Lesson video

Hello there, and welcome to our second lesson about natural resources.

I am Mr. Pedroza, and in this lesson, we're going to tackle the following question.

How has the use of natural resources changed? In the previous lesson, we looked at what natural resources were, we looked at what they're used for, where we can find them.

And in our lesson today, we're going to have a look at how humans have used them over time, and how that's impacted the environment.

Now before we get there, make sure that you have taken our knowledge quiz.

If you're already done that, and did very will, awesome job.

If you think, "Oh, I could've done a little bit better." That's okay.

Watch the previous lesson, and then you can have another go.

So at this point, pause the video, and then restart once you're done.

Good luck.

Great job, guys.

Let's have a look at the lesson structure for today.

So today, we're going to begin with our star words.

We're going to begin with our key vocabulary, and we're going to recap the previous learning.

We're going to have a look at the world's population, and how that's changed over time.

We going to have a look at the impact on the natural resources, and how that's impacted the environment.

And then we'll end with our end of lesson quiz.

Things that you're going to need are your exercise book or paper.

You're going to need a pencil or pen, and your brain.

So if you need to go and get those things, go and get them now.

Pause the video.

And then when you come back, start the video.

Awesome job.

You were super quick.

Right.

Let's have a look at our star words.

Ready? Population.

Great job.

Population is the total number of people living in a country, city or other area.

The total number of people living in a country city, other area is called population.

Great job.

And then we have human overpopulation.

Great job.

Human overpopulation is when there are too many people, but the environment is the same with food, drinkable water and breathable air.

When there are too many people for the environment to sustain, that is referred to as human overpopulation.

Then we have consumption.

And consumption is the action of using a resource.

The action of using a resource is called consumption.

Great job.

Then lastly, we have projection.

My turn and your turn, projection.

Great job.

Projection is a guess of a future situation based on looking at the present situation.

So the guess of a feature situation based on looking at the present situation is called a projection.

Great job, guys.

Now, let's look at our previous lesson's learning.

In our previous lesson, we learned that natural resources are materials that are found in natural environment, that are useful to humans.

And most of these resources are unevenly distributed all around the world.

Now natural resource are exhaustible, which means that they will eventually run out.

They do not last forever.

And the more that we use these natural resources, the closer we get to that point where they're going to run out and we won't be able to use them.

Now, natural resources are really important because they are used to produce and to manufacture all of the products that we use.

And the price of these resources varies.

It changes depending on three things.

How rare they are, and how easy it is to extract them, their quality and demand.

And these resources are really valuable because they are an important source of income for many countries, especially developing ones.

So first true or false question.

Natural resources, an important source of income to many countries.

Is that true or is that false? Have a think, and then give an answer.

Off you go.

Great job, guys.

Let's have a look.

I hope you got this first question right.

Ready? Natural resources are an important source of income to many countries.

Is that true or is false? That is true.

Well done.

Remember that it's an important source of income to the developing countries.

Now let's have a look at the link between natural resources and the world's population.

Now, natural resources, they are essential to humans because they are the basis of their economy and society.

And without the use of natural resources, neither the economy or society would be able to function.

Now we have some natural resources which are essential for life, which without them, humans can not live.

So we got oxygen, food or water.

We have some other resources that we use to make our lives better.

So we have natural resources that we use in construction, natural resources that we use for the production of energy, and natural resources that we use in manufacturing.

And the rise in the world's human population has led to a rise in the use of natural resources.

So an increase in the world's population has led to an increase in our use of natural resources.

Let's complete the sentence.

So a rise the world's human population has led to a rise in the use of.

I don't know.

If you're not sure, go back and investigate.

So at this point, pause the video and then answer the question.

Let's have a look.

Ready? So a rise in the world's human population has led to a rise in the use of natural resources.

Great job, guys.

Well done.

So the larger the human population, the larger the need for natural resources, the more that we're using.

And remember natural resources are exhaustible, which means eventually they're going to run out.

Now let's learn a little bit about the world's population.

This graph shows you the size of the world's population of the last 12,000 years.

Now let's have a look at the beginning.

Here we got.

Let's go back to 10,000 BCE, which is said to be when the first human civilizations rose.

And they rose in Mesopotamia, in the fertile crescent, which is in the Middle East.

And at that time, in 10,000 BCE, when humans first settled into communities, and they moved away from their hunter-gatherer lifestyle, there was only around 4 million people, which is around half the size of the population of London.

So not a lot of people around the world.

And you can see that the human population didn't increase by a lot for a very, very long time.

