Hi everyone, I'm Mrs. Courts, and I'm very pleased to join you for today's lesson on adding wheels to a vehicle.

This is part of the Wheels and Axles vehicles unit.

Our lesson outcome for today is, I can explore and test wheels, axles, and axle holders, and choose the right one for my vehicle.

We have four new keywords for today's lesson, and I will say them first and then you repeat them after me.

Are you ready? Super.

Parallel.

Parallel.

Parallel means two lines or surfaces that are always the same distance apart and never meet.

Choose.

Choose.

Choose means to make a decision.

Axle.

Axle.

Super, an axle is a rod that holds a wheel in place and allows its to turn.

Axle holder.

Axle holder.

Super, the axle holder is the part where the wheel goes through to hold it in place, but still allows the wheel to rotate.

Well done.

In our lesson today, we have two learning cycles, and our first part of our lesson, our first learning cycle is choosing and building axles and axle holders.

Are you ready? Super.

This is a pair of wheels and an axle.

A pair means two.

So this is a pair of wheels and an axle.

Can you see the wheel? And can you see the axle? Brilliant.

Wheels are round so that they can roll smoothly.

They are held together by an axle.

This is the chassis of the vehicle, and the chassis is the bottom of the vehicle, and the axles run under the chassis and are held in place by axle holders.

Do you remember those keywords? Axles? Axle holders? As you can see in the picture, the axle holders hold the axle in place on the chassis.

When you add axles to the underneath of the vehicle, to the chassis, remember.

Oh, Izzy says, "The axles must be lined up so they are parallel with each other." Parallel.

Do you remember that word from our keywords? Brilliant.

Can you say the word parallel? Parallel.

Super.

Well done, Izzy, the axles must line up so they are parallel with each other.

These axles are parallel to each other.

The vehicle will run in a straight line.

Parallel lines are always the same distance apart and never meet.

If you look at those two axles, they are parallel.

It is also important that the axle holders are parallel on the same axle.

These axle holders are parallel to each other on the same axle.

Can you see them? Brilliant.

So remember, parallel lines are always the same distance apart and never meet.

If the axle holders are not parallel, the vehicle will not travel in a straight line and will not work properly.

Can you see the diagram where the axles and the axle holders are not parallel? Izzy says, "This vehicle does not roll properly because the axles are not parallel." Well done, Izzy.

Jacob says, "I have added my axles.

It doesn't look right.

What is wrong with it?" Oh, I wonder, Jacob, let's see if we can spot what the problem might be.

Hmm, what do you think the problem might be? That's right, vehicles usually have the axles the same length, otherwise the vehicle will not look right, unless obviously, that is the chosen design.

We are ready for our first check for understanding.

Are you sitting comfortably? Brilliant.

Which word means the same distance apart and never meet? Is it A, print, B, parallel, or C, pointed? Which word means the same distance apart and never meet? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So which word means the same distance apart and never meet? You're right, parallel, well done.

So these axles are the same distance apart along the whole length.

Well done.

We need to try to find out different ways.

And designers try different ideas so they can choose the one that works best.

Izzy says, "Let's have a look at the axle holders first.

This will help us to understand how to join them to our vehicles." That is a very good point, Izzy.

So let's start off with looking at the axle holders.

Are you ready? Brilliant.

An axle holder keeps the axle in place on the chassis.

The axle goes through the holder but still needs to turn.

Axle holders can be made from wooden pegs, cardboard triangles, or straws.

To join axle holders to the vehicle, you might use one of these joining methods.

Some simple joining methods are sticky tape, masking tape and glue sticks.

And harder joining methods are staples and double-sided tape and PVA glue.

This is the wooden peg axle holder.

Can you see it in the picture? Wooden pegs are glued to each side of the underneath of the chassis.

Make sure they're parallel to each other, and make sure they are the same way round.

This is the cardboard triangle axle holders.

And first of all, to make these, you need to measure and draw and cut out some cardboard triangles, and then you can add holes using the sticky tack and pencil method, or a hole punch, and then glue to both sides of the chassis so they are parallel.

So they're opposite to each other, parallel.

And this is a straw axle holders.

And to do this, you need to measure and cut pieces of straw, and take them to the underneath the chassis so they are parallel to each other.

To make the triangle axle holders, they must all be the same size, so they need to be measured very carefully.

