Lesson video

Hello again, and welcome to lesson 12 of "Animal Farm".

In this lesson, we will be exploring deceit on the farm.

So that means we're going to begin looking at the animals discovering they have been lied to by the pigs, and we will find out how the animals react but also how Squealer explains the lies that have been given by the pigs.

So before this point, we've looked at how the pigs take charge.

And then in our last lesson we looked at Napoleon and Snowball starting to disagree.

So let's remember that as our backdrop, as we move forward into a lesson, looking at the pigs lying to the animals.

So when you're ready please make sure you have a quiet space or somewhere you can concentrate as well as something to write with and something to write on and then when you're ready, let's get started.

So as always, here is your opportunity to make sure that you have everything you need for today's lesson, if not pause the video and get yourself settled.

But if you are ready then let's move on with today's lesson.

We'll start off with our recap before moving on to your new vocabulary for this lesson.

And then we'll begin to look at the extract but we'll also start analysing it together.

So that's similar to what we've been doing in previous lessons, where we take out quotations and we look at the language Orwell has used to give the readers a message and then we'll move on to you answering some questions about what you've read before finally, having a go at the exit quiz to reflect on your learning.

So here is our recap for today.

For some animals who struggle to read the seven commandments are adapted to option one four legs good two likes bad.

Option two, two legs good, four legs bad.

Option three we must work harder or option four pigs know best.

So for those animals who struggle to read and write Snowball gave them a new Maxine.

What was that Maxime? Pause the video here have a read through the four options and then press play when you'd like to check your answer.

So hopefully you all went for option one.

I did try to confuse you a little bit with option two.

So if you read those carefully you will have understood that option one is more appropriate because it is four legs good.

So animals good two legs, humans bad.

Option three is something that Boxer says a lot but that is not what they are taught to say by Snowball and pigs know best.

Well, I think that would be something that the pigs would like them to say but actually they teach them to say four legs good, two legs bad.

So our new vocabulary for today is the word deceit, deceit.

That's quite a nice, easy one to say.

So say it nice and loud after me.

Deceit, okay, excellent.

Deceit means hiding or being flexible with the truth to mislead people.

So it is slightly different to being dishonest.

So do make sure you understand that deceit and lying or dishonesty are different.

Deceit suggests that you are hiding or being flexible with the truth to mislead others in order to control them.

So you can see a common theme coming up with a lot of our vocabulary around control and power.

Deceit is hiding or being flexible with the truth to mislead people and usually to mislead them in order to control them.

So it's different to just telling a little white lie it's actually more calculated and carefully thought out.

It's used to deliberately on purpose mislead people.

So here are some examples when playing cards many people use deceit to trick the people they are playing against.

So it's not lying it's hiding the truth in order to gain more power in the card game.

So it's slightly different to lying.

Powerful leaders will sometimes deceive their citizens.

So really powerful leaders.

They might not technically lie to their citizens or to their society, but they may sometimes hide the truth or maybe be a little bit more bending with the truth.

So they will sometimes deceive their citizens.

And finally deceit requires this dishonesty.

So although they are different if you want to deceive someone, you do need to be dishonest because you are bending the truth.

So which of the following do you think is a correct definition of deceit? Is it playing the trick on someone? Is it being dishonest about something? Is it controlling other people or is it hiding the truth from others? So take your time with this and think very carefully about the correct definition of deceit, press pause and then press play when you're ready for the answer.

So the correct answer was number four.

So if you manage to get that right give yourself a big smile or a big pat on the back.

That's excellent work.

Deceit is not just playing a trick on someone, it's a lot more serious than that.

It's not simply being dishonest because you're not just telling he lie.

You're telling a lie to get something out of it.

You have a plan behind your lying if you are deceiving someone.

And option three it can be used to control people but it's not necessarily that simple.

So option four is our best definition.

You are hiding something, you're hiding the truth from other people.

So before we dive into our extract of this lesson again I think it's really important for us to have a story so fast slide just to make sure that we are all in the same place before we carry on.

So the farm is in a happy place.

The harvest has been successful and some of the animals have been taught how to read and write.

Previously in the story, however, and we haven't come across this but if you read the actual, the book of animal farm you would have come across this.

So previously however, lots of milk had gone missing on the farm.

So the milk that the cows would producing there was loads of it and it had mysteriously disappeared and here the animals discover what has happened to it.

The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up.

It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash.

The alley apples were now ripening and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls.

The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally.

One day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs.

At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use.

All the pigs were in full agreement on this point even Snowball and Napoleon.

Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others.

So in this extract there's a few things that are very important for us to remember.

We found out that the missing milk has been given to the pigs.

