Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

How are you today?

I hope you're doing well.

My name is Ms. Afzal, and I'll be your teacher for this lesson.

I'm feeling pleased about that because I think it will be quite an interesting lesson today.

We're looking at Edward I's failure to unite all of Britain.

That's the title of our lesson.

It comes from the unit of work, Edward I: What stopped Edward uniting all of Britain?

So I hope this sounds like an interesting lesson to you, and if you have some energy, focus, and enthusiasm, we'll dive into this topic and begin our lesson now.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can explain what stopped Edward uniting all of Britain.

I hope that sounds interesting to you.

We have a keyword in our lesson today, and that is brutality.

Pause here and share with someone, have you heard of this word?

Do you have any idea what the word brutality means?

Thanks for sharing the thoughts on the word brutality.

Let's find out what this keyword means.

Brutality is behavior that is considered very cruel or violent.

So let's look out and listen out for this keyword.

Let's think very carefully about this keyword which will be coming up in our lesson today.

Today's lesson is called Edward I's failure to unite all of Britain, and it has three learning cycles.

Success as a warrior, success as a ruler, and what stopped Edward uniting all of Britain.

Let's begin by exploring success as a warrior.

You can see an illustration of Edward I as a warrior.

Pulls here and share with someone anything that stands out for you in this illustration.

Thanks for sharing.

Perhaps you talked about that he looks very active.

He's going into battle.

Edward I was a strong leader and skilled in warfare.

He had many victories on the battlefield.

Edward had ambitions for an empire which stretched throughout England, Wales, Scotland, and France.

He was particularly determined to unite all of Britain under his kingship.

But what stopped Edward uniting all of Britain?

Pause here and share with someone any ideas you have about this key question.

Thanks for sharing the ideas you have so far.

We will be exploring this question through our lesson.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Consider what you already know about Edward I's reign.

Either discuss these questions with a partner, or if you're working independently, tell me your thoughts.

One, was the medieval period a violent period?

Two, why would it be important for a medieval king to be skillful in battle?

And three, how did Edward I's reputation as a successful warrior help him in uniting Britain under his rule?

So pause here while you have a go at answering these three questions.

It's good to be back with you.

Your discussions may have included, one, was the medieval period a violent period?

Yes.

Edward fought battles in Wales, Scotland, and in France.

Two, why would it be important for a medieval king to be skillful in battle?

Because it showed people he could lead his armies to victory.

Because it showed people he could defend the country.

Three, how did Edward I's reputation as a successful warrior help him in uniting Britain under his rule?

Defeating the Welsh princes meant that Edward conquered Wales and brought it under his rule.

Military conquests meant Edward could make himself overlord over much of Scotland.

Well done if you answered the questions in this way.

And now it's time for your first task.

One, using crosses, plot a graph of Edward I's significant battles and wars.

Decide where on the vertical axes they should go.

So right at the top, we have success in war.

Higher placement.

And down at the bottom, we have failure in war, a lower placement for your x.

And once you have plotted the events, join them with a line.

The first event has been done for you.

This is when Llywelyn surrenders to Edward's first Welsh campaign in 1277, a great success, hence the x being right up near the top.

And here are a list of Edward I's significant battles and wars.

1277.

Llywelyn surrenders to Edward's first Welsh campaign.

1282, the Welsh Revolt.

1283.

Edward conquers Wales.

1296.

First Scottish campaign.

Berwick, Dunbar, and Stirling.

1297.

The Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

1298.

Edward defeats the Scots at the Battle of Falkirk.

1304.

Edward secures victory in Scotland.

And 1307.

Edward dies on his way to fight Bruce's rebellion.

So pause here while you have a go at this task of using crosses to plot a graph of Edward I significant battles and wars.

Enjoy your task and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

So how did you get on with that task of plotting a graph of Edward I's success in war?

Your answer may look like this.

So we started with Llywelyn surrenders to Edward's first Welsh campaign in 1277.

That was the success, so that x may be quite high up.

Next, in 1282, we have the Welsh revolt, x perhaps somewhere around the middle.

