Hi there, Mayo Scholars of Religion.

My name is Ms. Marx, and I'm going to be your religious education teacher today.

Today we're going to be doing about Muslim beliefs connected to heaven and hell, so the beliefs about heaven and hell that we find in Islam.

So, we will be talking about the afterlife and death.

So, if you're ready for us to talk about these topics, then let's go.

So, by the end of this lesson today, you will be able to explain Muslim teachings on life after death, their importance and different Muslim perspectives on this within Islam.

So, let's start with our key terms then.

Akhirah, beliefs about life after death in Islam.

Heaven, paradise, Allah's, reward for the faithful and repentant.

Hell, place of suffering for sinners and those who reject the Qur'an.

Jahannam, an Arabic term used for hell, and Jannah, an Arabic term used for heaven.

So, look out for those in today's lesson.

So, today's lesson will have three sections and those are, beliefs about heaven and hell in Islam influence of beliefs about the afterlife and different perspectives on heaven and hell in Islam.

So, our first section is then, beliefs about heaven and hell in Islam.

If you were lost in a desert, so you're going to imagine you're lost in a sandy hot desert, what would be the worst thing that could happen to you? So, what would you fear the most if you were lost here in this desert? Have a think about this.

You could pause the video and talk to someone next to you or talk to me.

So, perhaps one of the things you would fear is a lack of water.

Did you write down that feeling thirsty and missing water would be a big fear that someone could have if they were lost in the desert? Perhaps the idea of the sun burning down and heating upon you could be a big fear if you were lost abandoned in the desert, no shade, nowhere to hide from the sun.

What about the idea that it's a vast and empty space and you feel that you're lost in this huge empty space and there seems to be no end to it, nothing on the horizon.

The fact that it's gonna be hot beneath your feet and that your shoes are gonna start having the heat coming through them and there's nowhere to go, nowhere to sit away from this heat.

And even the fact that your skin is gonna get sunburnt as the sun beats down on you and you haven't taken enough sun cream with you.

Keep that in mind as we do today's lesson together.

Well, what about in a more positive way we're lost in that desert and what's the thing we would want to see the most? Could you imagine what would be the thing that you'd be so happy to see if you were lost in that desert? Have a think about that.

Pause the video and take a moment.

Would it look something like this, with the water and the trees and the shade? Perhaps the thing you'd want to see the most would be trees and shade, clear running water.

Water to drink and food to eat.

Friends and loved ones.

Maybe it's not just the beating sun, but it's the idea of being lost in this abyss and being away from everyone, that would be the scariest thought.

And what you would want to do is be around people who you love and you know.

Maybe even just it being a place that feels safe, maybe it felt dangerous and scary when you were abandoned there in the desert, but somewhere where you could feel safe and protected and loved would be the thing that you'd want the most.

And again, I want you to bear that in mind when we do today's lesson.

So, teachings and beliefs about life after death in Islam are known as Akhirah.

And this comes from Arabic.

And when we look at Arabic terms, we can see the root letters and the root words behind them can help us understand what they mean a little bit more.

And the root word for akhira is akhar, which means last or end.

So, perhaps when this life ends, it's what is our last final destination after that? Beliefs about heaven and hell are part of beliefs about life after death? So, there are lots of beliefs to do with life after death in Islam, and beliefs about those destinations of heaven and hell are part of that? Beliefs about life after death are found in the Six Articles of Faith and in the five roots of Usul ad-Din.

And they may be in the Six Articles of Faith referred to more as akhirah.

And within the five roots of the Usul ad-Din, they're often known as Mi'ad.

And that comes from a word meaning the return.

So, this return after the resurrection.

So, within both the Five Roots of Faith and the Six Articles of Faith, we have this belief about the afterlife and to do with heaven and hell, which shows that it's really super important key belief within Islam.

Now Muslim teachings state that on Judgement Day, every person who's ever lived will be judged by Allah.

And most Muslims believe that the souls of people who've already died are in a different place waiting for that day.

So, whilst everyone who's living at the time of Judgement Day and the last day when Judgement Day is kind of heralded, will be judged, so will every other person who's ever lived.

And because everyone's gonna be judged together then, those people who've already passed on will need to be in waiting for that moment.