And we also find out that all of the apples that are in the farm instead of being shared out equally as the animals expected, have all gone to the pigs.

So the pigs have all the milk and all of the apples and a really important line in this extract is towards the bottom where it says some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use.

So this is the first time that some of the animals are starting to perhaps wonder and question the pigs power.

And they say, "Hmm, this isn't quite fair." But Snowball and Napoleon who often disagree are agreed on this point that the pigs should have all of the milk and all of the apples.

And so this extract tells us that Squealer was sent to the animals to explain why the pigs should have all of the milk and all of the apples.

So let's do some quick, true and false before we move on to make sure you understand what we've just read.

The milk and apples were being taken by the pigs.

Is this true or is it false? Shout out your answer at the screen nice and loud, true or false.

Excellent that is definitely true.

We know that the pigs are taking the milk and the apples on the farm.

So if you have an extract in front of you I would like you to highlight the parts that I have highlighted on the screen now, if you do not have an extract in front of you you can write down the quotations that I have highlighted in blue because it tells us where the milk and the apples have gone.

So the milk, it was mixed every day into the pigs' mash and the apples the order went for that all the windfalls.

So the windfalls are all of the apples that have fallen were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs.

So when the animals find out about the milk Squealer is sent to explain.

So remember, Squealer is a brilliant talker.

He can turn black into white.

That's the metaphor for him being really persuasive.

So we already know that the pigs probably know they're in the wrong because they have sent their brilliant persuasive talker to explain to the animals.

Comrades he cried.

You do not imagine I hope that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege.

Many of us actually dislike milk and apples.

I dislike them myself.

I was sole objective taking these things is to preserve our health.

Milk and apples this has been proven by science comrades contain substances absolutely necessary to the wellbeing of a pig.

We pigs are brain workers, the whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us.

Day and night we are watching over your welfare.

It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples.

Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back.

Yes Jones would come back.

Surely comrades cried Squealer, almost pleadingly skipping from side to side and whisking his tail.

Surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back.

So this is a brilliant extract.

It's one of my favourite parts of the story actually, we get to see Squealer in all his glory, going all out to persuade the animals that what the pigs have done is actually an okay thing to do.

He says, "Oh no, no, I don't like eating the milk and apples.

"But as pigs we have to "science says that it's really good for our brain work.

"And if we can't think properly "then we can't look after you and Jones will come back." So he's been very clever.

He's essentially saying that the pigs need these milk and apples to protect the farm and to protect the animals.

And he's almost threatening them at the end by saying that if they don't have this milk and apples then farmer Jones will come back and surely you don't want that to happen.

So it's a really lovely extract there's loads that we can talk about.

And it's a really helpful way for us to understand how Napoleon and Snowball use Squealer and how important Squealer is to keeping the animals if not happy, then at least quiet and following the rules.

So these are some things that I think we need to be aware of.

So again, if you have the extract please highlight these quotations.

If you don't please write them down in a notebook or on your piece of paper, because we are going to speak about each of these quotations in turn.

So pause the video to either write them down or highlight them and then press play when you're ready to move on.

So this has been proved by science comrades.

This is Squealer using facts, okay.

So if we think back to our lesson on rhetoric when old major gives his speech and his persuading the animals, this is Squealer using rhetoric.

And here he's using logos.

When a speaker uses logic or fact.

Now in this case, we know that they're not real facts but as we've discussed, not all of the animals are intelligent and they're also quite naive.

So actually by Squealer saying that it's been proven by science the animals will think this is a fact and science is something they can trust.

So it makes them believe him.

When Squealer says it is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples, he's using direct address.

It is for your sake he's making the animals feel really important and really valued.

Because it sounds like the pigs are doing those things for the animals.

That by stealing the milk and taking the apples actually it's for the benefit of everyone not for the benefit of the pigs.

So that's also a really important quotation.

Next we have Jones would come back.

Yes, Jones would come back.

Now this is repetition, Squealer repeat the exact same sentence.

And he does this because he wants to emphasise the threat that he is making.

His threatening the animals with the return of their tyrant master.

Don't forget at this point, they're still really happy, they've had a brilliant harvest.

They've got more food than they've ever had before.

Some of them have been taught to read and write.

So Squealer telling them that Jones would come back is terrifying to them.

That's the last thing they want to happen.

So Squealer repeats that threat to make sure the animals are well and truly scared of it.

And next, we have this rhetorical question at the end.

Surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? This rhetorical question encourages the animals to think about this for themselves.

So the animals will be given this question.

They don't need to answer but what that does is gets them thinking about it and they think, oh of course we don't want him to come back.

And then their focus is on that instead of the real issue.