In 1283, Edward conquers Wales, so we're back up at the top.

We stay at the top in 1296 for the first Scottish campaign, and then we've gone right down into the zone of failure in 1297, as the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Back up towards success in 1298, as Edward defeats the Scots at the Battle of Falkirk.

More success in 1304, as Edward secures victory in Scotland, and then right down to the bottom in 1307, as Edward died on his way to fight Bruce's rebellion.

Well done if your graph for Edward I's success in war looked something like this.

And now onto the next parts of your task.

Two.

In 1297, the Scots, led by William Wallace, defeated the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Edward was in France at this time.

What does this suggest about Edward I's personal importance to his success in war?

And three, using a graph to help you, what do you think it shows about how successful Edward was in uniting all of Britain under his rule?

Explain your answer fully using examples from the graph.

Consider using these words in your answer, military force and rebellions.

Pause here while you have a go at these next two parts of your task.

So how did you answer this first question?

Perhaps something like this.

"It suggests that Edward was successful when he was personally leading his army against the Scots.

The Battle of Stirling Bridge was the only battle in which Edward was not involved as he was fighting a war in France.

The only time he was unsuccessful was when he was absent from the battlefield or he had left the country.

" And for your final question, perhaps you answered like this.

"The graph tells me that Edward was often successful in uniting Britain under his rule when he used military force.

He successfully invaded Wales in 1277 and 1283, and won major victories over the Scots in 1296, 1298, and 1304.

By that date, he had successfully united England, Wales, and Scotland under his kingship through war.

However, he faced a rebellion in Wales in 1282 and in Scotland.

He died before he was able to put down Robert the Bruce's rebellion in 1307.

This suggests that by the end of his reign, he was not fully successful in uniting all of Britain under his rule.

" Well done if you answered in this way.

And now we're onto our next learning cycle, success as a ruler.

Edward was often a successful warrior and had military success in both Wales and Scotland.

However, he still faced rebellions that he had to crush.

Was his failure to unite Britain because of how he ruled?

Pause here and share with someone, what do you think?

Thanks for sharing your ideas.

And here we can see this illustration of Edward I shows him as a ruler rather than a warrior.

Let's take a look at Edward I's successes as ruler.

He was a just ruler, had a model parliament, castle building, Prince of Wales title for his son, maintained overlordship, and cooperated with other leaders.

These are some of Edward I's successes as a ruler.

What about Edward I's failures as a ruler?

His treatment of Jewish people.

He heavily taxed the barons.

Castle building.

Interfering in justice.

Provoking the Auld Alliance.

And brutal tactics.

These are some of Edward I's failures as ruler.

Let's have a check for understanding.

As ruler, Edward did not cooperate with leaders in Wales or Scotland.

Pause here while you decide, is the statement true or false?

Well done if you selected false.

And now I'd like you to justify your answer by choosing from one of these two statements.

a, Welsh rivals of Llewelyn and the Scottish Earl of Carrick fought in Edward's army.

b, when he was in France, Edward sent the Earl of Surrey to fight Wallace.

Pause here while you decide which of these statements justifies your earlier answer.

Well done if you selected statement a.

Indeed, Welsh rivals of Llewelyn and the Scottish Earl of Carrick fought in Edward's army.

This statement justifies your earlier answer.

Let's have another check for understanding.

Which two of the following were attempts to impose English rule over Wales and Scotland?

a, castle building, b, removing the Stone of Destiny.

c, Scottish sheriffs.

Pause here while you decide which two of these were attempts to impose English rule over Wales and Scotland.

Well done if you selected a, castle building, and b, removing the Stone of Destiny.

These two were attempts to impose English rule over Wales and Scotland.

And now it's time for your next task.

I'd like you to provide examples to support each aspect of Edward's success and failures as a ruler.

He was a just ruler.

He cooperated with other leaders.

He used brutal tactics.

He used castle building.

