Lesson video

Hi everyone, and welcome to a science lesson with me Miss.

Emms. In today's lesson, we're going to be answering the key question, how does the earth orbit and rotate? So that is the key question for today's science lesson.

You should already hopefully have completed two lessons in our space unit.

The first was thinking about what space is, and the second was all about the planet.

So if you haven't had a look at those lesson videos, then please do before you have a go at this lesson.

So let's begin.

You should already have done a start of lesson quiz.

So a quiz at the beginning of the lesson that helps you think about your learning from last lesson.

If you haven't done that already, can you exit the video, go back to the first activity and complete your end of lesson quiz, good luck.

Okay, so we're all ready to move on to what we're going to be doing next.

After that, we're going to think about the sun and have an introduction to what the sun is.

And then we're going to have a think about the earth's orbit.

And don't worry if you don't know what that word means yet.

We're going to look at it in our star words.

And then we're going to have a think about seasons and why we have different seasons.

And finally, after we've done all of that great learning, you're going to have a go at an end of lesson quiz.

Okay, everyone let's get started.

You're going to need an exercise book, or some paper, a pencil and your brain.

I'll show you what else you need further on through the lesson as we come towards our demonstration.

So pause the video, if you need to go and get any of those things.

Obviously, your brain is already there and it's already working hard.

Pause the video, if you need to get your exercise book or paper or your pens.

Okay everyone, so just a quick recap.

Last time, we learnt about all of the different planets and we learnt a special fact for each planet.

I wonder if we can go through and recap what we learnt together.

So Mercury, we learnt was very hot.

Venus, we learnt was very bright.

The earth we know is the planet that we live on.

Mars we learnt, is red.

Jupiter we learnt, is very big.

Saturn, we learnt, has a ring all the way around it.

Uranus we learnt, is a planet that spins on its side.

And Neptune, we learnt is very windy.

So those were are all special facts that we learnt for all of our planets.

Let's play a quick game.

Can you point to the planet that we live on? Good, pointing to earth.

Can you point to the planet that spins on its side? Uranus, this well done.

Can you point to the planet we learned amongst four that have a ring around them, we learnt has the really big ring around it? Saturn your right.

Can you point to the brightest planet or planet that's really bright? Venus, well done.

And the planet that's really hot, Mercury, well done.

Okay, and we also learnt a special way of remembering all the planets.

My very easy method just sums up now.

I wonder if you thought of a different way of remembering the names of all the planets, if you did can you say it to your screen now? Wow, well done.

Okay, let's move on to the beginning of our lesson.

So today we're going to be thinking about the sun and we're going to be thinking about the earth orbiting and rotating.

So let's go through our star words.

Are you ready? Star words, star words, star words.

The sun, your turn.

We're going to think about definition of the sun later on in the lesson.

The sun is a star, the next star word is orbit, your turn.

So orbit, when we talk about the earth orbiting the sun, we're talking about the earth moving around the sun.

Again, we'll come onto that later.

Axis, your turn, we've already thought about the word axis when we're thinking about the earth, I've just got a ball that's going to act as my earth the axis, almost straight, imaginary line that goes down the centre of the earth and it rotates on its axis.

Rotate, your turn, rotate means to spin and finally seasons, your turn.

Do you know any seasons that we have on planet earth? I can think of one, summer.

Can you think of any others? Right, winter, spring, autumn.

Amazing, okay, so let's have a think about the sun now.

Here's an image of the sun.

Sometimes you can see the sun.

At the moment where I am, it's quite sunny.

And we know that the sun is producing all of that light and that heat.

So the sun, we're going to read a little passage about the sun now.

I'm going to read it and what I would love is for you to follow my reading with your pointy thing, are you ready? The sun is a star.

It is the closest star to earth, the planet you live on.

The sun is very hot, show me a hot action.

Its warmth and light keeps plants and animals on earth alive, including you.

The sun, planets, moons and different kinds of space rocks are all part of our solar system.

