Hello, my name is Miss Willow, and I'm going to be your teacher for today's lesson.

Today's lesson is called Coughs, Colds and Flu, and it fits into the unit, Staying Safe and Healthy, what do I need to know about minor ailments? During this lesson, we're going to be talking about some tricky topics, so we recommend that you have an adult with you for the duration of this lesson.

If at any point you do feel worried or uncomfortable, it's really important that you close the screen and that you go and speak to a trusted adult.

Okay, let's make a start on today's learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe symptoms of common coughs, colds and flu.

You'll know how to treat yourself at home and know when to seek medical help.

Before we get started with today's lesson, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels comfortable during this lesson.

Laura says we need to listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before we make any assumptions or before we decide how to respond.

If we disagree with someone else, it's important to challenge the statement and not the person themselves.

Andeep says we should respect each other's privacy.

It's okay to discuss examples, but we shouldn't use any names or descriptions that could identify anyone, including ourselves.

Instead, if we choose to share something, we could say, "My friend." This means that we're not giving away any identifying information about who we're talking about.

Izzy says we can choose our level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or to join in a discussion if they feel uncomfortable, and we should never put anyone on the spot.

Jacob says we need to not have any judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged.

We're now going to go through the keywords for today's learning.

These are gonna come up quite a few times in today's lesson, so it's important that we know what each keyword means.

Cold.

This is a common viral infection of the nose and the throat, causing symptoms like a runny nose and a sore throat.

Flu.

This is a more severe viral infection than a cold, causing fever, body aches and fatigue.

Hydration.

This means maintaining an adequate amount of water in the body to support its functions.

And finally, over-the-counter medicines.

These are medicines that are available without a doctor's prescription to relieve symptoms of common illnesses.

For example, we might be able to buy these at a shop.

Today's lesson is split into two learning cycles.

How can I treat symptoms of coughs, cold and flu? And, Can I identify when it's necessary to seek help? We're now going to start our first learning cycle, How can I treat symptoms of coughs, cold and flu? Dr.

Elsie says that coughs, cold and flu are all very common ailments that we will all experience at some point in our lives.

These elements can make someone feel very tired and unwell, but there are many things that we can do to treat these at home.

However, sometimes these symptoms might need to be treated with medicine or by a doctor, and it's important to know what the symptoms and treatments are so that you can also understand when you need to get help too.

Andeep says, "I've been feeling terrible this week.

I've a blocked nose and I keep sneezing.

My throat is really sore and I have a hoarse voice as well.

Generally, I just feel really tired and unwell." Dr.

Elsie says, "I'm sorry to hear that.

It sounds to me like you have a cold.

That can make you feel very tired and unwell, but there are lots of things that you can do at home to help." A cold is an airborne virus that causes inflammation of the membranes that line the nose and throat.

It can be easily spread through droplets in the air that are coughed or sneezed and then inhaled by someone else.

For example, if someone coughs and sneezes without using a tissue, the droplets will then go into the air and someone else could inhale them, causing them to get a cold if the other person is unwell.

A cold can also give you a high temperature, aches and pains in your body, a sense of pressure in your ears and your face from mucus buildup, and it can even cause a loss of smell and taste.

Some symptoms of a cold normally only last a week to 10 days, but they can last a bit longer in younger children.

Colds can resolve themselves or get better after a few days, but there are lots of ways that you can ease the symptoms of a cold at home so that you start to feel better.

We can get lots of rest so we can help our body to recover.

We can drink plenty of water to maintain levels of hydration that keep us healthy.

We can eat healthy food, although it's important to remember that some people might lose their appetite for a few days if they're feeling unwell.

We can drink warm water with honey and lemon to ease a sore throat.

And we can breathe in steam from a running shower or a bath, as this can help to clear a blocked nose.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing so far.

Can you finish the sentence? On average the symptoms of a cold should ease in, A, two to three days, B, five to seven days, or C, seven to 10 days.

Pause the video, tell the person next to you what you think, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that C is correct.

On average, the symptoms of a cold should ease in seven to 10 days.

A cough is another common ailment to have.

In general, there are two types of cough that we might experience, a dry tickly cough that's felt in the throat that doesn't produce any mucus, so it's classed as a non-productive cough, or we could have a chesty cough that brings up mucus to clear the airways, so this cough is classed as productive.

Nurse Daniel says that some people believe that if a cough is productive, it must be a chest infection, and they therefore must need antibiotics.

However, most coughs, even productive ones, will start to ease after a few days and most will not require any medication.

They'll just get better on their own.