So, there are beliefs in Islam about where those people are waiting, but today we are focusing on those beliefs about heaven and hell after Judgement Day.

In Muslim teachings, after facing judgement , everyone will be sent to one of two destinations.

And this will be dependent upon their book of deeds which weighs up whether they've done more good or bad deeds in their life, and also connected to the faith that they had as a Muslim.

One of those destinations is a place of joy, comfort, and pleasure.

And one of those places is a place of pain, discomfort, and terror.

And in Muslim teachings, it is a bodily physical resurrection that people have before that judgement.

So, lots of things we're going to talk about today are not just kind of the idea of those pleasures and pains, but they're also like a physical feeling that people will have as they are physically resurrected for the afterlife.

So, let's learn about what these two places are then.

So, the place of pleasure and comfort and joy is called heaven or sometimes called Jannah.

And this term comes from Arabic.

And again, we can look at the root letters to see what it might mean and understand it a little bit more.

And we have the root letters, J-N-N, and that root often refers to something hidden or unseen.

So, the idea is that Jannah or paradise is something we haven't seen yet.

We can't understand it yet until we go there.

So, it's not necessarily like a secret hidden thing, it's more that it's not been revealed yet.

We haven't been there, we haven't seen it.

So, Jannah is one term used in the Qur'an to describe a garden or paradise in the afterlife, which cannot be seen by those on earth until death and Judgement Day.

Muslims believe that Angel Jibril has seen paradise and knows of this and brings us that good news partly to do with the Qur'an as a revelation.

But humans, we've not seen paradise and we don't know it yet, so it's hidden and unseen.

So, other Muslim beliefs connected to Jannah or heaven are that it's believed to have trees with fresh ripe fruit ready to eat, have seven different levels or stages, which we'll come back to later in the lesson.

It's believed to be perfect temperature, not too hot and not too cold.

It's believed to have a great deal of wine which doesn't lead to sin or an aching ahead.

So, it doesn't get you drunk.

It's believed to be where loved ones will be reunited and everyone will feel that acceptance of Allah.

And it's believed to have rivers of paradise flowing.

So, rivers flowing underneath it.

So, how many of these things here can you connect to what we said we would love to see if we were lost in the desert and we wanted to see something? All those things we said about seeing, shade, water, seeing our loved ones again, feeling safe.

If someone is feeling accepted by Allah, then they're going to feel safe and protected.

So, maybe you can see from this how these ideas would've connected with many of those first Muslims who were around at the time of Muhammad in Mecca at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an.

So, let's do a quick check.

What Arabic word is often used for heaven or paradise? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, it's Jannah.

So, what about the other side then, the other destination.

So, if we had a place of pleasure and comfort and joy, which was heaven, then on the opposite side we've got the idea of hell or Jahannam.

And this is often used as a term Jahannam for hell in Islam, but there are other terms that are used to describe what hell is like.

For example, the fire, the abyss, blazing fire, a place of burning, that which breaks to pieces.

So, this idea of things being broken, lost, burning and destroyed, if you think of a fire that destroys things.

So, these terms are used for that place of terror and punishment, which is often called hell and Jahannam.

So, hell or Jahannam is believed to be a blazing eternal fire, hotter than any fire on earth.

So, hotter than anyone could imagine that they could have experienced here on earth, it'll be hotter than that.

It's believed to have seven different levels of stages, similar to heaven, which we'll come back to later in the lesson.

It's believed to be a place where everyone is constantly thirsty.

So, you've got that heat and that fire and then everyone is constantly thirsty.

And remember in Islam the belief is that it's the physical body that's resurrected.

So, it's gonna be a physical sensation that people have.

A place of darkness where people cry out and scream.

So, it's believed to be a place where there is fear and terror that people are experiencing and crying out and screaming and you are hearing this around you.

It is believed to be a place of physical pain where people wear chains.

So, remember it's a physical resurrection that Muslim believe it.

So, they're believing that people are feeling some physical pain here.

It's also believed to have water that's scolding hot to drink and food which is bitter and painful to eat.

So, as a physical body is resurrected, people will be hungry and will be thirsty.

But the only water that's available is scolding hot to drink and the only food is bitter and painful to eat.

And that's like flipped to the opposite of those trees with wonderful fruit that's growing and wine that can be drunk in heaven or Jannah.