Sun is at the centre of this solar system.

Okay, now I want you to pause the video and I want you to read that by yourself.

Off you go, pause now.

Amazing, well done.

Now I wonder if you could answer some quick retrieval questions based on that passage.

The first one is, what is the sun? The sun is a, it's a what? Tell your screen, the sun, you're right, the sun is a star, well done everybody.

And the next retrieval question is, why is the sun important in our solar system? Why is the sun important? The sun is important because, tell your screen.

Well done.

The sun is important, we have this here, its warmth and light keeps plants and animals on earth alive, including us.

That's why it's so important.

Its warmth and light keeps plants and animals on earth alive, including you and us.

Okay, so here's a picture of the earth.

And here, down the centre is what we call its axis.

Its axis, its axis, you need to imagine an imaginary line.

It's not a real line, but it goes down the centre of the earth and it's tilted.

You can see that it's not straight, it's on its side and the earth rotates, that means spins, that means on its axis.

So have a look at the image quickly and then I'm going to show you full screen.

So here's my earth, okay, I've just got the ball but I want you to imagine that this is the earth and its axis would go down the middle and it's the line.

So when we say it rotates, that means it's spins, it spins okay, through its central axis.

Now, back to our slides, there we go.

We know that it takes 24 hours for the earth to complete a full turn and it's axis, 24 hours.

And that's what we call a day.

So it takes 24 hours for the earth to complete one full turn on its axis, to complete a full rotation, a full, say the word, rotation.

So one rotation is equal to a day.

One rotation is a day well done.

Okay, our new concept, we're going to think today about the earth's orbit, as well as rotating on its axis 24 hours, that takes a day, the earths orbits the sun.

Can you say the keyword orbit? And that means it travels around the sun.

So there's not four earths, but this is to show you how it travels around.

So the sun is in the centre and the earth, orbits, travels or moves around the sun in a circle.

Can you get your pointy finger like this and do the action? Orbit, your turn.

I wonder if you can do your body like this.

Orbit, your turn, keep orbiting, orbit, orbit, well done.

And the sun is at the centre of that, so the earth orbits the sun.

Also, it spins on its axis as it's doing that.

Okay, so let's read this text together pointy fingers at the ready, who's got really fast finger? underneath the word earth, earth travels around the sun in a big circle called an orbit.

So the circle itself is called an orbit.

It's called an, amazing.

It takes a whole year, 365 days.

How many days? Which is a whole year, for earth to travel all the way around the sun.

A year on earth is the time it takes earth to orbit the sun.

So this process of orbiting the sun, completing a full orbit, takes 365 days, which is a year.

How long does it take to orbit the sun? A year, 365 days.

Quick question, how long does it take for the earth to orbit the sun? Tell me in days, 365 days, which is the same as a year, well done everyone.

And the final text that we're going to read about the earth's orbit is this one here.

So pointy fingers underneath.

The earth is always moving as it orbits the sun, show your action, it's also rotates, spins around like a top on its axis.

Okay, so does that as it's orbiting.

During the day it is light outside and you can see the sun, as the earth rotates, we've learnt this before in one of our previous lessons the place you are on the planet turns away from the sun.

That is when it gets dark outside.

As the earth keeps rotating, you soon see the sun again.

It takes earth one day and one night, 24 hours, to rotate all the way around on its axis.

So let me show you a demonstration to help you understand that piece of text.

Okay, so if we had our sun here.

At the moment, I'm not going to show it orbiting, I'm just going to show you it's rotation.

Okay, so if you imagine that this part, this little hole here is where we are on the earth.

When this part where we are is facing the sun, which is going to be my lamp, it can feel the light and the heat of the sun.

So it's daytime, daytime, and now you can see it's over there on the other side, so it's nighttime over here.

And what kind of time is over here on a different part of the earth? Daytime, nighttime for us and then daytime.

Nighttime, daytime, okay.

