Lesson video

I hope you're looking forward to practising the imperfect and perfect tenses some more, because that is the express point of this translation lesson, but it's not just that, is it? 'Cause it's also, these lessons are an opportunity for me to introduce you to and to teach you about some of my favourite stories from the ancient world.

And this one is about a guy called Aeneas, who was a Trojan hero, who has a destiny which affects not just Troy, but also the future of Rome and therefore the future of the Latin language, which is extremely important for my job.

All right, so let's have a look at Aeneas.

Let's see if you enjoy this story.

Practise translation, Aeneas flees Troy.

Flees means, as you may know already, means runs away.

So it's about a guy running away from Troy.

Our learning objectives are; Can I translate fluently a Latin passage containing the perfect and imperfect tenses? Have I consolidated core vocabulary? The purpose of this translation is to get more practise on the perfect and imperfect sentences up to the point where we know that bar means was or were.

And we know that not just but also can also be used to recognise the perfect tense.

Let's have a little look before we move on or do anything.

You need to make sure, pause the video here if you haven't got a pen or pencil and some paper.

For everyone else, let's get learning.

And the first thing we're going to be doing is looking at vocabulary.

As usual, at the beginning of translation lessons, these are the 14, either most difficult or most frequent words you're going to be seeing in your translation for this lesson.

I'm going to just give you a little hand with how to remember these four here.

And the first one is silva.

Now, Mr. Furber, does it mean silver? That's really not, I mean, that's a very innocent guess and I wish it did mean that, but I'm afraid it doesn't.

Silva, there's no obvious derivations in English.

It means a wood.

Not as in the thing that this table's made of.

But the thing where it came from as in a wood is in a forest, all right.

So silva, wood.

There's no derivations, but you're going to see it loads of times before we do a translation.

So hopefully we'll get it by then.

Pono, I insist, is easy.

Our English derivations are words like position, and also upon, upon position, we're spoiled for choice with this verb, and it means if you position something, then you're going to place it.

Something.

Put something upon means you need to push it upon something else.

So pono is I put or I place.

And if these, again, if these derivations weren't enough, you also have the delightful plosive alliteration of I put and I placed for pono.

Pono means I put or place, like the English words or links to the English words position or pot.

Now it's perfect tense is posui.

The U look, you've got two look you're sport for choice again, the U X S ed, ed, ed, ed.

So I posui, is I placed, da.

All right.

Okay.

Look, and again, I could, I could speak about pono for hours and hours, posui.

Oh, that's going to be hard to remember.

No, it's not because that also is actually part of the root of the English word position.

Isn't it? The reason why it's position and not punish and is because of positively that.

So there is simply no reason to be confused by this verb or not to be able to recognise it.

Pono.

I put, I placed pono.

I put it right place.

Okay teneo, our derivations are English words like tenacious or tenable.

And there's also another word that I don't know if I've ever heard before.

I've never had to say it before ever.

And I, you probably wouldn't have heard of it.

Actually.

There's also this English word called detention, which you've probably never heard before.

Right.

But let me just explain that detention is when students are bad or naughty at school and therefore they are held back.

Detention literally means they're held back.

All right, because teneo is I hold teneo.

I hold.

Okay.

As opposed to pono, I put or I place pono teneo, Pono teneo.

Okay.

Now what's its perfect tense? Well, it's tenui.

Habeo goes to hanui, teneo goes to tenui.

We meaning a V U X S ed ed ed ed.

I held da.

Duco.

A duke is not just someone who has 10,000 men is someone who leads soldiers.

So duco is I lead and V U X, duxi is I led, led, led, led.

Note.

How led in the past tense of I lead a spelt like that led spelt like that.

And pronounced led is the mess or there's the elements is the thing that supposedly used to be in pencils.

All right.

So make sure when you're spelling the past tense of the verb, that form of lead it's spelled L E D.

All right.

That's it for our vocab.

Okay.

So that's it for the clues, but we're going to move on to the quizzing in a sec, before that as usual, I'd like you to press pause and just retake.

Take one minute.

Just read these words.

Do not worry if you can't remember them all just off one reads.

Okay.

Off we go.

Okay.

Let's have a little look at some of these quiz questions.

What is the difference between maritus and uxor in two, one? There we go.

Uxor is wife.

Maritus masculine is going to be husband.

So between, pater and filius and three, two and so pater.

You think paternal, paternity, his father filius, masculine his son.

I supposed to feel the app, which his daughter there has been silva and urbs.

Does that mean silver? Come on in three.

Two is an easy one.

And one silver is a word urbs as a city.

