Lesson video

Hi there.

Welcome to your lesson.

Today's lesson is on the physical, emotional, and social aspects of health, and this is part of the Health and performance and Health, fitness, and well-being unit of your GCSE PE exam team.

By the end of today's lesson, I'm hoping that we can explain the physical, emotional, and social benefits of exercise and discuss the relationship between health and fitness.

Our keywords today, health, which is a state of emotional, physical, and social wellbeing.

Fitness, which is your ability to meet the physical demands placed on you by the environment.

Physical health means all body systems are working well, free from illness and injury.

And emotional health means that you can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.

And social health means basic human needs are being met, such as food, shelter, and clothing, and the individual has friendship and support, some value in society, and is socially active and has little stress in social circumstances.

Today's lesson is split into four parts.

In the first part, we're going to explain physical health benefits of exercise.

I'm sure you already know lots of physical health benefits of exercise, as this is often the one that people talk about or see the most.

For the second part of today's lesson, you're going to explain the emotional health benefits of exercise.

And in the third part of the lesson, we're going to explain the social health benefits of exercise.

In the final part of today's lesson, you're going to look at data and analyze data about health, fitness, and wellbeing.

Let's get started.

So, good health refers to a complete state of physical wellbeing, emotional wellbeing, and social wellbeing.

Now, Jun says that being free of disease doesn't necessarily mean a person is truly healthy.

Would you agree with Jun? So what is physical health? Physical health means that all body systems are working well, free from illness and injury, and good physical health often links to healthy lifestyle choices like a balanced diet, adequate amount of sleep, and enough exercise.

Taking part in regular exercise has lots of physical health benefits, and these include decreasing the risk of injury, the risk of coronary heart disease, lowering blood pressure, decreasing the risk of obesity, decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, but also increasing bone density, posture, and the components of fitness.

These are all physical health benefits of exercise on the body.

Let's have a go at a check.

True or false? Good health means being free from disease.

That's false.

Can you tell me why? Good health refers to a state of complete physical, emotional, and social wellbeing.

Being free from disease refers only to physical wellbeing, and we want to talk about health altogether.

So if we're talking about health, we are talking about physical, emotional and social wellbeing.

Okay, let's have a look at some examples of how exercise can really benefit our physical health.

One way it benefits our physical health is it improves our components of fitness.

But can you remember all 11 components of fitness? Well done if you remembered muscular endurance, aerobic endurance, reaction time, strength, agility, coordination, speed, balance, power, and flexibility.

Regular exercise can improve all components of fitness.

Regular exercise can also improve physical health by increasing bone density and improving posture.

So for example, Jun's talking about when his nan started walking more, she became stronger on her feet and didn't have any falls.

So, people that sit down and have a sedentary lifestyle often lose their bone density and often would have a really bad posture.

Sometimes you see them really rounded shoulders, whereas people that are active, and that doesn't necessarily mean playing sport, it just means exercising, like Jun's nan, you could be just simply walking or swimming or weightbearing, doing some kind of exercise can really help to improve bone density and improve posture.

Regular exercise can also help reduce health risks such as heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and some injuries.

For example, if we think back to the increased bone density, bones becoming stronger and harder means that we are able to have less breaks.

So if someone isn't doing a lot of exercise and they have quite brittle bones and they maybe bang their knee on the table, then they're more likely to get more serious injury than someone that is regularly exercising and has really strong bone density.

It is also believed that someone who regularly exercises is likely to recover from an illness or an injury quicker than someone who doesn't exercise.

So the body is able to cope better if it does get ill or injured if the physical health is used to, if the body, is used to lots of exercise.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

Which is a physical health benefit of exercise? Is it A, you have increased confidence about lifting weights? Is it B, going running helps to relieve stress? Is it C, exercising with friends is fun? Or is it D, swimming helps to improve posture? It's D.

Swimming helps to improve posture.

That's a physical health benefit.

They are all benefits to exercise on our health, but exercising with friends is a social benefit and going running to help relieve stress and increase confidence are both emotional health benefits.

So well done for spotting that improving posture is a physical health benefit of exercise.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go at a practice task.

Alan is a 36-year-old man.

He spends most of his day sat down at work and currently doesn't do any exercise, but would like to start going to the gym.

Describe the physical health benefits for Alan if he went to the gym.

Okay, so you were asked to describe the physical health benefits for Alan if he went to the gym.

You might have written something along these lines.

"If Alan begins going to the gym, he can significantly improve components of his fitness such as cardiovascular endurance, strength, and flexibility.