So, let's go back to our slide show.

Quick retrieval question.

How long does it take for the earth to rotate once on its axis? How many hours, tell your screen? 24 hours, one day and one night, well done.

When the earth rotates on its axis, when earth rotates on its axis, what does that change on earth? So what changes, tell your screen.

Good, night and day.

Okay, so when we're facing the sun, daytime, we're facing away from the sun, night.

Now, let's have a think about seasons.

This part is quite exciting.

We have four seasons on earth.

And we're going to think about two of them today.

Now when the earth rotates, it does so on a bit of a tilt.

It's tilted over like this.

So that means that different parts are facing the sun at different points around its orbit.

Okay, when it is summer where you live, your part of the earth is tilted towards the sun.

And when it is winter where you live, your part of the earth is tilted away from the sun.

And that's what gives us seasons.

Okay, we're not going to think about autumn and spring at the moment, summer and winter.

So when your part of the earth, wherever you are, is tilted towards the sun, then it is summer.

When it is tilted away from the sun it's winter.

For example, if we have a look at this part of the earth here, if you think about it here, here, here, and here, at different stages, it's tilted towards the sun and away from the sun.

When it's tilted towards the sun, it's summer, when it's tilted away from the sun, it's winter.

Okay, now I'm going to demonstrate that movement to you.

So you're going to need, if you were to have a go too, two things, quite simply.

If you've got the globe then great, you might not have a globe.

I don't have a globe, so I'm using a ball, this ball that I showed you before.

If you've got a lamp that is sort of spherical, then that's amazing, that will be like the sun.

Again, I haven't got one.

So I've just got a normal lamp like this.

That's going to act as my sun.

Pause the video now and go and get those things if you want to have a go as well, off you go.

Okay, fantastic, well done everybody.

Now it's my turn to show you.

So, going stop sharing my screen so you can see me again and you can see, you can see my sun and you can see my earth.

Now, what I want you to do is I want you to put the sun in the centre of the table.

If you've got a table in front of you, and what I'd like you to do is first of all, you're just going to start your earth rotating.

So can you do that now? Just start your earth, spinning on its axis, rotating.

Now, can you also add in, it's quite tricky, have a go, can you also add in the orbit? So moving around the sun, are you doing it? Well done, and quickly let's recap, how long does it take for the earth to rotate once on its axis? 24 hours, how long does it take for it to complete a full orbit? 365 days, which is a year.

So rotating on its axis at a tilt.

And moving around, orbiting the sun.

I'm going to go back onto our slides now.

I want you to have a go at doing that and think carefully about what you're doing as you're doing it.

Pause and have a go now.

Amazing, you might have noticed it's quite tricky to make your ball rotate on a tilt but remember, it's not rotating just like that.

It's rotating on a tilt like the image that we saw earlier in the lesson.

Okay, everyone, fantastic learning today.

Really very impressed.

I'm going to end with a couple of quick questions.

So I want you to discuss, you're going to say to your screen, will you think would happen if the earth did not rotate on its axis? Use the sentence down below.

So you're going to say, I think if the earth did not rotate on its axis, there would be.

Pause the video and tell your screen what you think.

You're right, if the earth did not rotate on its axis, there would be no night or day, there would be no night or day, amazing.

Now I want you to tell your screen what do you think would happen if the earth was not tilted? Remember what we said about the earth being tilted and where you are facing the sun or facing away from the sun.

I think if the earth was not tilted there would be, tell your screen, pause, tell your screen.

Great, if the earth was not tilted, there'd be no seasons.

That'd be strange, wouldn't it? Okay, and now after this, when I finish talking, it will be time for your end of lesson quiz.

You've done an amazing job today.

If you'd like to share any pictures of what you've learnt, you can ask your parent or carer show your work on Twitter, @OakNational with #LearnwithOak.

I'm feeling really proud of all of your great work.

You are amazing scientists.

Well done, everybody, and I will see you next time.

Bye everyone.