Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

How are you today?

I hope you're feeling really good.

My name's Ms. Afzal, and I'll be your teacher for this lesson.

I'm feeling really pleased about that 'cause I think we've got quite an interesting topic ahead.

We'll be looking at Edward I's first campaign in Wales.

That's the title of our lesson.

I wonder how much you know about this topic.

Don't worry whether you do or if you are new to this topic.

We will be getting right into it today.

Our lesson comes from the unit of work "Edward I: What stopped Edward uniting all of Britain?

" So if you're ready to get into this topic, if you have some energy, focus, and enthusiasm, we'll begin our lesson now.

The outcome for today's lesson is: I can explain why Edward I launched a campaign in Wales in 1277.

I hope that sounds interesting to you.

We have some keywords in our lesson.

I'd like us to go through them one at a time, saying them out loud.

My turn, your turn.

Overlord, Britain, conquest, Marcher, homage.

Good to hear those keywords.

And now I'd like you to share with someone, have you heard of any of these keywords before?

Do you know what any of these keywords mean?

Pause here and share with someone nearby.

Thanks for sharing your understanding of these keywords.

Let's find out what they mean.

Overlord is the lord ranking above other lords in the feudal system.

They ruled through their vassals rather than direct rule.

Britain is the name for England, Scotland, and Wales.

A Marcher lord was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border, known as the Welsh Marches, between England and Wales.

Conquest is to take control of foreign land by force.

Paying homage is to publicly submit and swear an oath of fealty to someone above you in the feudal system.

So these are our keywords: overlord, Britain, Marcher, conquest, and homage.

Let's look out and listen out for them.

Let's think carefully about these keywords that will be coming up in our lesson today.

Today's lesson is called "Edward I's first campaign in Wales.

" And it has three learning cycles: Edward I's desire to be overlord of all Britain, the princes of Wales, and Edward I's first campaign in Wales.

Let's begin by exploring Edward I's desire to be overlord of all Britain.

Edward may have used his parliament to keep peace in England, but his reign was marked by almost constant warfare abroad.

Here's an illustration of Edward I.

Pause here and share with someone any details you notice in this illustration.

Thanks for sharing what you noticed.

Edward I wanted to be overlord of all Britain.

Pause here and share with someone, what does our keyword overlord mean?

Can you remember?

Thanks for sharing.

An overlord is the lord ranking above all other lords in the feudal system.

They ruled through their vassals rather than through direct rule.

And here we can see a map showing England, Scotland, and Wales, which is Britain, in green.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Fill in the two correct missing keywords.

Edward wanted to be of all.

Pause here while you fill in the missing keywords.

Well done if you filled in the missing keywords like this: Edward wanted to be overlord of all Britain.

And now it's time for your first task.

I would like you to use the correct words below to complete the text underneath.

So here are the words: conquest, Wales, father, Britain, lands, and overlord.

Let's just check in again.

What does the keyword conquest mean?

Pause here and share with someone.

Thanks for sharing.

Perhaps you said that conquest means to take control of foreign lands by force.

So let's read through the sentences.

Edward's grandfather had lost most of his in France.

Edward's had also lost land to Scotland and Wales, which had both continued to cause problems to Edward's rule.

Edward set his sights on within the British Isles.

He was determined to become of all.

In 1277, Edward I attempted to deal with a troublesome prince in.

So pause here while you complete this text by adding in the correct words, and the words to add in are conquest, Wales, father, Britain, lands, and overlord.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

So how did you get on with that task of adding the correct words to complete the text?

Let's read through the text with the words correctly added.

Edward's grandfather had lost most of his lands in France.

Edward's father had also lost land to Scotland and Wales, which had both continued to cause problems to Edward's rule.

Edward set his sights on conquest within the British Isles.

He was determined to become overlord of all Britain.

In 1277, Edward I attempted to deal with a troublesome prince in Wales.

Well done if you completed your task in this way.

And now we're onto our next learning cycle, the princes of Wales.

Medieval Wales was a collection of different kingdoms which fought each other and England.

Here we can see on the map of Britain, England and Wales.

And we can see the different kingdoms in Wales represented by the various crowns.

By the 13th century, Wales was divided between the Welsh princes, the Marcher lords, and the English king.

So we can see the area of land that was ruled by the Marcher lordships in orange, in red, here are the lordships of the king of England, in dark green, Llywelyn's land, in lighter green, lands under control of Llywelyn, in this map of Wales in 1267.

A powerful Welsh prince, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, took the opportunity to conquer 2/3 of Wales, including some Marcher lord territory.

Pause here and share with someone, what does the keyword Marcher mean?

Can you remember?

Thanks for sharing.

A Marcher lord was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the territory between England and Wales, called the Marches.

Let's have a check for understanding.

By the 13th century, who was Wales divided between?

Select the three correct answers.

A, English king, B, Marcher lords, C, Scottish king, and D, Welsh princes.

Pause here while you decide, by the 13th century, who was Wales divided between?

And select three from these four options.

Well done if you selected A, the English king, B, Marcher lords, and D, Welsh princes.

By the 13th century, Wales was divided between these three.

Let's have another check for understanding.

How much of Wales did Llywelyn ap Gruffudd conquer?

