Hello, my young scholars of religion.

My name is Ms. Marx and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be learning all about examples of really important prophets within the story of Islam.

So we'll get a little bit historical when we look at their stories and also quite theological when we look at what was revealed to them.

So when you're ready, let's go.

So by the end of this lesson today, you'll be able to explain the importance of and the examples set by the prophets Adam, Ibrahim and Isa.

So let's start with our key words.

Adam, the first human and first prophet of Islam, Ibrahim, Abraham, the father of Ishma'il and Isaac, who rebuilt the Ka'aba, Isa, Jesus, the son of Maryam, and an important prophet in Islam, Maryam or Mary, the mother of Isa, a leader of women.

So look out for them in today's lesson.

So our lesson today will have three sections, Adam, Ibrahim, and Isa.

So let's start with our first section then, Adam.

So this is an important quote from the Qur'an about the prophets of Islam, and it's in Surah 2 and it says, "Say, 'We believe in God and in what was given to the prophets.

We make no distinction between any of them.

'" Jamila, who's a Muslim, is going to explain what it means to her.

She says, "Muhammad was the final prophet who had the Qur'an revealed to him, but all the other prophets of Islam are important to my religion.

Their stories and examples help me to be a better Muslim.

All of them had the message of tawhid, the oneness of God and submission to Allah." So for Jamila, all of these prophets are important examples, not just the Prophet Muhammad, who was the final one.

Let's do a quick check.

What is missing from this quote from Surah 2 that we just looked at? "We believe in God and what was given to the." Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done, "To the prophets," fantastic.

So let's understand a little bit more about Adam, who was the first man and prophet then.

So after Allah had created angels and the world, Allah created humans and the angels questioned Allah's decision to make a being that can choose to disobey him.

So knowing that humans are going to be born with free will, they question, what if this human then disobeys you and does terrible things in this beautiful world you've created? And Allah reassures them and says it's part of a plan and creates Adam and a spouse for him.

Why might that story connected to Adam be important for Muslims today then? Pause the video and have a think and we can see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well, this story can help us understand that we're all born from one human race and we're all connected to each other and humans were created as part of the special plan that Allah had.

Now Muslims know the know the story of Prophet Adam from the Qur'an as the ultimate authority in Islam and in Surah, it says this, "When your Lord said to the angels, 'I'm placing a successor on earth,'" so someone to take my place almost, "They said, 'Will you place in it someone who will cause corruption in it and bloodshed while we declare Your praises and sanctify You?' He said, 'I know what you do not know.

' And he taught Adam the names, all of them." So what does this text tell us about Prophet Adam then? Pause a video and have a think and you could talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, here it tells us that Adam was created after angels.

So the angels are created first and then Adam, tells us that Adam had a special role, the successor on earth.

Sometimes the word khalifah is used, or a vice regent or a trustee, someone who is being entrusted with the world to take care of it and has this special role.

And also Adam is taught the names of things.

So Adam is taught what everything is and how to understand this world that he's placed in.

Then we have a second story connected to Adam, the angels, Satan and his spouse.

So we've said that the angels were questioning Allah about Adam being created and now Adam's been created.

Allah created Adam in paradise and instructed the angels and Satan to bow down to worship him.

The angels ab obeyed, but Satan who had free will, did not.

Adam and his spouse were placed in a garden and told not to approach a certain tree.

Satan tempts them to approach this tree, going against Allah's command.

So second thing Satan's done here.

And Allah forgives Adam and his spouse and sends them to live on earth with his spouse to experience life.

So it's not necessarily like a big punishment being sent to go and live on earth, and there's this idea that they'll be able to experience what life is like on this earth that Allah has created.

How could Satan's role in this story influence Muslims today then? Pause the video and have a think and we can see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well, the idea that Satan is there, tempting people to do wrong and trying to make people make the wrong decision is quite important for Muslims today who will be praying to be strong against that temptation and make sure that they stay on the right path.

So what are some of these beliefs about Prophet Adam within Islam then? Well, we've got that he was the first man and prophet from whom all humans descended.

He was given this role of khalifah or successor.

I said it's a bit like a trustee or a steward to care for the earth.

The angels were expected to bow down and serve him.

So there's many ways the angels serve humanity today.