So, can you see how many of these connect to those biggest fears that we said we might have if we were lost and abandoned in the desert? If we were living in the desert and our biggest fear was to be lost and we'd have the blazing hot sun and we'd have the heat of a fire and we're constantly, constantly thirsty, and we said that that fear of a lack of water would be quite strong.

So, again, that could connect to those people who were living in an area that has many deserts at the time of the Prophet Muhammad when the revelations came off the Qur'an.

So, let's look to the Qur'an now as a source of authority to understand these beliefs about heaven and hell in Islam.

So, we have two passages here that help us with this.

In Surah 2, "Give good news to those who believe and do righteous deeds, they will have gardens beneath which rivers flow.

And then in Surah 6, "They have a drink of scolding water and painful punishment, because they're used to disbelieve." So, what could these two passages show us about the idea of heaven and hell in Islam, and the idea of akhirah more broadly then? So, how could these quotes support beliefs in the afterlife akhirah? Pause the video, have a reread and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

So, there's lots to unpack in these two verses, isn't there? And here I've highlighted this idea of belief.

So, in the top one we've got those who believe we'll be able to go to paradise.

And underneath we've got those who disbelieved being sent to hell.

And also we've got the idea of deeds here, doing righteous deeds.

So, deeds are actions that you might do in life.

So, if you've done good deeds and you've believed, then you get to go to this place which is paradise.

And what are these places like? We've got gardens beneath which rivers flow and then the scolding water and painful punishment in hell.

So, I've got here that a belief and actions are important in deciding the destination that someone's gonna go to, but also heaven will be pleasurable and hell will be painful.

But not just the Qur'an as a source of authority can we use when we are looking at beliefs about heaven and hell in Islam, we can also look to the Hadith, which is collections of narration or accounts of what the prophet Muhammad said and did, that's remembered by people who were there at the time and passed on.

And one of these Hadith is that the prophet Muhammad said, "Allah said, I have prepared for my righteous slaves, such excellent things as no I has ever seen nor an ear has ever heard nor a human heart can ever think of." So, this is a Hadith, so the prophet Muhammad is saying what God has said to him, about what heaven is going to be like.

And he uses this word slaves here to do with those who are submitting to the will of Allah.

So, that's why the term slaves is there 'cause it's those who have submitted and they're righteous and they're doing the right actions.

So, what could this show us about beliefs to do with heaven that's from the Hadith? So, what belief about akhirah can this Hadith support for a Muslim, particularly to do with ideas to do with heaven? Pause the video and have a reread and have a think and you can talk to the person next to you or talk to me.

Well, I've highlighted here, yeah, that idea of righteousness.

So, not just being a Muslim but also being a righteous Muslim.

And then the idea that no eye has seen, no ear and no heart can even think of.

So, it's unknown, it's unseen.

Whatever you can imagine from the best, most amazing place you've been on earth or the most beautiful place or the most refreshing paradise on earth you've been to, it's gonna be so much more than that.

No heart can even think of it.

And that links again to the idea of Jannah, being something hidden or unseen from those root letters, doesn't it? So, here I've said no human can imagine what heaven Jannah will be like or how wonderful the paradise will be.

So, let's do another check.

In which Muslim source of authority that we were just looking at, was it said that no one could imagine what heaven or Jannah would be like? Which one said that no one, no eye could see, no ear has heard and no heart could imagine? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, it was the Hadith.

So, let's do a practise task to see what we've learned then.

Explain myth and beliefs about heaven and hell.

And for each part of your answer, you should include a range of religious or specialist terms. And for at least one part of your answer, you should use the source of wisdom and authority.

It could be an exact or paraphrased quote or a general teaching from a named source.

And you should accurately apply this to the point in question, and your guidance is to give two points and develop them.

And for at least one of those points you should link to a source of wisdom and authority.

So, pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, some great work there.

Your answer may look something like this.

One Muslim belief about heaven is that it'll be a paradise like a garden where many rivers flow.

Muslims believe this because it says in the Qur'an that those who believe and do good deeds will have gardens beneath which rivers flow.

One Muslim belief about hell is that it'll be a painful place of punishment and torment.

In the Qur'an, hell is often called a fire or an abyss, showing it'll be hot and painful and also a vast and sad space.

Well done.