Choose from this selection: A, 1/3, B, 2/3, C, the whole of Wales.

Pause here while you decide how much of Wales did Llywelyn ap Gruffudd conquer?

Well done if you selected answer B.

Indeed, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd conquered 2/3 of Wales.

Let's have another check for understanding.

Fill in the correct missing word.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd used the title "Prince of.

" Pause here while you fill in the missing word.

Well done if you completed the sentence with the word Wales.

Let's read through the whole sentence.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd used the title "Prince of Wales.

" And now it's time for your next task.

Are the statements below true or false?

Reword any false statements to make them correct.

Wales was a united country in which all the Welsh princes agreed to be loyal to the Prince of Wales and not invade England.

By the 13th century, power in Wales was divided between the Welsh lords, the Gwynedd knights, and the Prince of Wales.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd took the opportunity to conquer 2/3 of Wales, including some Marcher lord land.

So pause here while you decide whether these statements are true or false, and reword any false statements to make them correct.

Pause here while you have a go at this task.

It's good to be back with you.

So, well done if you said that the first statement was false, the second statement was false, and the third statement was true.

And perhaps you reworded those first two false statements in this way.

Wales was a collection of different kingdoms which fought with each other and with England to take control over more land.

And next, by the 13th century, power in Wales was divided between the Welsh princes, the Marcher lords, and the English king.

Well done if you completed the task in this way.

And now we're onto our final learning cycle, Edward I's first campaign in Wales.

Edward assembled the biggest ever army Wales had ever seen, 800 knights and 15,000 soldiers.

9,000 of them were Welsh rivals of Llywelyn.

And here's a map of Wales during Edward's campaign.

Let's have a check for understanding.

True or false?

Llywelyn paid homage to Edward I in 1274.

Pause here while you decide, is this statement true or false?

Well done if you selected false.

And now I'd like you to justify your answer by choosing from one of these two statements.

A, Llywelyn refused to pay homage five times.

Instead, he stirred up anti-English feeling amongst the Welsh.

B, Llywelyn paid homage to the Scottish king instead of Edward.

He visited Scotland five times.

Pause here while you decide which of these statements justifies your earlier answer.

Well done if you selected statement A.

Indeed, Llywelyn refused to pay homage five times.

Instead, he stirred up anti-English feeling amongst the Welsh.

This statement justifies your earlier answer.

Edward took control of Anglesey, which cut off the Welsh army from their main food supply.

And here we can see a map showing Anglesey, up in the north of Wales.

Llywelyn finally paid homage to Edward I at Worcester in 1278.

And here we can see an illustration of an act of homage.

Pause here and share with someone, what does homage mean?

This is one of our keywords.

Can you remember?

Thanks for sharing.

Paying homage is to publicly submit and swear an oath of fealty to someone above you in the feudal system.

So here we can see Llywelyn finally paying homage to Edward I, who was above him in the feudal system.

All the lands Llywelyn had conquered were taken from him, apart from Gwynedd.

And the map is showing us the lands in Gwynedd.

Pause here and take a look at where it says Gwynedd on this map.

Can you find that?

Let's have a check for understanding.

How did Edward I defeat the Welsh princes in 1277?

Pause here while you select from these options.

A, he attacked their capital city in Anglesey.

B, he blocked access to their grain supply.

C, he made a surprise nighttime attack.

Pause here while you decide, how did Edward I defeat the Welsh princes in 1277?

Well done if you selected answer B.

Indeed, he blocked access to their grain supply.

This is how Edward I defeated the Welsh princes in 1277.

And now it's time for your next task.

I would like you to explain in one or two paragraphs why Edward I launched a campaign in Wales 1277.

In your answer, include as many of the following words as you can: overlord, Britain, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, homage.

So pause here while you have a go at this task of explaining in a couple of paragraphs why Edward I launched a campaign in Wales 1277.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

How did you get on with that task, explain in one or two paragraphs why Edward I launched a campaign in Wales 1277?

Your answer may include something like this: Edward I launched a campaign in Wales in 1277 because he wanted to be overlord of all Britain.

Edward set his sights on conquest within the British Isles because he wanted to recover lands lost by his father and grandfather.

In 1277, Edward I attempted to deal with a troublesome prince in Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd.

Llywelyn had conquered 2/3 of Wales, including some Marcher lord land, and refused to renew his homage to the English king.

In 1277, Edward assembled the biggest army Wales had ever seen.

Llywelyn had no choice but to surrender and accept Edward as overlord.

Well done if you wrote something like this.

In our lesson, "Edward I's first campaign in Wales," we've covered the following.

Edward I wanted to be overlord of all Britain.

Wales was divided between Welsh princes, the Marcher lords, and the English king.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd conquered 2/3 of Wales and was known as the Prince of Wales.

Llywelyn refused to renew his homage to Edward I.

Edward I defeated the Welsh princes, and Llywelyn finally paid homage in 1278.

Well done, everyone, for joining in with this lesson.

I thought it was so interesting to explore how Edward I launched his first campaign in Wales and what the conclusion was in 1278.

I really enjoyed teaching you, and I hope you enjoyed this lesson.

I look forward to seeing you at another lesson soon.

Bye for now.