You will need a pencil, a ruler, some scissors, card, sticky tack, and a single hole punch.

Remember that scissors are a tool, you need to hold them carefully, sit down when cutting and only cut paper and card materials for your project with the scissors.

To put a hole in the triangular pieces of card, we can use the sticky tack and pencil method.

Put the sticky tack on the desk, put the card on top of it and using a pencil, pierce a hole in the card.

Then remove the card from the sticky tack, and you'll find there's a hole in your piece of card.

Another way of doing this is by using a single hole punch.

This is Izzy's completed axle holders using the cardboard triangle method.

Can you see them on her box? Well done.

Izzy says, "If you choose to use PVA glue, if you make the choice to go for PVA glue, then this is quite runny.

So only use a small amount." Or it could get very messy otherwise, couldn't it? An axle holder is a solid rod that goes between the wheels.

These could be made from wooden dowel, or thick straw.

Both of these have very good qualities.

The wooden dowel does need cutting using a saw, so an adult will need to help you, and it is very solid and it does not bend.

The thick straws are easy to cut with scissors, and if they're not thick enough though, they could bend.

So you need to make sure they're very thick straws.

These axles are made using straws and wooden dowels through the wooden peg axle holders.

Can you see the picture? There is a box, which is the chassis.

There is the wooden pegs, which are the axle holders.

And just to show you, you can use the straw axle or the pre-cut wooden dowel axles.

However, whichever one you choose, you need to make sure that your axles are the same length.

The axle needs to run through the axle holder and into the wheels.

This makes sure that they are parallel.

Do you remember that word again? Parallel.

These wheels are parallel to each other.

Izzy says, "When wheels are parallel, they will travel in lines that are always the same distance apart and will never meet." We are ready for our next check for understanding.

Are you ready? Super.

This is a true or false question.

Axles and axle holders are the same thing.

Is this true or false? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So true or false? Axles and axle holders are the same thing is false.

Why is it false? That's brilliant.

Axles are rods that allow the wheels to turn, however axle holders hold the axles in place.

Well done everyone.

We're ready for our first task, Task A.

Are you listening carefully? Brilliant.

I would like you to firstly make a range of axle holders and axles.

Then I'd like you to complete the sentences on your worksheet.

The sentences say, "After exploring a range of axles and axle holders, I have decided that my axle will be made from.

And my axle holders will be made from.

." So you need to make a few choices there.

And then number three, I'd like you to share your decision, your choice with your friend, and explain why you made that choice, that decision.

And finally, I'd like you to reflect, to think about your decisions, and would you like to change any after your conversations with your friends? Pause the video now and complete the first task, Task A, and join me when you're ready.

Welcome back.

Well by now, you should have been very busy making a range of axle holders and axles, and then completed your sentences on your worksheets, before talking to your friends.

Did anyone decide to change any of their decisions? I wonder.

Lucas enjoyed exploring a range of axles and axle holders, and then he completed his worksheet.

He decided that his axle be made from precut wooden dowel, and his axle holders from straws, which are taped under the chassis.

I noticed there, Lucas, that you crossed some things out on your worksheets.

You crossed out cardboard triangles underneath my chassis.

Oh wow, let's see why you crossed it out.

Well, Lucas discussed and reflected with his friends.

Lucas says, "I've chosen the cardboard triangles for my axle holder.

I really like cutting them out." And then Sam said, "I found the cardboard triangle axle holders were quite difficult to make." They kept breaking and they weren't very strong.

Oh, that's why Lucas, your worksheet's different because you say, "I have changed my mind." The straw axle holder was stronger than the card triangles.

Well, well done Lucas.

We are now ready for our second learning cycle.

Selecting wheels for the right purpose.

These vehicles all have wheels.

What jobs do the wheels do? What do you notice about their wheels? Have a little look at the pictures.

You'll notice the tractor is used for farming, and it has big wheels at the back and smaller wheels at the front.

You'll notice they've got large treads on them.

The bike has got thin wheels and it's got two wheels, one in the front and one in the back.

And the car has got very small wheels.

Aisha says, "They're all different sizes, thicknesses, and some have bigger treads on than others." It is important to test and choose the right wheels for your vehicle.

Although all wheels are round, they can be made from different things or have different features.

They might be a different colour, a different pattern.