Now what does ad mean? What's ad mean? Okay.

Now what I'd like to do is add one more translation to the one that you just picked because two of these are right and answers in three, two, and ad means to or at, if you advance, you go to somewhere, right? A pano versus teneo.

This is where I come in and I'm going to do myself a little mine.

All you're ready.

So pono or t- [Inaudible] Pono- let get it right? Pono or teneo? Pono or teneo? What is this verbamatic? Okay, right? It's going to be three, two, one.

Tell me is pono.

I put, or I place.

What about this one? Between a duco or timeo? Duco or timeo between this one? What's this one.

Come on, come on, come this way.

Come on, come on, come on.

Where's that going to be? That's a duco what? That's going to be duco.

Meaning I lead.

And then last of all we got.

We've got, conspicio or quaero? Conspicio or quaero? We've got.

Ah see I left it somewhere.

Where's it going to be got to be somewhere around here.

Where is it? Tell me that conspicio or quaero? In three, two, one is quaero.

Meaning I searched for, if you go on a quest and you're searching for something.

Okay.

Getting ready to meet V U, X, S, ed, ed, ed, ed, and V, U, X, S, ed, ed, ed, ed, and tenuit.

Means which of those two? V, U, X, V, U, X, S, ed, ed, ed, ed.

Duxit means which of these three? In V, U X S ed, ed, ed.

Ed.

Posuit, V U X S ed ed, ed he placed.

Yeah.

Timebat.

However, when I say bar, you say, what.

Bar.

Bar was a word.

He was fearing.

Conspexit will be V U X S ed, ed, ed, I just told you that, isn't it he noticed.

And I don't know why I need to bid on this one, but I feel like you're going to see this sentence.

Maritus patrem et filium duxit.

What's patrem et filium mean? What's that? Mean I know patrem et filius.

I've no idea what patrem et fi- Oh, no.

I do know.

Tell me what they mean.

I'm listening.

Great.

It's the computer forms of father and son.

Can we do the whole sentence quickly? The husbands leads or lead? Tell me, yeah.

Let the father and the son done.

Now.

Don't say don't worry about that ed or I want your mind to meet what the meaning of posuit it is.

Mine.

That to me is three, two and, Look.

Yeah, good.

It's going to be putting or placing.

Pono.

They go to posuit.

He placed.

Mind to me.

What's what's tenuit to do with, I'm not interested in the ed.

What's the action of tenuit.

Mine that at me.

Great.

It's to do with he or she, you, he held, held something and conspexit it mind, conspexit to me.

This is one of my favourites.

Conspexit would be, Oh, you know, get on my job and I'm just going to go.

It's going to be he or she? Noticed.

Isn't it? Great.

Okay.

Are we ready? Of course we are.

Thanks.

And vocab practise, pen or pencil.

We make sure you tenuit your teneo, your pen or pencil, because you're going to need to write out the answers for the following 14 words, pressing pause to do so now, okay.

Now switching to a different colour pen so you can correct your answers.

Did we get them? All right, course you did.

I should have flagged primus meaning first, which I've humorously put last on here.

This is like primary school.

Isn't it? The first school you go to.

Okay.

Right.

Hands, completely free.

We're going to be looking at what our story is.

About for today, be concerns.

The following four characters.

Let's make sure we get their names, right? So this guy over here is called Aeneas, Aeneas, Aeneas, lovely.

Now here's a maritus, he is the husband of someone who's not here.

We'll talk about this image in a second to someone who's not one of these three.

This is Aeneas here, but he is a, he is a maritus.

His uxor is called Creusa Creusa Creusa.

Creusa.

Okay.

Now, Aeneas we'll talk about what he's doing.

I know it looks weird.

We'll talk about it in a sec.

Aeneas is filius, is this guy who's not called Lulus.

This is like Lulu or something.

This is an I okay.

Here.

Right? So he's called Iulus pronounced year is an eye, goes on the front end, the Latin names.

So there's some, it's filius.

It's called Iulus, Iulus, Iulus.

And then last of all, his pater, his father is called Anchises.

Anchises, what happening in this image? Just someone will look at it.

Aeneas, this Iulus here.

This is a, Anchises there so and Aeneas here, right? He's dressed in armour, but he's not fighting in a war instead.

He's holding Iulus, his filius, his son by the hands and they, and he's leaving him somewhere.

And instead, this is a bit odd.

All right.

He sort of has his dad also hitched up on his shoulder? Actually.

It was other images of this.

Show him carrying Anchises on his back.

But is he, is he fighting in a war? What's he doing? Well, as you can see here, he was escaping and he's fleeing from Troy is running away and he's helping his family out too.