And the average growth rate from 10,000 BCE to 1700 AD was just 0.

04% per year.

So really small increase in the size of the world population.

By the time of Jesus' birth in zero BCE, there were only around 190 million people around the world.

You can see that there have been some declines in the world population, and that has tended to be either due to war or major catastrophic events, such as the Black Death pandemic in Europe, which killed around 200 million people.

Now, the world's human population first reached 1 billion in the year 1800.

It doubled to 2 billion in 1928, and has seen a marked increase to the point where we are today, where there are around 7.

8 billion people around the world.

So you can see that the world's human population, it didn't grow by much for a very long time.

And then once we got to the mid 18th century, it began to increase exponentially.

So why was that? Well, I have the answer.

So since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the mid to late 18th century, the world's human population has risen exponentially.

And that is for three things.

So in the Industrial Revolution, there was some advances in medicine which led to a lower mortality rate.

So less people dying as a consequence of preventable diseases and illness.

So for example, smallpox.

And also there was some technological advances which led to an increase in agricultural productivity, which meant there was more access to food, more food could be grown, more people could have access to it.

And this increase in agricultural productivity is sometimes referred to as the Green Revolution.

So three factors behind the rise of the human populations is that mid 18th century.

So advances in medicine, which led to a lower mortality rate, and an increase in agricultural productivity.

Keep that in your head because you're going to need it for this slide.

So let's have a look at these questions.

So first one is a true or false question.

So the world's population first reached 1 billion in the year 1900.

Is that true or is that false? second one is what three factors allowed for an increase in the human population? A, I got some pictures that hopefully you can use to rejog your memory.

If not, that's fine.

go back in the video, and look for those answers.

So at this point, pause the video, and then have a go at answering those questions.

Awesome job.

Let's have a look.

Ready? Number one, the world's population first reached 1 billion in the year 1900.

No, that is false.

There world's population first reached 1 billion in the year 1800.

What three factors led to the rise in the human population? So advances in medicine, which led to a decrease in the mortality rate.

So less people dying as a consequence of disease and illness.

And an increase in agricultural productivity, which meant there was more food available.

So at this point, pause the video so you can take or fix your work.

Great job, guys.

Well done.

Now.

Let's have a look at this graph.

So this graph shows you the human population since the mid 1800s, mid 18th century, sorry.

And it shows you the annual growth rates.

So at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, it's set to be around 1750.

And you can see that the world population, which around 1 billion in 1802, I believe is.

And then it's continued to increase to the point where we are today.

So in 2020, the human population is around 7.

8 billion.

The projection is that it's going to continue to increase.

And by the year 2100.

So in around 80 years time, it will be 11.

2 billion people.

So that's an increase of 3.

4 billion in 80 years.

Now, the annual growth rate of the world population, since the Industrial Revolution, it first decreased.

And then it showed a marked increase, a marked rise, and it reached this peak in 1968 where the annual growth rate was 2.

1%.

Since 1968, the annual growth rate in the world population has shown a steady decline.

And that has been due to lower fertility rates around the world.

So people have less children.

In some countries, the fertility rate is a little bit lower.

So the annual growth rate in that population is higher.

In some countries, it's a little bit lower.

But overall, the annual growth rate since 1968 has gone down, and it's continuing to go down.

So just to recap, the annual growth rate was 2.

1%.

That was the highest it's ever been.

Since then, it's gone down.

And the projection is that there will be 11.

2 billion people by 2100, so in 80 years time.

So let's have a look at this question.

Here, we got four terms. We got Industrial Revolution, 2.

1%, 2100 and 1968.

Those four words fit somewhere in the sentences.

Have a go.

Remember, go back to the previous slide, if you need to.

Have a go, and then when we come back, we will mark it together.

Good luck.

Right.

Let's see how you did.

You're ready? So since the Industrial Revolution, the world's population has been increasing every year.

The peak annual growth rate of 2.

1% was reached in 1968 and has been declining ever since.

It is projected that the human population will reach around 11.

2 billion by the year 2100.

Excellent job, guys.

Give yourselves a pat on the back.

I'm going to pause the video now so you can take off extra work.

Great job, guys.

Now.

what impact is this having on natural resources? So the rise in the human population has led to a rise in the use of natural resources.

And our use of natural resources by extraction.

So for activities like mining, logging, but also fishing and farming have led to a steady erosion of the environment.

In addition to that, products that are manufactured by humans using natural resources such as plastic are also negatively impacting the environment.

