Lesson video

Hello, everyone.

How are you today?

I hope you're feeling really good.

My name is Ms. Afzal, and I'll be your teacher for this lesson.

I'm feeling pleased about that because I think our topic is quite an interesting one.

We're looking at Henry III and the 1225 Magna Carta.

That's the title of our lesson.

Our lesson comes from the unit of work, Magna Carta: How did Magna Carta Survive?

So if you're interested in this topic, if you are ready with some focus, energy, and enthusiasm, we'll begin our lesson now.

The outcome for today's lesson is, I can explain how Henry III's leadership brought England to the verge of civil war.

I hope that sounds interesting to you.

We have some keywords in our lesson.

I'd like us to go through them one at a time, saying them out loud.

My turn, your turn.

Consensual.

Nobility.

Foreign nobles.

Native nobles.

Good to hear those keywords.

And now I'd like you to share with someone: Do you know what any of these keywords mean?

Have you heard of them before?

Pause here and share with someone nearby your understanding of these keywords.

Thanks for sharing your understanding of these keywords.

Let's find out what they mean.

Consensual is when there is a willing agreement of all the people involved and no one is forced to do anything.

Nobility are the group of people who have a high rank in the feudal system.

In this lesson, foreign nobles refers to the nobles who were perceived as belonging to France and not England.

In this lesson, native nobles refers to the nobles who were born in England.

So these are our keywords.

Consensual, nobility, foreign nobles, and native nobles.

Let's look out and listen out for them.

Let's think carefully about these keywords that will be coming up in our lesson today.

Today's lesson is called Henry III and the Magna Carta of 1225.

And it has two learning cycles: the 1225 Magna Carta, and Henry III's weak leadership and foreign nobles.

Let's begin by exploring the 1225 Magna Carta.

In early 1225, Henry was 17 years old, and the pressing question was, would Henry live by Magna Carta?

And here we can see an illustration of Henry III.

Pause here and share with someone any details you notice in this illustration.

Thanks for sharing what you noticed.

Henry agreed to reissue Magna Carta in 1225.

And here's a cartoon showing Henry III agreeing to the 1225 Magna Carta.

Pause here and share with someone any details you notice in this cartoon.

Such a lot going on.

Thanks for sharing what you noticed.

The 1225 Magna Carta was a consensual agreement between the monarch, the church, and the barons.

Pause here and share with someone.

Can you remember what our keyword consensual means?

Thanks for sharing.

Consensual is when there is a willing agreement from all people involved and no one is forced to do anything.

Perhaps that's what you said.

And so here we can see there's this consensual agreement between the monarch, represented by the crown, the church, represented by the cross, and the barons, we can see one on the left.

This agreement would benefit all freemen in the country.

And the diagram shows the monarch, the church, and the barons agreeing to the 1225 Magna Carta.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which one of the following correctly describes the 1225 Magna Carta?

A, it was a consensual agreement between the monarch, the barons, and the freeman.

B, it was a consensual agreement between the monarch, the church, and the barons.

Or C, it was a consensual agreement between the monarch, the Pope, and freeman.

Pause here while you decide.

Which one of these correctly describes the 1225 Magna Carta?

Well done if you selected answer B, indeed.

This one correctly describes the 1225 Magna Carta.

It was a consensual agreement between the monarch, the church, and the barons.

Let's have another check for understanding.

Select the correct option below to complete the sentence underneath.

So our two options are: genuinely tried, and only pretended.

And here's the sentence.

In the 1230s, Henry III to rule England, according to the Magna Carta agreement made in 1225.

So what did Henry do?

Did he genuinely try to rule, or did he only pretend to rule according to the Magna Carta agreement of 1225?

Pause here while you decide.

Well done if you selected genuinely tried.

Let's read the whole sentence.

In the 1230s, Henry III genuinely tried to rule England according to the Magna Carta agreement made in 1225.

And now it's time for your first task.

How would you persuade people that 1225 is the most accepted version of Magna Carta?

I'd like you to have a discussion around this.

So pause here while you draw on all that you've learned so far and discuss how you would persuade people that 1225 is the most accepted version of Magna Carta.

Enjoy your discussion task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

So how did you get on with that task of discussing how you would persuade people that 1225 is the most accepted version of Magna Carta?

Perhaps you said something like this.

Here's Alex.

"Henry III was not forced to seal Magna Carta 1225.

" And Izzy, "And it was a consensual agreement between the three most powerful groups in the land.

" Pause here and share with.

Can you remember who were those three powerful groups that made this consensual agreement of Magna Carta at 1225?

Well done if you said that the three most powerful groups in the land that made this consensual agreement were the monarchy, the church, and the barons.

They made the consensual agreement of Magna Carta in 1225.

And now it's time for our next learning cycle, Henry III's weak leadership and foreign nobles.

Henry III was a weak king who made naive and costly decisions.

Here's a photo of the extravagant north entrance to Westminster Abbey.

Henry III was very religious and ordered the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey at great expense.

Pause here and share with someone some details you notice about the architecture of Westminster Abbey which Henry III had rebuilt at great expense.

Thanks for sharing some of those details.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which personal characteristics caused problems for Henry III's rule?

Select two correct answers.

A, he didn't like to spend too much money.

B, he often thought he was above the Christian faith.

C, he was a weak military leader.

D, he was extravagant and got into debts.