But what about his wife Creusa? Well, let's find out.

Okay.

So how much of that has gone in? So what is the relationship between Aeneas and Creusa, Aeneas and Creusa.

They are what, they are something on something.

They are good.

They are husband and wife.

What's a relationship between Aeneas and Anchises? What's the relationship? They are what and what? Good.

What's the relationship between Aeneas and Iulus.

They are, that was too easy, they're also what? They are? Good.

They are also father and son.

Okay.

So you see which of these characters is really young, which is the youngest character of all of these ones.

It's going to be points out for me.

It's going to be Iulus.

Say the name for me of the only female character.

That's in the story.

Say the name of in three, two, one big strong voice.

Good Creusa.

Who is her son? Iulus again.

What's the relationship between Iulus and Anchises? This is one to think about Iulus and Anchises are what? Good? They are now grandson and grand father.

Last of all, who is the hero? Who's the one who dresses up an army.

His name's up there.

It's too easy.

It's Aeneas.

Okay.

Let's have a look at our translation practise.

In a second you're going to be doing this passage here.

You're not going to do it now because I'm going to help you out with a couple of tricky things.

And the first thing we're looking at is this little fragment here of a sentence, which is et uxorem quaerebat.

We're not going to do this bit.

We're going to do a bit that looks like it, because I am not going to do the work for you.

I do that.

And the sentence we're going to do that looks like that is this one here, which is et Creusam quaesivit.

Here, someone's get us in the right place.

Here, someone has missed translated this and just written and Creusa searched.

What you'd like to do is tell me, first of all, what's correct about that translation.

What's wrong? Why is it wrong? There's a little hint over there.

We've done a lot of work on this.

Okay.

Five seconds.

What do you think? And time's up? Let me get that pen at the ready.

Okay.

Et meaning and they're fine.

And Creusa does mean Creusa.

And do we see how quaesivit does mean search and that's fine.

And now we've got the S and the [Latin] V, U, X, S, ed, ed, ed, ed.

So that's all fine.

So our problem in fact is with this Creusa here, and we can see the real thing that was neglected by the student was Creusam, which is going to be nominative.

We know this nomative or accusative, nominative or accusative.

It's going to be accusative, since the objects.

So Creusa is not doing the searching.

Instead, the person doing the searching is quaesivit.

It's E S T it is I, you, he, so how would we change this now and go over here and good.

So receiving the searching and he searched for searched for Creusa.

So, one thing that was also nice was this student didn't do the big mistake that all Latin teachers, Oh, they detest it, which is the student didn't write and Creusam searched, make sure we know anytime, even if they're in the object form, the accusative form, you must translate people's names.

If you see a neam or on K Sam, or you loom, you must translate that forms in the nominative, as I've taught you, Aeneas, Creusa, Anchises, Iulus.

Okay.

Next up is going to be another mistake.

No, it's not there.

Yeah, it is.

And the next thing that strictly in this passage is to do with the translation of ad based on different contexts.

Okay.

It means two things.

How are we going to decide which one? To choose five seconds here? I've got ad silvam Aeneas timebat, what's wrong with that translation there? Go.

Okay.

A one.

That's how it looks.

So this is pretty simple.

You're going to be fine.

C'mon so ad can mean to, or at all right.

What's wrong with her.

Aeneas was afraid to the wood.

It doesn't make any sense.

Does it? Okay, so therefore, what are we going to use instead of to? We don't want to, instead one at and then look low and behold, the whole thing falls into place.

Aeneas was afraid at the wood, or you might even want to front load up here at the woods.

Once he got there at the woods, Aeneas was afraid, things that were nice were timebat is correctly translated.

When I say bar, you say was or were.

Okay.

And silva does mean what, doesn't it.

Okay.

So those parts were fantastic, but just make sure you pick the right form of ad.

Give you opportunity to do that.

Now, what do we think about this one? Here? Get rid of me.

I've told her answer.

Aeneas I'll give you this one for free.

Aeneas patrem ad silvam duxit, Aeneas led his father at the word he led it.

Come on.

Yeah.

Get out that word.

It's going to be to the woods.

Isn't it.

However, what about this one? Aeneas patrem ad silvam posuit.

Five seconds, read through those, which makes mistakes.

The you.

Yep.

Okay.

Let's have a little look.

So first of all, it's not going to be any of these ones that are present tense because we know it's going to be ed, ed, ed.

Heck's it posiut.

What makes sense? Aeneas placed his father to the wood.

No it's going to be Aeneas placed his father at or puts his father at.

So puts all that down.