So this rhetorical question gets the animals thinking about something entirely unrelated really.

And so they're distracted from the fact that the pigs have stolen the milk and apples because now their brain is busy thinking about whether they want Jones to come back.

So as you can see Squealer has used some really, really clever, clever techniques there to make sure the animals accept that the pigs need to have, need to have the milk and the apples.

So let's see how much of that you can remember straight away.

How does Squealer explain the pigs taking the milk and apples? There's more than one correct answer here.

So please pause the video and take your time to read through the options.

Choose the correct options more than one and then press play to check your answer.

Good luck.

Okay excellent work.

I'm sure all of you managed to get these all correct.

Whether you remembered it immediately or if you used the notes that you've been making doesn't matter as long as you've got them right.

So Squealer say is the pigs need the nutrition for their brain work.

He also says that if the pigs didn't take the milk Jones would return.

And he also says that the pigs are doing it for the benefit of all of the animals.

So he gives three very convincing reasons.

He does not say that farmer Jones made them do it.

So if you chose option four, I would recommend maybe rewind in the video to Squealer's little speech again and just rereading it or reading through your notes to make sure you understand how Squealer explained the pigs taking the milk and apples.

So let's move on to another part of the extract.

Squealer has just given his speech.

Now, if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of it was that they did not want Jones back.

When it was put to them in this light they had no more to say.

The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious.

So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples, and also the main crop of apples when they're ripened should be reserved for the pigs alone.

So Squealer speech was obviously very successful and the animals come to the conclusion that it's too important to the pigs for them not to have the milk and apples and so they get to keep all of the milk and all of the apples on the farm.

So what I'd like you to do now if you have the extract printed, highlight the part that I've highlighted on the screen, if not as always pause the video to copy down the quotation that I've highlighted in blue.

And then what I'd like you to do is answer the question.

How do the animals react to Squealer's explanation? Pause the video here try your best to answer that question independently and then press play when you'd like to some feedback on the answer you've written, good luck.

So how did you do? This is the answer that I've written.

As always, if you have written something similar and you have the same ideas then that is still a brilliant answer.

It doesn't have to be word for word.

The animals accepted the explanation because they were scared of life going back to how it was before if the pigs did not have enough food for their brain work.

So if your answer includes something about the animals excepting the explanation, that's brilliant as one giant tick.

If you have then gone even further and explained that the animals accepted because they're scared of farmer Jones coming back give yourself a second big tick because if you've included that you've shown that you truly understand how the animals have reacted but also why they reacted that way.

The reason for them accepting the explanation.

Okay some more true or false.

Squealer uses rhetoric to manipulate the animals into believing the pigs needed the milk and apples.

That's quite a long sentence.

So I would recommend pausing the video reading the sentence to yourselves, writing down whether you think it's true or false and then press play when you're ready to find out the answer.

And the answer is true.

So Squealer does indeed use rhetoric to manipulate the animals into believing the pigs needed the milk and apples.

So our final activity for this lesson will be for you to complete the following sentences.

We see deceit on the farm when.

So for that first one you need to tell me when there is deceit on the farm.

When do the people in power hide the truth from the animals.

Number two, Squealer explains the deceit on the farm by.

So how does squealer explain what has happened? And then finally the animals believe Squealer because.

So why do the animals accept the explanation? Pause the video here complete all three sentences and then press play when you're ready for feedback.

How did you do? Let's have a look at some possible answers.

We see deceit on the farm when the pigs are found to have been taking the milk and apples for themselves.

So as long as your answer includes anything to do with the pigs, taking the milk and apples you can give yourself a giant tick on the page.

Number two, Squealer explains the deceit on the farm by saying that the pigs need extra food for their brain work.

So again, as long as you have some kind of answer that includes Squealer telling the animals that the pigs need this and that they need this to keep the animals safe or to be able to think properly to stop farmer Jones from coming back, et cetera anything along those lines is a really, really good answer.

And finally, the animals believe Squealer because he threatens the return of farmer Jones if the pigs do not have enough energy to think properly.

So we know that the animals do accept the explanation but your answer for this sentence needs to include something about why they believe Squealer.

And it's all because they're scared of farmer Jones' returning.

They're happy on the farm and the last thing they want is farmer Jones to come back.

And so they believe Squealer because they want to believe that they are safe on the farm with the pigs in charge.

And that's the end of our lesson today.

You've done lots of work on Squealers rhetoric and we will be exploring this further in lessons to come, you should be really, really pleased with the amount of work you've completed today.

So take some time to relax now and then join me soon for our next lesson on animal farm.

Hopefully see you soon.

Have a lovely day.