So, onto our second section then, influence of beliefs about the afterlife.

Sarah, Iqbal and Fatima are discussing how beliefs about the afterlife can influence their thoughts, beliefs, and actions and they're all Muslims. So, how are these beliefs about heaven and hell actually influencing our Muslims? Well, "They influence me to think about my actions more, I want to go to Jannah and avoid Jahannam." So, the fact that Sarah believes there is a heaven and a hell, means that she thinks more about her actions, so therefore it's an influence.

Iqba says, "They influence me to believe that family and loved ones who've died are in a good place, Jannah." So, Iqba believes that it means that he may see his family and loved ones again in Jannah and that they are going to a good place and that's a belief that he has, because of a belief in heaven and hell, to do with afterlife in Islam.

And Fatima says "They influenced me to complete certain actions like fasting to gain good deeds for Judgement Day." So, if you remember on Judgement Day, there'll be a book of deeds that's weighed up for Muslims of what their good deeds is versus their bad deeds.

And Fatima wants to build up that good deed side of her book to make sure that she can go to Jannah and not Jahannam.

So, the action of fasting to build those good deeds is an influence of the belief that she has in their being and afterlife and heaven and hell.

Beliefs about the afterlife are important and can influence a Muslim to perform special actions like pilgrimage to gain those good deeds.

A bit like we had with Fatima earlier with fasting, similarly, Muslims may choose to do a pilgrimage, for example, this one which is Hajj, which a pilgrimage to Mecca and around the cover here, that can help a Muslim to gain good deeds.

Or it could be that Muslims choose to read the Qur'an to know what choices to make.

So, the Qur'an is the revelation from Allah sent down to humans, means that humans can know what it is they need to do in order to get to Jannah, and thus obviously influenced by the beliefs of the afterlife.

Also, Muslims may pray more to ask for help to make the right choices, because they want to do the right thing and be strong against temptation to do the wrong thing.

And so by praying throughout the day they may feel stronger and able to make the right choices and to have that help to make sure that they do the right thing.

Time for a quick check, is this true or false? A belief in the afterlife, akhirah, may influence a Muslim to perform certain actions to gain good deeds.

Is this true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

That is true, well done.

So, now let's think about why is this belief in the afterlife so important to Muslims then? Well firstly, a belief in the afterlife can help make sense of life on earth, particularly when things seem unfair, when maybe good things happen to bad people or bad things happen to good people.

It can seem really unfair for us when we look at things happening around us in the world.

But the idea that there's an afterlife and that people will be fairly judged and rewards and punishments will be fairly given by God, kind of helps us to make sense of that and understand that they'll all be fair in the end.

And remember Al-'Adl, is a name for God, which means the just.

And it's a really important belief, particularly in sheer Islam in the justice of God.

Also, it helps to give a purpose to life on earth and for like why human life even exists in the first place.

That's quite a big philosophical question which I said we'd be philosophers today that actually is answered by the idea of there being an afterlife.

So, for Muslims, the whole point of human life on earth is it's a test to see how we do, do we make the right choices, do we do the right things? And then it means that in the afterlife we can be rewarded or punished for that.

So, that kind of makes sense for why there is this life on earth in the first place.

And finally, we could say that a belief in the afterlife is really important because that is an eternal thing.

Muslims believe the afterlife is for eternity.

So, compared to a human life which is much shorter in comparison, that shows how important it's gonna be as a belief, the afterlife is for eternity, but this life is finite, isn't it? For some Muslims, beliefs about the afterlife can be the most important beliefs that they have.

So, there's lots of different important beliefs in Islam and for some Muslims they might say, yeah, beliefs about the afterlife are the most important, of all those different beliefs, and Iqbal's gonna explain why.

Iqbal says, "My beliefs about akhirah, Jannah and Jahannam, are the most important beliefs in my religion because they shape everything else I believe and do.

This life is so short in comparison to eternal life in the afterlife.

I want to make sure I can spend that in Jannah and not go to Jahannam.

These beliefs are the reason I follow the example of the prophet Muhammad and why I read and follow the Qur'an.

So, for Iqbal, these beliefs about afterlife shape everything that he does and everything else he believes in his religion.

Let's do another quick check.