Nurse Daniel says that getting rest, drinking fluids for good hydration, and a warm honey and lemon drink are all really helpful to reduce the symptoms of a cough so that we start to feel better.

If you have a temperature or feel really unwell, you should avoid contact with others to prevent a cough from being passed on.

If you visit a pharmacy, a pharmacist can also offer advice on over-the-counter medicines to help with your symptoms. Cough syrup can help to ease the throat, helping you to cough less.

Cough medicine can help to suppress the cough reflex, but this isn't suitable for children under 12.

Ibuprofen can ease our body aches and pains, and paracetamol can help with a high fever.

Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and other over-the-counter medicines can only be bought by someone over the age of 16.

You must only take these medications under the supervision of a trusted adult to make sure that you have the right type and dosage of medicine.

Let us do another check for understanding.

This time I'd like you to decide, is this statement true or false? "A 15-year-old can buy paracetamol and ibuprofen to treat a cold." What do you think? Pause the video, tell the person next to you, or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is false, but why? You might have said that only people over the age of 16 can legally purchase paracetamol, ibuprofen, and other over-the-counter medicines.

Well done if you got this right.

The flu, which is short for influenza, is when the nose, throat and lungs are infected by a virus.

This virus can be caught from infected surfaces, where it can survive for up to 24 hours.

The flu can cause more serious health problems, such as pneumonia, bacterial infections, or even hospitalisation.

Dr.

Elsie says that a cold, cough, and the flu can all make someone feel fatigued, which means tired and unwell.

However, symptoms of the flu can be more severe than a cold or a cough, especially if someone's older, has a weakened immune system, or already has other health conditions.

Dr.

Elsie says that we can prevent transmission or passing of the cough, cold and flu virus by making sure that we regularly wash our hands with soap, use tissues when we sneeze or cough, and we regularly wipe down surfaces to get rid of any germs that might be on the surface.

Dr.

Elsie also says that there's a yearly vaccine available against flu that children, pregnant people, and those with weakened immune systems are eligible for for free.

Some people also choose to pay for the flu vaccine.

Antibiotics are very useful medications to treat some types of bacterial infections.

They kill bacteria, or work to prevent them from spreading.

However, they're not suitable for all types of illness and will not help a cold, cough, or the flu virus.

Using too many antibiotics can cause something called antibiotic resistance.

This is where bacteria adapts to be resistant to the antibiotics that we use to treat them.

Although the symptoms of a cold and the flu are quite similar, the flu can make someone feel much worse.

Here are some symptoms of the flu.

A high temperature that comes on very quickly.

Someone feeling chills or feeling shaky.

Sometimes someone might have tummy pain or diarrhoea.

They might have difficulty sleeping, and they might experience nausea, meaning feeling sick or vomiting.

Some symptoms of both the cold and the flu include fatigue.

Remember, this means feeling really tired.

Runny or blocked nose and sneezing.

A dry or chesty cough.

A sore throat or a hoarse voice.

Aching body, and a loss of appetite.

Some symptoms of something that's just a cold is a high temperature, sometimes a slight loss of taste or smell, and a sense of pressure in ears and face.

Nurse Daniel says that if you have the flu, it's important to get plenty of rest and sleep.

We should stay warm and drink water for hydration.

Paracetamol or ibuprofen can also help to reduce the temperature and to treat body aches and pains.

Dr.

Elsie says that it can also be helpful to stay at home until you're feeling better so that you can get enough rest and avoid passing the virus on to other people.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time I'd like you to complete the following sentence using the words provided.

Many of the, something, of a cold and the flu are, something.

However, the flu can be more, something, and make someone feel very, something.

The missing words are, serious, unwell, symptom, and similar.

Can you decide which words should go in the gap? Tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is the order that the words should be in.

You should now have, "Many of the symptoms of a cold and the flu are similar.

However, the flu can be more serious and make someone feel very unwell." Well done if you got this right.

It's time to move on to our first practise task.

Laura has been asked to create the text for an educational poster on cold and flu.

Laura says, "I need to include information about similarities and differences between symptoms and how these illnesses can be treated." Can you complete your own version of this poster to communicate the key information? Pause the video and we'll go through what you might have said in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your poster might have included.

You might have said that symptoms of a cold and the flu include fatigue, a runny or blocked nose, sneezing, a dry or chesty cough, a sore throat, body aches and pains, and sometimes a loss of appetite, meaning someone doesn't want to eat very much.

However, the flu is more serious and it can cause a sudden high temperature, chills and shaking, nausea and vomiting, or tummy pains.

These illnesses can both be treated by getting plenty of rest and sleep, staying warm, and drinking fluids to maintain good hydration levels.