Pause here while you decide which personal characteristics caused problems for Henry III's rule.

Select two of these answers.

Well done if you selected answers C and D, indeed.

Henry III was a weak military leader and he was extravagant and got into debts.

And these personal characteristics caused problems for Henry III's rule.

Let's have another check for understanding.

Why did some of the nobility believe that Magna Carta had left too much unsaid?

Before we go into the options, can you share with somebody, what does the keyword nobility mean?

Thanks for sharing.

Nobility are the group of people who have a high position in the feudal system.

So back to our question, why did some of the nobility believe that Magna Carta had left too much unsaid?

Choose from these options.

A, they believed the charter granted too many rights to the common people.

B, they thought the charter had gaps which the king could use to raise money for his reckless spending.

C, they thought the charter had limited the powers of the king too much.

Pause here while you decide why did some of the nobility believe that Magna Carta had left too much unsaid?

Well done if you selected answer B, indeed.

The nobility thought that the charter had gaps which the king could use to raise money for his reckless spending.

They believed that Magna Carta had left too much unsaid.

Henry began inviting nobles from France and gave them money and important positions in leadership.

And here we can see an illustration of a medieval king granting titles and land to the nobility in return for loyalty.

Pause here and share with someone some details that you notice in this illustration.

Thanks for sharing what you noticed.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Complete the sentence using the correct keyword.

Henry invited many and gave them land and important positions in leadership.

So pause here while you complete this sentence using one of our keywords.

Well done if you completed the sentence with the keywords foreign nobles.

Let's read the sentence in full.

Henry invited many foreign nobles and gave them land and important positions in leadership.

Let's have another check for understanding.

Why did the foreign nobles anger the native nobles and knights?

Select two correct answers.

Before you progress with this question, can you share with someone, what do these keywords mean, foreign nobles and native nobles?

Pause here and share with someone.

Thanks for sharing.

In this lesson, foreign nobles refers to the nobles who are perceived as being from France and not England.

And in this lesson, native nobles refers to nobles who were born in England.

So back to our question.

Why did the foreign nobles anger the native nobles and knights?

Select two correct answers.

Choose from the following: A, they felt the foreign nobles had no interest in ruling the kingdom.

B, they felt the foreign nobles were being favored with positions and land.

C, the foreign nobles built castles and collected taxes across the kingdom.

D, the foreign nobles built churches across England.

Pause here while you decide why did the foreign nobles anger the native nobles and knights.

Well done if you selected answers B and C, indeed.

The foreign nobles angered the native nobles and knights because they felt the foreign nobles were being favored with positions and land, and the foreign nobles built castles and collected taxes across the kingdom.

Well done if you selected these answers.

And now it's time for your next task.

Which two of the words listed below best describe Henry III.

And write one sentence to justify each of your choices.

So here are the words: wicked, weak, pious, strong, all-powerful.

Pause here while you choose two of these words that best describe Henry III and write a sentence to justify each of your choices.

We'll see you when you're finished.

It's good to be back with you.

Perhaps you chose the words weak and pious.

Let's read through the sentences.

Henry III was weak because his power was limited by Magna Carta and he was an ineffective military leader.

And Henry III was pious because he had great respect for Christianity, which he demonstrated by rebuilding Edward the Confessor's Westminster Abbey at great expense.

And now onto the next part of your task.

I would like you to explain in one or two paragraphs how Henry III's later kingship provoked anger.

In your answer, include as many of the following words as you can: weak, foreign nobles, native nobles, and nobility.

So pause here while you have a go at this task of explaining in one or two paragraphs how Henry III's later kingship provoked anger.

Enjoy your task, and I'll see you when you're finished.

So how did you get on with explaining in one or two paragraphs how Henry III's later kingship provoked anger?

Your answer may include something like this.

Henry III's later kingship was influenced by his weak and extravagant character which meant he made decisions that eventually provoked anger.

Early in Henry's reign, after Magna Carta was consensually agreed in 1225, it was a peaceful period in which Henry tried to follow the promises of the charter.

However, as Henry got older, he began to make decisions without thinking about the costs.

Henry was overly generous to foreign nobles whom he had invited from France, giving them money and important positions in leadership.

Some of these foreign nobles began building castles and collecting heavy taxes across the kingdom.

This angered the native nobles and knights who felt that the king favored the foreign nobles above them.

This created a division amongst the nobility, native nobles versus foreign nobles, and led to civil war almost breaking out in England.

Well done if you wrote about how Henry III's later kingship provoked anger in this way.

Well done for having a go at this task.

In our lesson Henry III and the Magna Carta of 1225, we covered the following: The 1225 Magna Carta was a consensual agreement between the king, the church, and the barons.

Early in Henry's reign, Henry tried to follow the promises of Magna Carta.

Henry was a weak military leader and got into huge debts.

Henry invited many foreign nobles who had not been born in England and gave them land and important positions in leadership.

The native nobles were angered by the arrival of these foreign nobles and their castle-building and tax collecting.

Well done, everyone, for joining in with this lesson.

I thought it was really interesting to explore the 1225 Magna Carta, this consensual agreement which started off well, and then seeing how Henry got himself into lots of debts with his excessive spending and giving away of land and money.

I hope you enjoyed this lesson.

I really enjoyed teaching you and look forward to seeing you at another lesson soon.

Bye for now.