By engaging in regular exercise, Alan will improve his posture and his bone density will improve, meaning he is less likely to get injured.

In addition, regular gym workouts can help Alan reduce health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle such as heart disease, obesity, and high blood pressure.

A sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle that has very little physical activity and means you're sat down for a long period of time." So I'm hoping that you've written something along those lines that's mentioned how his components of fitness have improved, he's less likely to get injured, and he's less likely to have associated health risks such as heart disease or obesity.

So well done if you put something along those lines.

Okay, we're going to move on to the second part of today's lesson, and we're going to look at explaining the emotional health benefits of exercise.

So what is emotional health? That's what Izzy's asked.

Do you know what emotional health is? So emotional health is how someone thinks and feels and how well they can cope with the ups and downs in life.

People with good emotional health are in control of their emotions and can deal with challenges, and as IZzy's mentioned, emotional health can also be called mental health.

Emotional health and mental health mean the same thing.

So taking part in physical activity and sport can improve emotional health by relieving stress and tension, providing enjoyment, providing a feel-good factor, increasing self-esteem and confidence, and improving self image.

We'll go into those in a little bit more, but let's just check about our understanding of emotional health.

True or false? People with good emotional health are able to control their emotions.

It's true.

Can you tell me why? "People with good emotional health are able to control their emotions and deal with challenges more effectively." So yes, that's why it's true.

Okay, Izzy's asked, "How do you feel emotionally after you take part in physical activity?" Do you feel good? Do you feel happy? Do you feel sad? Do you feel angry? Most people take part in physical activity to feel good and have fun, because they enjoy physical activity.

When people exercise, a feel-good chemical called serotonin is released in the body.

Physical activities can also be a distraction from problems or stresses caused by everyday life.

When we exercise, the brain produces endorphins that are natural feel-good chemicals.

And this is why sometimes people say that doing exercise helps to relieve stress because of the serotonin and endorphins and the feel-good factor that comes from taking part in exercise.

Izzy's mentioned that exercise can help her cope with things in life when they are tough.

I wonder if you could think of some things that may be stressful for you that maybe exercise might help to overcome.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

Which chemicals are known as feel-good hormones that are released after exercise? Is it A, serotonin? Is it B, cortisol? Is it C adrenaline? Or is it D, endorphins? I'm hoping that you remembered serotonin and endorphins as the correct answer.

Well done if you got those correct.

So exercise often provides both physical and an emotional challenge, and completing challenges helps someone to improve their self-esteem, confidence, and feel good about themselves.

Can you think of any physical or psychological challenges in sports? There are lots, and here's an example that Izzy's mentioned.

"One example is completing a marathon.

Running 26.

2 miles is physically very tough, but also psychologically very challenging to keep going for that whole distance.

However, imagine how you would feel if you completed it." So again, you would improve your self-esteem and confidence by completing and overcoming a challenge that was physically and psychologically very tough.

For some people, sometimes just getting up and going to the gym is a psychological challenge, and therefore overcoming that and just getting themselves to do some kind of physical activity is enough of a challenge, and that's okay, but it still helps to improve their self-esteem and confidence.

Again, people that maybe want to join a new team or join a new sport, by overcoming that challenge and joining a new sport and having fun, they improve their self-esteem and confidence.

So exercise really helps to improve mental health that way.

Seeing improvements in your physical health can also improve your self-image.

As Lucas has mentioned, when his mum joined CrossFit, she became toned and she felt more comfortable wearing different clothes.

So even though she improved her physical health, she felt good about herself and felt good about the way she looked, improved her self-image.

And Izzy's mentioned, when his dad lost weight from running, he felt more comfortable doing new things, again, as a result of the physical health improving and her dad losing weight, his mental health also improved as he had a better self image of himself.

So which of the following is not an emotional health benefit to exercise? Is it A, improved self image? Is it B, improved body composition? Is it C.

to relieve stress? Or is it D, to improve self-confidence? I'm hoping that you noticed it was B, improved body composition, because improved body composition would be meaning improved the muscle tone or reducing the amount of body fat on the body.

And you can see that the others are all examples of emotional health benefits.

So the correct answer there is B, improved body composition.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go at a practice.

Ava is part of the school hockey team.

Today, she's feeling really stressed because she didn't do very well in a maths test.

She's told the PE teacher she doesn't want to play in the hockey match.

Explain why playing in the hockey match might help Ava's emotional health.

You may wish to pause the video now to give you time to answer the question.

So you were asked to explain why playing in a hockey match might help Ava's emotional health, and maybe you've written something along these lines.