Paracetamol or ibuprofen can also help to reduce the temperature and to treat aches and pains, but should only be taken under the supervision of an adult.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

Fantastic, you're doing a brilliant job so far, and now we're going to move on to our second learning cycle, Can I identify when it's necessary to seek help? Although the symptoms of a cough, cold, and the flu can be treated at home, it's important to know when to seek treatment from a medical professional.

You can get help from a doctor, a nurse, or a pharmacist if you need medical help.

You can also get medical advice online from reliable websites like the NHS, by calling 111 for help with symptoms, for advice on a prescription, medicine, or an existing medical condition, and we can also call 999, but this is only for life-threatening emergencies.

The symptoms of colds, coughs and the flu can make you feel unwell, but symptoms that definitely need medical help include someone having difficulty breathing or experiencing shortness of breath, someone feeling suddenly dizzy, or someone experiencing pain or pressure in the stomach or chest.

Let's move onto another check for understanding.

Can you decide who is correct? Aisha says, "You can call 111 for help with symptoms of an illness." Alex says, "You should call 999 for any medical question, even if it's not an emergency." And Lucas says, "You can speak with a doctor, nurse, or pharmacist for advice about symptoms of an illness." Can you decide who is correct? Tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that Aisha and Lucas are correct.

You can call 111 for help with symptoms of an illness and you can speak with a doctor, nurse, or pharmacist for advice about symptoms of an illness.

It's important to remember that we should only call 999 if there is a life-threatening emergency.

This is why Alex is not correct.

Depending on the illness you have, you can either have a high or a low temperature.

A high temperature is considered to be anything over 38 degrees Celsius, a normal temperature is considered to be somewhere around 37 degrees Celsius, and a low temperature would be under 36 degrees Celsius.

Sometimes a high temperature may make you feel shivery and chilled.

This can happen when your body's immune system is fighting off a virus.

Very low temperatures are rare, but they can be serious.

A temperature under 35 degrees Celsius is a sign of something called hypothermia, and medical attention must be sought immediately, for example, by calling 999.

Always seek medical attention if a high temperature doesn't go away with paracetamol, goes away and then comes back, or lasts for more than five days.

You should also seek medical help if symptoms of an illness worsen or don't improve after a few days.

A pharmacist can offer advice on over-the-counter medicines that could help, and your doctor can also offer advice on symptoms, or even prescribe medication to help you feel better.

Let's do another check for understanding.

This time, I'd like you to finish the sentence.

You should seek medical attention for a temperature if it, A, goes away and returns, B, gets better with paracetamol, or C, only lasts a couple of days.

What do you think? Tell the person next to you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that A is correct, you should seek medical attention for a temperature if it goes away and then returns.

We're now moving onto your final practise task, and you've done a brilliant job so far, well done.

For this task, I'd like you to complete the paragraph with the missing words below.

At the bottom of the screen, you can see a word bank, which has our missing words in.

We have, temperature, 111, 999, higher, improve, viruses, online, emergency, doctor, over-the-counter medicines, flu, antibiotics, and symptoms. Can you decide which words should fit in the gaps in the paragraph? Pause the video and we'll go through the answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what your completed paragraph should look like.

Your completed paragraph should say, "Many illnesses like a cough, cold, or the flu can be easily treated at home.

Over-the-counter medicines can be used to help ease some of the symptoms. However, antibiotics are not normally effective against these viruses.

Symptoms that do not improve after a few days, or a temperature that is higher or lower than normal, may need medical attention.

You can also get medical advice from a nurse, pharmacist, or doctor.

You can also look up advice online or call 111.

You should only call 999 in an emergency." Well done if you put the words in the right place.

This shows that you've been working really hard for this learning cycle.

Well done.

We're now going to summarise the key learning for today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we've learned that some examples of common illnesses that can make us feel unwell are coughs, colds, and flu.

Symptoms of a cold include a runny or blocked nose, sore throat, sneezing and a dry or productive cough.

However, symptoms of the flu can be more severe and include fever, body aches, a temperature, and fatigue.

There are lots of ways to ease symptoms at home, including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medicine.

Antibiotics are useful for bacterial infections, but they don't normally work against viral infections.

This means an infection caused by a virus.

You can also get advice from reliable sources online, like the NHS website.

We can also speak to a doctor, nurse, or pharmacist, or by calling 111.

You should get medical help if symptoms worsen or they don't improve after a few days.

In today's lesson, you might have found that you've got some worries or some questions, and it's really important to share these with a trusted adult.

There's also some resources on the screen that's there to help you too.

Well done for your fantastic hard work in today's lesson.

I've really enjoyed teaching you, and I hope to see you in another lesson soon.