Is this true or false? A belief in the afterlife, akhirah is the most important belief for all Muslims. Is that true or false? Pause a video and have a think and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

That is false, isn't it? Even though that's what Iqbal said a minute ago, it's false because a belief in the afterlife is important in Islam and for some Muslims like Iqbal, it may be the most important belief, but other beliefs may also be important.

So, we can't say it's a belief for all Muslims as the most important.

So, time for another practise task to see what we've learned then.

Alex and Aisha are working on the question, explain why beliefs about heaven and hell are important in Islam.

You're going to expand on the explanations by filling in the missing parts.

Alex has a point here.

"Muslims believe this life is a test." You need to develop that.

And the source of wisdom and authority he's used is "Give good news to those who believe in do righteous deeds.

They will have gardens beneath which rivers flow." You can then say why that is important.

Aisha.

You need to work out what her point is.

She's developed it with "Heaven will be more amazing than anything anyone can imagine." You then need to add a source of wisdom and authority and then she has the importance, "It's a place where Muslims want to go." So, pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, some good thinking there.

So, Alex said, "Muslims believe this life is a test." And you could have developed this with, "If Muslims pass the test by believing in doing good deeds, they'll be rewarded in heaven." And the importance of this could be that "Muslims hope to be righteous and to go to heaven." Aisha's point could have been that Muslims believed Jannah, heaven will be a paradise." And the quote she could have used was "Allah said, I've prepared for my righteous slaves.

Such excellent things as no eyes ever seen, no ear has ever heard and no human heart can ever think of." Well done.

So, to our third section then, different perspectives on heaven and hell in Islam.

So, all Muslims believe there's some form of an afterlife, akhirah.

So, we said that it's in the Six Articles of Faith and the Five Roots of the Usul ad-Din.

It's a belief that all Muslim share that there is some form of afterlife.

But there may be some different perspectives on this within Islam, because whilst we're alive on earth, we cannot fully know what heaven and hell are like.

So, we just had that from the Hadith saying that we cannot know the pleasures of Jannah and heaven.

It's not even something any eye has seen or any heart can even think of.

So, we cannot know what they're like.

But the Qur'an and the Hadith can help us understand this.

So, the Qur'an does speak about it as does the Hadith.

So, those sources can help us begin to understand what heaven and hell might be like, but we can't fully know what they're like.

So, the Qur'an and the Hadith, can be interpreted in different ways.

So, as a text they're both accepted by Muslims as a source of authority, but a Muslim could read that and take a slightly different meaning from it, particularly to do with heaven and hell, when it's something that we cannot fully know ourselves now anyway.

So, therefore we do end up with some diversity of views within Islam.

So, there's a couple of areas where there's some diversity of views that is there within Islam around heaven and hell, and that's what we're going to think about together now.

So, one of those areas is the idea of there being different levels or stages of heaven and hell.

So, earlier on I spoke about this, that for both heaven and hell, the Qur'an speaks about there being seven levels.

And now some Muslims will read those depictions of heaven and hell in a literal way that there is literally seven different physical levels of heaven and hell, that they exist in some physical sense and there are seven different levels that people move through, or are put into as punishment or reward.

But other Muslims read those depictions of heaven and hell in a symbolic way.

And so those seven different levels are different types of punishment and reward.

It's a way of helping us understand there may be different punishments and rewards for different people for different amounts of time, but it doesn't necessarily mean that there's literally seven different physical levels of heaven and hell.

And these are both perspectives that are found within Islam, building on those teachings that are found in the Qur'an and the Hadith.

So, let's do a quick check.

How many physical stages of heaven and hell would a Muslim who takes a literal approach to the Qur'an, belief that there are? Pause the video and have a think and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done, it's seven.

So, the idea is there is seven different levels and someone who reads that literally will believe there are physically seven different levels of heaven and hell.

So, now Lucas, Laura and Alex, are gonna help us understand another area where there's some diversity of thought within Islam.

And this is to do with there being eternal punishment for Muslims who have done more sins than good deeds.

So, the idea is that Muslims are going to be faced with Allah on Judgement Day, and all the deeds that Alex has done will be weighed up in the book of deeds, and the good deeds and the bad deeds will weigh up against each other.

And if you've done more bad than good, then you're going to be going to hell or Jahannam.

Will that be for an eternal punishment? Let's see what Lucas, Laura and Alex have to say.