So in these two graphs, here you can see a rise in the human population.

Here, you can see a similar rise in the use of natural resources.

This one goes from 1970.

You can see there's a steady increase in the use of natural resources.

So these two, what I want you to get into your head is that they're linked.

So the rise in the human population has led to a rise in the use of natural resources.

And unfortunately, this has an impact on the environment.

So here I want you to complete these two sentences.

So we got, the rise in the human population has led to a in the use of natural resources.

And then the second one, the rise in the use of natural resources has had an impact on the.

Three options, environment, natural resources, and an increase.

Stop the video, have a go.

And then when we come back, we'll mark it together.

Great job.

Okay.

Let's have a look.

Ready? So the rise in the human population has led to an increase in the use of natural resources.

And the rise in the use of natural resources has had an impact on the environment.

Great job, guys.

Now, let's continue.

Let's have a look at what impacts our use of natural resources is having.

So remember, the modern economy requires us to use natural resources.

And the extraction of natural resources alongside overpopulation, which is when there are too many people for the environment to sustain, has a considerable impact on the environment through these six things that we're going to remember.

So we've got deforestation, which refers to a decrease in forest areas around the world.

And sometimes these forests are cleared either for logging or for making more land available to farming and grazing.

Let me go on.

Desertification, which is the process of land turning into desert as the quality of soil declines in time.

We also have unfortunately, extinction of species.

So species becoming extinct when the habitats are cleared away.

Then we got greenhouse gas increase, and this is primarily driven by the extraction and the use of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and gas.

This has been linked to global warming.

We also have ozone depletion, which is a gradual thinning of the world's ozone layer which protects the Earth from the sun's potentially harmful UV rays.

And lastly, we got soil erosion, which is the removal of the most fertile top layer of soil through water, wind or tillage.

So we've got deforestation, desertification, extinction of species, greenhouse gas increase leading to global warming.

We have ozone depletion, and we have soil erosion.

So in this task, it's a really fun task, You're going to match the effects to their simple definitions.

So on the left hand side, you got the effect.

So deforestation, desertification, extinction, ozone depletion, and soil erosion.

And then on the right hand side, you got the simple definition.

Match them up, draw a line.

When we come back, we'll mark it together, Have fun.

Okay.

Let's mark it together.

Are you ready? So number one, deforestation.

That is decrease in forest areas.

Great job.

Desertification is land turning into desert.

Extinction means species becoming extinct.

Ozone depletion means the thinning of the ozone layer.

And soil erosion is the removal of the top layer of soil, the most fertile layer of soil.

So at this point, pause the video so you can take off extra work.

Awesome job, guys.

You are working super hard.

Let's keep going.

Now.

let's look at three things that are interlinked.

So we got deforestation.

We got desertification.

We got extinction of species, and soil erosion.

So deforestation, which is the removal of trees, it's an example of a process by which the human use of natural resources can have a negative effect on the environment.

Deforestation occurs for several reasons, primarily for the purposes of commercial logging, as well as clearing land for farming and mining.

Now, deforestation for farming purposes tends to affect the fertility of the soil.

Farmers who are unable to afford fertilisers tend to simply move on, and clear more land away.

This often leads to soil erosion, which is when the soil is left bare making this susceptible to blow away.

So we got deforestation that often leads to soil erosion, when farmers just move away, and they clear a new patch of forest.

When the soil is blown away, the land becomes totally useless for grazing and growing crops, and that causes desertification.

And desertification is the process of land turning into desert as the quality of the soil declines over time.

Now, deforestation also destroys the habitats of many species of plants and animals leading to the possible extinction of certain species.

So we've got deforestation, which is when forests are cleared away.

And sometimes they're cleared away for logging, for mining, for farming.

When deforestation occurs, sometimes this leads to soil erosion because farmers simply.

They didn't have the money to afford fertiliser.

So instead, they go into a new patch of land.

The quality of the soil reduces over time that in turn becomes desertification.

And that land now turns into a desert, which is useless for grazing and it's useless for growing crops.

Also the deforestation leads to the destruction of habitats of many animals and species, and then leads to their possible extinction.

So in this one, you got to choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

So it's going to be one or the other.

In number four, you going to have to pick between three possible options.

So at this point, pause the video.

Have a go.

And then when we come back, we'll mark it together.

Right.

Let's have a look.

You're ready? So deforestation is the removal of trees.

Great job.

Deforestation for farming purposes tends to reduce the fertility of soil, so how productive it is.

Soil erosion makes it susceptible to be blown away.