He does do wrong, but he's forgiven by Allah and he's sent to live on earth to experience life for a while and enjoy it for a while.

And some believed that Adam actually worshipped Allah at the site of the Ka'aba.

So the Ka'aba an important site in Islam in Mecca where the Hajj ritual happens and people will pray towards it in Islam and many Muslims believe that Adam actually worshipped at that site, Allah from the very beginning of human existence.

Let's do another check.

In the Quran, Adam and his first were equally responsible for the wrongdoing of approaching the tree.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

That is true.

The Qur'an doesn't place blame on Adam's spouse for the wrongdoing, but they are equally to blame.

Satan is said to be the direct cause because he tricked them into approaching the tree, but they're not one or the other blamed more than each other in this story, they're blamed together, well done.

So let's do a practise task to see what we've learned then.

You're going to describe what Muslims believe about the Prophet Adam, and you're going to give a point and develop it twice.

And for each part you're going to say a range of religious ideas and specialist terms, but for one section you're going to use a source of wisdom and authority.

It could be an exact or paraphrased quote or a general teaching from a named source.

And you're then going to accurately apply that to the point and the question.

And the question is to describe what Muslims believe about Prophet Adam.

So pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, so for one paragraph, you needed to use a source of wisdom or authority and accurately apply this to the point and the question.

Let's see, your answer might be similar to, Muslims believe that Adam was created by Allah after the angels and was the first human.

He was given a special role to care for the earth as khalifah or successor of Allah.

Muslims believe this because it says in the Qur'an, "I am placing a successor on earth," who was Adam.

Muslims was also believed Adam was instructed not to approach a certain tree in paradise but did after being deceived by Satan.

Adam was forgiven by Allah and given a prophecy of Allah and was sent to Earth and to live and experience life there, well done.

So onto our second section then, Ibrahim.

Ibrahim came from Ur.

So on the map here we can see where Ur is in relation to Mecca and Jerusalem.

And most historians believe it is where modern day Iraq is.

He's believed to have lived around 2000 BCE.

So about 4,000 years ago.

And at this time in his place, people worshipped many gods and idols and even created statues that they worshipped , that they created themselves.

And Ibrahim's message helped to establish monotheism across a large area, so people not worshipping many gods and idols, but only worshipping one.

So according to the Quran and Muslim traditions, Ibrahim was born into society where people widely practised idolatry.

In fact, Ibrahim's own father was an idol creator.

He made idols out of wood and stone which people could worship.

And Ibrahim didn't believe these idols had any powers or should be worshipped or prayed to.

People also worshipped the sun, the moon and the stars during Ibrahim's time.

He challenged this through talking to people and trying to help them see that these manmade creations and parts of nature were not something they should be worshipping or praying to.

One way that he challenged this was through breaking some of the idols in his father's shop.

He left an axe with the biggest idol, and when people found the broken idols, he told them the largest one had done the damage.

When the people said the idol couldn't have done that damage, Ibrahim used this to prove his point that these idols were not worth worshipping.

The people were so challenged by Ibrahim's views that eventually he was sentenced to death and by being burnt alive.

When the time came, Allah miraculously kept Ibrahim alive and feeling cool, which was a reward for his faith in the one true God rather than worshipping idols.

So after this incident with the fire, we read that Ibrahim had two wives, Sara and Hagar.

And from those two wives he has two sons, one from each wife.

Ibrahim and Hagar first have Ishma'il, and then Ibrahim and Sara have Isaac.

Ishma'il and Isaac are both prophets named in the Quran and were half brothers, Ishma'il was the older brother and the Prophet Muhammad is an ancestor of Prophet Ishma'il.

According to the Qur'an and Muslim traditions, Ibrahim was told in a dream to sacrifice his son.

Whilst the Qur'an does not mention which son it is, Muslim traditions state this was Ishma'il.

Ibrahim was willing to do this, but he discussed it with his son, who was also willing.

Ibrahim went to Mount Arafat outside of Makkah to perform the sacrifice, but Ishma'il was replaced by a ram, which is a male sheep, and that was sacrificed instead.

Ibrahim and Ishma'il's obedience to Allah had been tested and they had passed the test.

This is celebrated today by Muslims with Eid al-Adha and sometime after this, Ibrahim and Ishma'il built a place to worship Allah in Makkah, which is the site of the Ka'aba today.