Well, Lucas asks, "If Allah is loving, then why would Allah send any Muslim to hell for eternal punishment?" So, Lucas is linking this to the nature of Allah as beneficent and loving.

And Laura says, "But if Allah is just, and some Muslims have done really bad things, then maybe they deserve it." So, that idea of the justice of God, or Allah is part of the nature of Allah.

And then Alex asks, "But if Allah is merciful, then there must be at least the chance for Muslims to get outta Jahannam or hell." So, Alex here is linking to the nature of Allah as merciful, this idea that perhaps Allah will be able to forgive some of those sins so that a Muslim will be able to get out of Jahannam or hell.

So, how could a Muslim respond to these questions then? Pause the video and have a think and we'll see what you've come up with in a moment.

Well, hell, Jahannam is not necessarily a place of eternal punishment for Muslims. Some Muslims may believe that it is, for those who have more bad deeds than good deeds, but many Muslims believe that if someone has faith, then they will be able to leave hell eventually, so maybe for a long period of time, but eventually they will be able to, 'cause you remember heaven and hell are places of eternal punishment and reward in Islam.

So, a source of authority that supports this is the Hadith.

And here's a Hadith which helps us with this.

"No one went to hell who has faith in his heart equal to the weight of a grain of a mustard seed." So, a mustard seed is very, very small.

So, the idea is if a Muslim has that much faith in their heart, then they will not enter hell.

And if they have entered hell, the idea is they will be able to leave eventually and be able to get to heaven or Jannah.

So, not all Muslims believe that hell or Jahannam, is a place of eternal punishment.

So, Rasool and Sarah are going to explain how they understand this below and they're both Muslims. Rasool says, "Allah is just Al-'Adl, which means that some Muslims need to be punished, but that doesn't mean the punishment has to be eternal.

They can be punished and then leave." And Sarah says, "Allah is merciful and kind, which means that Allah can forgive those who repent.

It would not be merciful to punish Muslims eternally.

Eventually they can leave." So, both Rasool and Sarah here are saying, that there may be some punishment for Muslims who've got more bad deeds than good deeds on Judgement Day, but it won't be for an eternity.

So, let's do another check.

Is this true or false? All Muslims believe hell is a place of eternal punishment for Muslims who have scales weighted with more sins than good deeds on Judgement Day.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and have a go and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

That is false, but why? While hell, Jahannam is a place of pain and punishment, but most Muslims believe that after punishment, those who had even a grain of faith in Allah will eventually enter heaven or Jannah.

And that's linked to that Hadith that we read earlier.

Well done.

So, time for another practise task to see what we've learned then.

Here we have Lucas and Laura who each made a point about life after death in Islam.

And they're both talking about the fact that there are different perspectives within Islam.

And for each point that they've given, you're going to give an explanation.

And Lucas says, "Not all Muslims believe there are literally seven physical stages of heaven or Jannah." And Laura says, "Not all Muslims believe that Muslims were punished in hell, Jahannam for eternity." So, for each of those, you're going to write an explanation.

Pause the video, have a go, and we'll see what you've done in a moment.

Well done for your thinking there.

So, for each point that Lucas and Laura made, I asked you to give an explanation.

And Lucas said, "Not all Muslims believe there are literally seven physical stages of heaven or Jannah." And you could have written, some Muslims interpret this in a symbolic way as different types of rewards.

And Laura said, "Not all Muslims believe that Muslims are punished in hell, Jahannam for eternity." And you could have said, as Allah is merciful, Muslims can eventually leave hell after being punished for their sins.

So, well done for your hard work there.

So, to summarise what we've learned today then about life after death and Islam.

Muslims believe that there's life after death and these beliefs are known as akhirah.

After people are judged by Allah, they will either go to heaven, Jannah, or hell, Jahannam.

These are described in the Qur'an and Hadith, and are described as having different stages.

Heaven is a place of pleasure and hell is a place of pain.

There's a diversity of views within Islam around the literal physical stages of heaven and hell.

And there's a diversity of views within Islam on the issue of hell being an eternal punishment for Muslims or not.

For some Muslims, beliefs about the afterlife may be the most important beliefs that they have.

So, well done for your hard work today, and I'll see you again soon.

Bye-bye.