Remember that soil erosion leads to desertification.

Great job.

And deforestation can often result in the destruction of the habitats of many species of animals and plants potentially leading to their extinction.

Great job.

So we've got trees, fertility, blown away and extinction.

Pause the video, mark your work.

Amazing job, guys.

Well done.

Now, let's have a look at another impact on the environment that the extraction of natural resources is having.

So the ozone layer is responsible filtering out the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

And due to the manufacturer of certain chemicals and their release into the atmosphere, a hole in this layer appeared.

By the 1970s, there was an agreement of the need to tackle this problem, leading to the Montreal Protocol, which was ratified in 1987.

And this led to a ban on the production and the use of ozone-depleting chemicals.

Since then, the ozone layer has gradually recovered.

So the ozone layer is really important because it protects the Earth and its inhabitants from the harmful UV rays.

There were some chemicals, including chlorine, which were being released in the air through the use of manufacturing.

And this led to a hole in the ozone layer appearing.

As a result, lots of governments got together.

And in 1987, they ratified the treaty which banned the production of any chemical that is harmful to the ozone layer.

And since then, the ozone layer has began to gradually recover.

So answer this question.

The Montreal Protocol bans the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals.

When was it ratified? Think about when was it ratified.

I know that you know it.

Pause the video now just to make sure.

Off you go.

Okay.

Ready? I know you're trying to tell me ready.

So the Montreal Protocol bans the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals.

When was that ratified? It was ratified in.

It was ratified in.

1987.

Well done, guys.

Awesome job.

Now, let's have a look at the last one.

Greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

This one is about global warming.

Greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere ensure that it's warm enough to support life.

Without them, the planet would be about 18 degrees cooler on average than it is now.

So greenhouse gases, such as vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane, they actually keep the Earth at a warm enough temperature for human life to exist.

However, human activities such as the destruction and use of fossil fuels, farming and deforestation, have led to a marked increase in the amount of greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere.

And there is a strong consensus or there is a strong agreement among scientists that the increase in carbon dioxide levels is also linked to rise in the Earth's average temperature.

This is known as global warming.

So you can see here, in these two graphs, that there's been an increase in the percentage of CO2, so carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since the beginning of the 18th centuries, sorry.

And then Industrial Revolution cut around 1750.

So there's been an increase since then.

And then this graph shows you that there's been a steady increase in the average temperature around the world.

And so what scientists believe is that.

Oh, well, that means that the more greenhouse gases there are in the atmosphere, the hotter our planet is going to get.

And global warming is a serious problem because it has an effect on the environment, which includes the melting of the ice caps, which leads to a subsequent rise in sea levels, patterns of rainfall changing, which produces floods and droughts and the subsequent change of habitats.

So here we go.

Four questions, sorry.

So question number one is, without greenhouse gases, Earth would be cooler on average.

Name two human activities that contribute to the rise of greenhouse gases.

Number three is, what is the rise of Earth's average temperature referred to as? And name three effects of global warming.

Read the text, answer the questions.

Try to answer them in full sentences.

And then once you're done, come back, and we'll mark it together.

Off you go.

Good luck.

Right.

Let's have a look at the answers.

You're ready? I'm ready.

So without greenhouse gases, Earth would be be 18 degrees cooler on average.

Number two, name two human activities that contribute to the rise of greenhouse gases.

So human activities have contribute to the rise of greenhouse gases are the extraction and use of fossil fuels, farming and deforestation.

Number three, what is the rise of Earth's average temperature referred to as? So the rise in Earth's average temperature is known as global warming.

Number four, name three effects of global warming.

So effects of global warming include the melting of the ice caps, the subsequent rise in sea levels, patterns of rainfall changing, which produces floods or droughts, and the subsequent change of habitats.

Again, pause over there, so you can take or fix those answers.

Awesome job, guys.

I am so impressed.

Thank you so much for all your hard work today.

That was the end of our lesson today.

Great job.

Guys, now it's time to complete your end of lesson quiz.

Remember, it's really important to do your end of lesson quiz, because it's going to keep all of the information that we just learned inside your brain.

Well, hopefully.

In our next lesson, really excites me, we're going to go to my home continent in South America, and we going to go to the country of Chile, and we're going to find out what natural resources we can find in that country.

But that will be in our next lesson.

I hope you join me then.

Guys, thank you so much for working really hard in this lesson.

I really enjoyed myself.

I hope you learned lots.

Have fun, and I shall see you next time.

Bye.