have heard of Ada programming language and now you can see where that has actually come from.

Okay, check for understanding.

Lovelace, why is Ada Lovelace's work significant today? Is it A, she invented the first computer.

B, she's developed the concept of programming.

C, she created the worldwide web, or D, she built the first smartphone? Which do you think it's going to be, A, B, C, or D? That's right.

She developed the concept of programming and she's credited as being the first person to create an algorithm for a programme.

Now, Ada Lovelace also inspired others.

Now, when she was alive, many people, as we mentioned in learning cycle one, many people thought women shouldn't do subjects like science or maths at the time.

Now she proved this is not true and that her work inspires many people today to be successful in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, STEM.

Remember we've talked about that as being one of our key words.

So much so that actually in 2009, Ada Lovelace Day was launched.

Now this takes place every year on the second Tuesday of October.

And it's a math, it's a time when we reflect upon Ada Lovelace's story and how it's inspired many women and girls to explore science, technology, engineering, and math subjects and careers as well.

And on Ada Lovelace Day, Ada and many other women's achievements in STEM are celebrated.

And perhaps if you are watching this video or doing this lesson on the, or around the second Tuesday of October, perhaps you can start thinking about all the different types of achievements that women have created within STEM.

And it'd be a really good opportunity to find out about all the different types of careers and subjects and exciting things that you can actually do within STEM.

Let's do a check for understanding.

So what does STEM stand for? Is it A, science, technology, engineering, maths? Is it B, school, technology, engineering, maths? Or is it C, science, technology, environment, maths? Which do you think it is? A, B, or C? That's right, it's A, science, technology, engineering, and maths.

So programming and micro:bit.

Let's go back to thinking about micro:bits.

So Ada Lovelace, her understanding of algorithms and programming are used in everything from smartphones to video games and artificial intelligence.

Now we can make programmes in Tinkercad to instruct a micro:bit what to do.

Now, these programmes have algorithms which build upon the work that Ada Lovelace started.

So you can see the reason why we look at Ada Lovelace's work and we celebrate what she was able to accomplish because her work paved the way for all the algorithms and programming that we can do ourselves using microcomputers, such as the micro:bit.

Right, We're on to task B.

Now, task B1, we'd like you to sketch your own engine that need simple instructions.

Now, given some examples here, we've got tying shoe laces, packing a bag for school, making a drink of squash.

Just imagine making an engine or a machine that would do something for you.

So whether it be something simple and it needs to be something simple, such as tying shoe laces, packing a bag, or making a drink.

And then we'd like you to write instructions on how your engine works.

So the first thing is sketch your engine, sketch your machine, see what it's going to be looking like.

Think about all the different parts and what each section might actually do.

And then write instructions on how your engine works.

Now you could write them as coding blocks like we have in the micro:bit code editor, and I've put some examples there for you that you might just have three instructions.

You might have four, five six, might be even many more.

It's entirely up to you.

Now Lucas has come up with an idea that his engines are actually gonna make a jam sandwich for him.

So what are the instructions that he's going to have? He's gonna draw and sketch his engine, and then he is gonna come up with the ideas of the simple instructions.

Now, first step, really think about what your engine's gonna do.

And if you can't think of anything, here's the ideas that I've provided there.

Or you could always use Lucas's idea too.

And once you've sketched it, then write down some instructions on how it works.

So step by step instructions and they need to be ideally in order so that they will all work properly.

Okay, I'm gonna leave you to it now.

Off you go.

Think about your engines, think about your instructions.

Have a lot of fun doing this.

Off you go.

Welcome back.

Now Lucas thought about his engine.

Remember he's going to be doing the jam sandwich and the instructions that it would need.

So his engine is called the Jam Sandwich Engine.

Hopefully you've come up with a really cool name for yours as well.

And here are the instructions that he created.

So his machine is gonna get two slices of bread.

It's gonna butter one side of each slice.

It's gonna add jam onto one slice.

It's gonna put the two pieces of bread together and it's gonna cut the sandwich in half, ready to eat.

What we could do is actually really we, if we wanted to, we could actually make this sandwich and see if these instructions work.

And perhaps you could do the same.

Tying shoe laces, for example, you could actually do the instructions for very easily, but do be very careful with the instructions and try to make them as clear as possible.

I'm sure if we look very, very carefully with Lucas's ones, I'm sure we could still improve them, but there's a really good overview of the instructions needed for his engine to make a jam sandwich.

Alright, I hope you had a lot of fun doing that and you came up with lots of different ideas, some wonderful sketches, and some really good instructions.

Remember, these instructions or algorithms as part of a programme is exactly the same sort of thing on a more simple basis that Ada Lovelace would've done when she was creating all of the different algorithms for the analytical machine.

So you've made your own machine and you've made your own instructions or algorithms just like Ada Lovelace would've done with the analytical engine, except she wasn't making a jam sandwich.

Okay, summary now.

An algorithm is a set of instructions from a machine.

Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm intended for a machine.

Ada Lovelace is recognised as the first computer programmer.

Ada Lovelace's work laid the foundation for modern computing, including programming on a micro:bit and Ada Lovelace is celebrated today as an inspiration to those working in science, technology, engineering, and maths.

That's STEM.

Great.

Thank you very much for being with me today.

I hope you've learned a lot about Ada Lovelace.

I'm sure you've enjoyed doing Making Your Own Machine and all the different instructions that came with it.

And if you're watching this on Ada Lovelace Day on the second Tuesday of October, hope you've had a really good, interesting time learning about her and other inspiring women within STEM.

I'll see you next time, but in the meantime, have a great day.