Many Muslims believe that Adam had worshipped Allah on the same spot.

Some Muslims believed there'd already been a damaged Ka'aba at this site and Ibrahim and Ishma'il were rebuilding it.

If they built it or rebuilt it, it's an important part of the story that after a time of polytheism and shirk, with Ibrahim's people, this site was now dedicated to worshipping the one unified Allah.

So Jamila has just completed that Hajj ritual, and the story of Ibrahim is important for and has influenced many parts of that pilgrimage.

And here she explains how.

Jamila says, "During the Hajj pilgrimage, I circled the Ka'aba, which reminded me of Ibrahim and Ishma'il building it and their obedience to Allah.

I also stood on the planes of Arafat, which reminded me of Ibrahim being willing to sacrifice his son.

And when I threw the stones at the pillars representing Satan, I thought about how Ibrahim was strong against the temptation to refuse to ab obey Allah.

So here we can see the importance of Ibrahim in this very important ritual, Hajj.

So let's do a quick check.

Which of these events in the story of Prophet Ibrahim came first? Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son, Ibrahim being thrown in the fire and Ibrahim rebuilding the cover, which of these came first? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you come up with in a moment.

Well done, it was B, Ibrahim being thrown in the fire for challenging the polytheism of his society.

So let's do another practise task to see what we've learned then.

Jun and Sam and Laura each have a question about the importance of Prophet Ibrahim in Islam.

You're going to write an answer to each of their questions.

Jun asks, "How's the festival Eid ul-Adha connected to Ibrahim?" Sam asks, "Why is the story of Ibrahim important for the Hajj pilgrimage?" And Laura asks, "How does the story of Ibrahim influence Muslim daily prayers?" So pause the video and have a go.

We'll see what you've written in a moment.

Well done, so I asked you to answer each of these questions and your answers may look like this.

Jun asks, "How is the festival of Eid ul-Adha connected to Ibrahim?" And the answer could be the festival Eid ul-Adha celebrates Ibrahim's obedience to Allah and the miracle of the ram in the place of his son.

Sam asked, "Why is the story of Ibrahim important for the Hajj pilgrimage?" And you could have said during the hash pilgrimage, Muslim circle the Ka'aba.

They also stand where Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son.

And Laura asks, "How does the story of Ibrahim influence Muslim daily prayers?" And you could have said, every day Muslims pray to Allah in the direction of the Ka'aba, which was built by Ibrahim and his son Ishma'il, well done.

So onto our final section then, Isa.

One woman is mentioned 34 times in the Quran.

Do you know who that is? Pause the video and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

That person is Maryam, who's the mother of Isa.

She's not only mentioned that many times, but there is also an entire Surah with her name, Surah 19.

In the Qur'an and Muslim tradition, Maryam is referred to as chosen above all women, the truthful one, the pure one, and a devout servant of Allah, and she's seen as a leader of women.

She has a very significant role within Islam as the mother of Isa.

Let's do a quick check.

Isa's mother Maryam is not mentioned by name in the Qur'an.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, that's false, isn't it, but why? Actually she's mentioned 34 times by name in the Qur'an and Surah 19 is actually named after her, well done.

According to the Qur'an and Muslim traditions, Maryam was a young woman who was not married and was a virgin.

She spent time praying and was a willing servant of Allah.

And one day she was visited by an angel, Jibril, who told her she would have a son.

When she said she'd been untouched by a man, the angel told her it would be a miracle of Allah.

Maryam was willing and later gave birth to Isa.

Maryam had been instructed to shake the trunk of a palm tree close to this time, and miraculously water and dates appeared to nourish her.

And whilst Isa was a baby, he miraculously spoke and said, "I am a servant of Allah.

He has given me a scripture and made me a prophet." And through his life he was able to perform miracles.

And through the permission of Allah as a child, he brought a bird back to life whilst visiting Maryam's village.

As an adult, he performed other miracles and was given a revelation of the gospel to give to the children of Israel.

His life was threatened by the rulers who didn't accept his teachings.

And so when he was due to be killed, Allah protected Isa from this miraculously and another person died in his place.

Isa then ascended to heaven where he is now.

He'll return in the last days to help defeat a fake messiah, a religious leader, and establish peace on earth before eventually dying of natural causes.