So pause here while you have a go at this task of providing examples to support each of these aspects of Edward's success and failures as a ruler.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

So how did he get on with that task of providing examples to support each aspect if Edward's success and failures?

Your answer may include, he was a just ruler.

Edward often worked with parliament, extended English common law across Wales, and maintained Scottish law and appointed Scottish sheriffs.

He cooperated with other leaders.

The Welsh and Scottish provided Edward with military assistance.

Scottish Kings often married English royalty, and they owned vast lands in England.

They also participated in English councils and parliaments.

He used brutal tactics, horrific executions, sacking towns, Edward was known as the Hammer of the Scots.

He used castle building.

Castles in Wales caused resentment among Welsh people.

They were symbols of dominating English rule.

Well done for having a go at this task.

And now onto our final learning cycle.

What stopped Edward uniting all of Britain?

In 1307, Edward I died of dysentery at the age of 68, as he prepared another invasion of Scotland to put down Robert the Bruce's rebellion.

Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Hammer of the Scots was written on his tomb in later centuries.

By medieval standards, Edward can be viewed as a just ruler, but even then, his brutality stood out.

Pause here and share with someone, can you remember what the keyword brutality means?

Thanks for sharing.

Brutality means behavior that's very cruel or violent.

Edward came close to securing a united Britain.

If he had only relaxed his iron grip, a union of England and Scotland may have developed.

This could have avoided years of brutal warfare and destruction.

The more Edward used his "hammer," the more the Scottish resisted.

Wales was divided between the Welsh princes.

Scotland had an experienced government and monarchy.

This made it harder for Wales and easier for Scotland to unite against Edward's campaigns to unite all of Britain under his rule.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Why was Scottish resistance to Edward I more successful than Welsh resistance?

Pick one.

a, Edward's brutality was more severe in Wales than Scotland.

b, Scottish leaders were more united in resistance.

c, resistance in Wales did not have a leader.

Pause here while you decide, why was Scottish resistance to Edward I more successful than Welsh resistance?

Well done if you selected answer b.

Indeed, Scottish leaders were more united in resistance.

This was why Scottish resistance to Edward I was more successful than Welsh resistance.

And now it's time for your next task.

What stopped Edward uniting all of Britain?

Discuss or explain your answer in writing.

And include as many of the following examples as you can.

Brutality.

Sacked.

Hang, drawn, and quartered.

Resistance.

Scottish and Welsh unity.

Hammer of the Scots.

So pause here while you have a go at this task of discussing or explaining your answer in writing to this question.

What stopped Edward uniting all of Britain?

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

So how did you get on with that task?

Explaining your answer to what stopped Edward uniting all of Britain.

Let's take a look at Alex's answer.

"Edward's brutality stopped him from uniting Britain.

He executed Welsh and Scottish rebels, not as honorable enemies, but as traitors deserving to be hanged, drawn, and quartered.

He sacked towns and took hostages.

This brutality led to stronger resistance and more anti-English unity amongst the Welsh and Scottish people.

" And Izzy, "Edward I failed to unite all of Britain because Scotland had an experienced government and monarchy.

Despite Edward securing overlordship of Scotland and Wales with successful warfare and castle building, Scottish unity enabled a strong resistance against the Hammer of the Scots.

Ultimately, Edward died before he could put down Robert the Bruce's rebellion.

" Well done if you had an answer like any of these.

Well done for having a go at this task of exploring what stopped Edward uniting all of Britain.

In our lesson, Edward I's failure to unite all of Britain, we've covered the following.

Edward I was often successful in uniting Britain under his rule when he used military force and cooperated with the local leadership in Wales and Scotland.

However, he faced rebellion in Wales and Scotland due to his brutal tactics and heavy-handed rule.

The success of Scottish and Welsh resistance was affected by how united people were in resisting Edward.

Well done, everyone, for joining in with this lesson.

I thought it was really interesting to explore Edward's successes and failures and his roles as ruler and his warrior, and ultimately how he was unable to unite all of Britain.

I enjoyed teaching you, and I hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

I look forward to seeing you to another lesson soon.

Bye for now.