The minuend is the number being subtracted from.

A subtrahend is a number subtracted from another.

When you adjust you make a change to a number. This is done to make a calculation easier to solve mentally.

The inverse is the opposite or reverse operation. For example, subtraction is the inverse operation of addition.

Explain how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier

Maths

Explain and represent constant difference for subtraction

Explain how constant difference can make written calculations more efficient

Use constant difference to balance equations and find unknowns

Explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference

Solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts

Explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference: reduction structure

Explain how adjusting the subtrahend affects the difference: partitioning

Calculate the difference using knowledge of an adjusted subtrahend: difference structure

Use equivalence and compensation strategies to solve subtraction problems in a range of contexts

In this unit pupils will explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference and solve subtraction calculations mentally using known facts explaining how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier In the future unit pupils will explain how to balance equations with addition or subtraction expressions and use their knowledge of balancing equations to solve problems

In the prior unit pupils used the concept of same sum to simplify and solve addition problems  In this unit pupils will explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference and solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts explaining how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier

In this unit pupils will explain how increasing or decreasing the minuend affects the difference and solve subtraction calculations mentally by using known facts explaining how adjusting the minuend can make mental calculation easier.

Use equivalence and compensation to simplify and solve subtraction problems

Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend to match the ones digit of the subtrahend.
153 − 36 = {{ }}

Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend to match the ones digit of the subtrahend
{{ }} = 269 − 46

Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend to match the ones digit of the subtrahend.
2,887 − 44 = {{ }}

Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend to match the ones digit of the subtrahend.
1,567 − 59 = {{ }}

Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend.
3,084 − 0.46 = {{ }}

Find the missing number in the equation below by adjusting the minuend.
{{ }} = 967,000 − 35,000

In the following equation, which number is the difference?
38 − 12 = 26

Solve the following calculation mentally by adjusting the minuend and subtrahend.
157 − 32 = {{ }}

Solve the following calculation mentally using unitisation.
{{ }} = 290 − 120

Solve the following calculation mentally by adjusting the subtrahend and then the difference.
1,050 − 902 = {{ }}

Solve the following calculation using a mental strategy.
{{ }} = 211 − 97

Starter Quiz

In the following equation, which number is the difference? 38 − 12 = 26