So here Hassan, who's a Muslim, is going to explain to us what this passage tells him about Prophet Isa and Maryam.

And the passage goes, "She, Maryam, said, 'How can I have a son when no man has touched me, and I was never unchaste?' He said, 'Thus say your Lord, 'It's easy for Me and We will make him a sign for humanity and a mercy from us.

'" If Allah is omnipotent, Allah could do anything, even a miraculous virgin birth.

And Hassan says, "This reminds me of the important role that women have in Islam, as well as Allah's omnipotence to cause a virgin birth.

Isa is a very important prophet to me and a sign of Allah's beneficence," or loving and kind nature.

So what are some Muslim beliefs about Prophet Isa then? Maryam was visited by Jibril and Isa's birth was miraculous, Isa performed miracles with Allah's permission, he's a prophet but not the son of God, he was supported by the angels of Allah, he didn't die but ascended to heaven and he foretold Muhammad's coming and he will return in the last days.

Now there are many similarities, but some differences between Christian and Muslim beliefs and teachings about Isa.

For example, the Qur'an here says, "And we gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs and we supported him with the Holy Spirit," and in Surah 4, "And for their saying, 'We have killed the Messiah Jesus,' in fact, they did not kill him." So we have some similarities here.

Isa was born to marry Maryam, a virgin birth and ascent to heaven, Isa could perform miracles and Isa will return in the last days.

But there are some differences.

Isa is a prophet and not God's son, Isa didn't die on a cross, and Isa's death therefore doesn't pay for humanity's sins, which is quite important teaching within Christianity about Jesus.

So Sarah's a Muslim revert, which means she's converted to Islam and she was raised as a Christian.

So here she explains more about these differences.

She says, "I was raised a Christian but reverted to Islam as an adult.

The idea that Isa was a prophet of God and not part of the Trinity made more sense to me as I believe strongly in there being only one complete God.

I also don't believe that Isa died for my sins on a cross because I will be responsible for all of my actions, good and bad, on judgement day." So what similarities might Sarah say there are with her Christian upbringing about Isa from what she believes about Isa then? Pause the video and have a think.

You could talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, maybe Sarah would raise that Isa was born to Maryam, and that she was a virgin and that Isa could perform miracles and will return on the last day, well done.

Let's do a quick check then.

Which term means the concept of Allah sending revelations to humans, afterlife, prophethood, or tawhid? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've got in a moment.

Well done, it's B, prophethood, and Isa was one of those prophets, well done.

So let's do another practise task to see what we've learned then.

Alex has written an extended paragraph as part of an answer to the question, "Explain Muslim and beliefs about Prophet Isa." He's made five mistakes.

Rewrite the paragraph and correct the mistakes.

Alex says, "Muslims believe that Isa was a very important part of God and the son of God.

Muslims believe this because in the Bible it says, when Isa was a baby, he miraculously said, 'I'm a servant of Allah, he's made me a prophet.

' He is not an important prophet because his birth was miraculous and he was able to perform miracles with the permission of Allah.

Muslims believe he will not return in the last days to defeat the false Messiah and bring peace to earth." So what are the five mistakes that Alex has made? Rewrite it and correct the mistakes.

Pause the video, off you go.

We'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, well, your answers should look something like this.

Muslims believe that Isa was a very important prophet of God, but not the son of God.

Muslims believe this because in the Qur'an it says that when Isa was a baby, he miraculously said, "I'm a servant of Allah, he has made me a prophet." He is an important prophet because his birth was miraculous.

He was able to perform miracles with the permission of Allah.

Muslims believe he will return in the last days to defeat the false Messiah and bring peace to earth," well done.

So let's summarise everything we've learned today then.

Muslims believe Allah has sent different prophets to humans, starting with Adam as the first man and prophet.

Ibrahim was an important prophet who refused to practise idolatry and was willing to sacrifice his son.

He also rebuilt the Ka'aba.

Isa was an important prophet who was born to Maryam.

Maryam has mentioned the Qur'an many times, which shows that women have an important role in Islam.

Isa was a prophet and not the son or part of God.

There are similarities and differences between Christian and Muslim understandings of Isa, Jesus.

So well done for your hard work today, and I hope to see you again soon, bye-bye.