Big or small, made from plastic or wood or cardboard, and they might have different treads on them.

We are ready for our check for understanding now.

And this is a true or false question, all wheels are bumpy and different shapes.

Is this true or false? Pause video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So did you get the answer? All wheels are bumpy and different shapes is false.

Why is it false? Well, wheels are round, so they all roll.

Wheels might have different features or made from different materials, but they're all the same shape.

These are different materials that you might use to make the wheels for your vehicle.

You might use cardboard, you might use plastic, or you might use some wood.

The wheels on a vehicle are usually the same size, or at least the same size on each axle.

As you can see in the first diagram, these wheels are the same size.

On the second diagram, the middle one, you can see that the wheels in the back are bigger, and the wheels on the front are smaller.

Just like our picture of the tractor.

In this diagram, these wheels are unbalanced.

The vehicle will wobble.

Wheels are bigger and smaller on the same axle, and therefore it will wobble.

It is unbalanced.

Wheels are all made from different materials and have different properties.

They might look different, they might have different strengths, and some can be decorated.

By exploring the different axles, axle holders and wheels, you can find the perfect combination for your vehicle.

Izzy says, "What do I do if the wheels do not fit on the axle?" That's a good question, Izzy.

But if the hole in the centre of the cardboard wheel is too small, you could use the sticky tack and pencil method to make it bigger.

However, if you are using a wooden or plastic wheel, you may need to change the size of the wooden dowel or straw axle instead.

Izzy says, "How do you keep the wheels on the axles?" That's another good question, Izzy.

You can use a piece of sticky tape or sticky tack to keep the wheels in place.

This lets them have the little space at the end of the axle, but stay in place between the axle holder and the end of the axle.

Another option is small pieces of straws which are tightly fitted to the axle, and squeezed, pinched at the end, to help them to join.

Can you see in the picture, the axle runs across the chassis, the wheels go onto the axle, and then there's a little bit of a gap before a little piece of straw, tight straw, is fitted and squeezed at the end, pinched at the end to hold it on the axle.

That gives enough space for those wheels to spin, yet it holds the wheels on the axle.

We are ready for our next check for understanding now.

If the wheels do not fit on the axle, which would be the best option? Is it A, make the hole bigger on the cardboard wheels? Is it B, change the size or material of the axle? Or is it C, sticky tape the wheels on? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So did you get the answer? Brilliant.

So if the wheels do not fit on the axle, which is the best option, is, there's two options, you are right, well done.

You can make the hole bigger on the cardboard wheels, and if they are made of wood or plastic, remember, you need to change the size or material of the axle.

Well done everyone.

We are ready for task B.

Are you sitting comfortably? Brilliant.

I would like you to add different wheels to your axles and see which ones you prefer.

You might use big or small cardboard wheels, or bright red plastic wheels.

And then I'd like you to finish off your worksheets, completing the sentence: "After exploring a range of wheels, I've decided the wheels for my vehicle will be made from.

." And finally, I'd like you to tell your friends which wheels you've chosen and why.

Pause video now and complete task B.

Welcome back.

So by now you should have completed task B.

You should have had a go at adding different wheels, different sizes, different shapes, different colours, to your axles, and decided which ones you prefer.

You should have then completed your worksheet and had a talk with your friends to tell them why you've chosen that, and which one you chose.

While Lucas enjoyed testing the different wheels on his axles and he completed his sentence, he decided that he would use wooden wheels.

Well done, Lucas.

Lucas says, "I chose the wooden wheels because I can then paint and decorate them." Well done, Lucas.

And you can see his chassis, his axle holders, his axles and his wheels on there.

Well done, Lucas.

We've reached the end of our lesson for today, and I hope you've had lots of fun testing your wheels, your axles, and your axle holders, and then completing your choices, ready to start your making.

Well, in our summary today, I wonder if you can show me a thumbs up to these learning points.

Are you ready? Axles and axle holders must be parallel to each other.

Well done.

Different materials can be used to make wheels, axles and axle holders, brilliant.

Exploring different wheels, axles, and axle holders allows the right ones to be chosen for a vehicle.

Brilliant.

And finally, materials should be chosen based on their properties and suitability.

Well done.

Well, thank you for joining me for today's lesson, and hope you've had lots of fun, and I'll see you soon, bye.