"Physical activity releases endorphins, which can help improve her mood and make her feel more positive.

By focusing on the game, Ava can take her mind off the test and let go of some of the worries she's been holding onto, which may leave her feeling more relaxed and less anxious.

Participating in a match could boost Ava's self-esteem and confidence, especially if she performs well or enjoys her time on the field.

The enjoyment and sense of accomplishment that comes from playing could make her feel better overall.

Engaging in a team activity also provides an emotional challenge, which can be rewarding." So, she improves her mood, releases endorphins, releases the stress and tension and worries that she's been holding onto, boosts her self-esteem and confidence, and also there's a feeling of emotional challenge and accomplishment which could be rewarding as well.

So well done if you've touched upon all of those points.

We're now going to move on to the third part of today's lesson.

We're going to explain the social health benefits of exercise.

So Aisha's asked, "What is social health?" So social health is the ability to interact with others, adapt to social situations, and form relations to feel a sense of belonging.

Taking part in physical activity and sport can help improve social health by giving a sense of belonging, developing friendships, and reducing loneliness.

We'll talk a bit more about those in more detail after we've just had a quick check to make sure we understand what social health means.

Can you tell me who is correct? Aisha said, "Physical health is how well someone can cope with the ups and downs of life," whereas Jun said, "Emotional health means being free from disease," and Izzy said, "Social health is the ability to interact with others." Who is correct? Izzy's correct, because she's correctly describing social health, whereas Jun is describing physical health, not emotional health, and Aisha is describing emotional health, not physical health.

Okay, so many sports and physical activities are sociable, and working in groups or teams regularly and sometimes in challenging situations can help to improve cooperation and teamwork skills such as communication, active listening, trust, and compromise.

And these skills all help to build relationships and friendships within the sport or physical activity itself, but also outside of the physical activity.

Taking part in physical activities that you enjoy also helps you meet people with similar interests who you may not have met before.

Therefore, taking part in sport and physical activity helps to build and develop friendships and socially mix with other people face-to-face.

For example, at school you might get put in certain classes with other people who you might not necessarily get on with, but if you have a hobby or an interest in a sport and you go join a club outside of school, you might meet people that have that similar interest.

So, that's a real benefit of exercise is it improves your social circle and usually leads you to people that have similar interests as yourself, so you have a lot in common.

Also, at the moment, people often interact with each other online through smartphones or through social media, whereas exercise actually provides an opportunity for people to be social face-to-face and actually have that physical contact and physical face-to-face communication, which is really important benefit of exercise for health.

So, some people are at risk of becoming lonely and therefore building bonds through physical activity in sport can be really beneficial.

In 2022, 49.

63, nearly 50% of adults, which is over 25 million people, reported feeling lonely.

So 50% of adults report that they feel lonely.

So what types of people do you think might be more at risk of being lonely? Perhaps elderly people who might have lost loved ones and therefore live by themselves.

Or perhaps people like single parents who might spend a lot of time with their children, but when their children go to bed, they might not have as many people to socialize with.

So there are lots of people that might be at risk of being lonely, and sport or exercise is a good place for them to come in order to improve their social health.

Being part of a team or club gives someone a sense of belonging and helps to improve their social health.

And often, being part of a club or team doesn't just mean playing sport with those people.

For example, Aisha has mentioned that it could involve building friendships, socializing out of training, so maybe going for food after training or maybe going to do other activities together with the team, traveling together, or attending awards evening together, again, helps to build those relationships.

So it's not just the friendships that occur on the pitch or in that class, it's a wider friendship that actually contributes to the wider life and the wider social health as well.

Okay, let's have a go at a check.

Which is a social health benefit to exercise? Is it A, improved cooperation? Is it B, improved body composition? Is it C, improved aesthetic appreciation? Or is it D, improved self-confidence? That's right, it's A, improved cooperation.

So improving skills like active listening, communication, and trust and compromise are all qualities that help your cooperation skills and help you be a better team player.

Well done if you got that right.

Okay, now it's your turn for a practice task.

Can you list one social health benefit of taking part in sport? And for a sport of your choice, can you describe two other social benefits of taking part? You may wish to pause the video now in order to write down your answer.

So you were asked to list one social health benefit of taking part in sport.

You may have said giving a sense of belonging, developing friendships, and reducing loneliness.

Well done if you got those right.

And then you were asked, for a sport of your choice, describe two other social benefits of taking part.

So here I've used the example of basketball.

"In basketball, there are numerous social benefits to taking part.

The sport requires strong cooperation and teamwork skills, as players must communicate and work closely with one another to achieve their goals.

As friendship forms on a court, players gain a supportive community, helping them feel valued and included.

Also, learning to compete with a positive attitude, whether winning or losing, encourages respect and resilience, teaching players how to handle success and setbacks constructively." So I'm hoping that you've talked about giving a sense of belonging and reducing their chance of loneliness as well as providing friendships and a supportive community.

Well done if you've talked about any of those things.

So for the final part of today's lesson, we're going to analyze data about health, fitness, and wellbeing.

So data are facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.

Analyzing data about health, fitness, and wellbeing helps to understand what aspects of health exercise can improve.

Data can be presented as numbers or graphs.

So this table below, the data below, shows the percentage of participants that went running according to the type of health benefit.

So, 64% went running for physical health benefits, 34% went running for emotional health benefits, and 2% went running for social health benefits.

So what was the most popular benefit of running for participants? The correct answer was physical.

A 64% of participants went running for physical benefits.

What was the least popular benefit of running for participants? Yeah, it was social, as only 2% of participants went running for social health benefit reasons.

Could you suggest a reason for this data? So, running can be done individually, so would not involve interacting with others.

So perhaps that's why only 2% of people said that they would run for social benefit reasons.

Maybe the rest of the people tended to go running by themselves for physical and emotional health benefits.

So running is an individual sport, so maybe not as good at developing social health.

Okay, this graph below shows the main reasons a group of elderly people do crown green bowling.

What was the most popular reason to participate? The most popular reason was reduces loneliness.

And we know that because reduced loneliness was the yellow section, and we can see that nearly half of the data is the yellow section, so therefore that was the biggest reason.

Why might elderly people feel lonely? Often, elderly people can live by themselves and not get out as much due to lack of transport or ability.

So therefore, they might be at risk of feeling more lonely.

Well done if you mentioned one of those.

Following BMI testing, a doctor's surgery found the following data.

How many people were within weight category? Yep, 11 people.

You can see that the within weight column goes past 10, but doesn't reach 12.

So therefore, 11 people were within the weight category.

How many people were overweight, obese, or extremely obese? So here you had to add the numbers of three columns together, of overweight, which was six, plus obese, which was 10, plus extremely obese, which was four.

Therefore, 20 people fell into that category altogether.

What might the doctor suggest? That people in those categories could do more exercise, or you may have mentioned diet, the fact that they might eat a more balanced diet as they are in an unhealthy category.

Okay, now it's your turn to have a go at a task.

The graph below shows a number of students diagnosed with a mental health condition in a school.

For part one of the task, I would like you to have a go at analyzing the data.

And Lucas has reminded us that to analyze data, we need to try and find trends or patterns.

We need to make comparisons between categories such as ages or genders.

For the second part of the task, I'd like you to suggest how increasing the physical activity and sport provision at the school could improve that data.

You may wish to pause the video now to give yourself time to complete the task.

So for the first part of the task, you were asked to analyze the data, and you may have said something along these lines.

Mental health diagnosis increases as students get older for both boys and girls.

In every age group, girls have more mental health diagnoses than boys.

Overall, girls have more diagnosed mental health conditions than boys.

For the second part of the task, you were asked to suggest how increasing the physical activity and sport provision at the school could improve that data.

You might have said something along these lines.

Getting more exercise and sports in school could really help students reduce stress and anxiety.

Physical activity boosts feel-good chemicals in the brain, which can make students feel happier, calmer, and less stressed.

Taking regular breaks to move around also gives students time away from schoolwork so they come back refreshed and able to focus better.

More sports and physical activities also help students connect with others.

Team sports and group activities build teamwork, create friendships, and can help them feel less lonely.

The sense of connection can boost their confidence and resilience, helping them to feel good about themselves.

Well done if you said something along those lines.

Okay, that gives us just enough time to summarize today's lesson.

So, taking part in regular physical activity can improve health.

Health is split into physical health, emotional health, and social health.

Exercise can improve physical health by decreasing the risk of injury, coronary heart disease, blood pressure, the risk of obesity, and type 2 diabetes, but it can also increase bone density, improve posture, and improve components of fitness.

Exercise can help emotional health by relieving stress and tension, providing a feel-good factor.

It also helps to increase self-esteem and confidence and improve self-image.

And exercise can improve social health by giving a sense of belonging, developing friendships, and reducing loneliness.

You've worked really hard today, and I hope that you can remember all the physical, emotional, and social benefits that exercise can bring to our health.

Well done today, and I'll see you again soon.