You might say the wood.

Let's get translating time for me to read out some last it, Aeneas and the rest, what happens? Graeci Troianos decem annos appugnabant.

What I didn't mention was Aeneas' nationality.

He is a Troianos.

He is Trojan, the Greeks bar was a word we're attacking the Trojans for 10 years.

I'm going to read out a few more sentences.

Tandem Graeci equum ligneum paraverunt.

Troiani equum ligneum in urbem portaverunt, sed equus ligneus erat plenus Graecorum.

Oh no.

So we've got now what's this war called between the Greeks and the Trojans.

It's called the yes.

Yep.

Yep.

There's the other Trojan water.

10 years.

It's been happening now, but tandem finally, the Graeci, the Greeks power of Aaron's prep now V you, yeah.

Ed Peros.

I prepare so prepared.

We're made, you might say a at quisling there's a wooden horse.

Otherwise known as the, yeah.

The Trojan horse or the Greeks make Trojan horses made by the Trojans.

The standard mistake made by the Greeks against the Trojans, the Troiani, the Trojans now not prepared, but Porter, they carried the wooden horse into the city, the urbem.

Right.

But what was it full of? It was full inside of Greeks.

What time of day was it? Erat nox? It was, was it daylight? It was night.

Subito, suddenly the Graeci appungaverunt Aeneas et familia pater, Anchises filius Iulus et uxor Creusa desperabant.

Aeneas pro patria mori cupiebat sed Creusa clamavit, noli Graecos appugnare cura familiam.

Right.

Where do we get to? Suddenly the Greeks appugnare V U X S V ed.

So they attack dirt and near, and his family his pater, his father Anchises.

His what his son Iulus and his wife Creusa bar.

They were despairing, Aeneas cupio is I want, so Aeneas was wanting that when you're allowed to translate as wanted, Aeneas was wanting or wanted to die for his country to pro Patria Mori.

We know from that little statuettes and that terra cotta figured he's not going to do that because Creusa said, but Creusa shout it noli don't attack your, noli? Yeah.

Don't attack the Greeks.

Cura.

Look after, care for your household.

I might have translated this as family earlier, Familia is household, right? There's this bigger, it's more extended than the family.

Right? Okay.

So let's just review this.

Does Aeneas, he wants to die and fight and kill for his country.

But instead his wife makes a big speech, which he says, you must make sure you're going to protect her.

Get your family out of the tr- out of Troy before the Greeks destroy it.

What's Aeneas going to do.

Over to you.

Press pause here.

Okay.

Switching to a different colour or no.

If you want to have a look at this challenge, then please do.

Now I want to translate the last paragraph on your own before we go through it together and do so now as the challenge, if we go, okay.

Other than that different colour pen in hand, how'd you find that good? Wasn't it? Okay.

Let's have a look.

So green pen at the ready Aeneas placed or put his father on his back, Aeneas held tenuit his son by the hand Aeneas led his household.

First, Creusa.

Now tenses was walking big tick.

If we got that right, was walking last, the household was running to the wood outside the city, but now well done.

If you've got this, but at the wood, we see that front of there with a comma, but at the wood Aeneas searched for Creusa.

Creusa was not there.

Aeneas timuit V U X Aeneas feared.

The husband hurried back to the city and was searching for his wife.

Again, really well done.

We did practise on this.

She's not doing any searching.

Is she and was searching for his wife suddenly Aeneas noticed Creusa.

But she was an Umbra.

A ghost writes umbra dixit, noli, lacrimare, condes, urbem optimam nomine Romam.

Aeneas umbram amplecti cupivit, seci evanuit.

Tandem Aeneas ad silvam retro ambulavit, solus.

Okay.

The ghost V U X S ed, ed, ed ed said, the ghost said, noli lacrimare, don't cry because you will found.

So this means you will start to lay the foundations of an optimam, urbem, a bad city.

The ultimate, a very good or the best city called romam called Rome.

Now Aeneas so he finds out that his destiny, which is to start this, to go to Italy from Troy, which is modern day Northwest Turkey, and to sail to Italy, which miles away in those days.

And so you found a start a new city that was going to be called Rome.

What's Aeneas do though.

He wanted to amplecti that's fantastic.

He wanted to embrace that.

Give us ghost to hug.

Right.

But what she do, evanuit, she disappeared, she vanished.

Finally, Aeneas, walked back to the word and he did so on his own.

If you have done the Orpheus story, something you might want to think about, it's hard to compare these two, these one's a myth century.

The other one's a legend, supposedly.

Alright.

But they both involve people going back somewhere in order to get a wife who turns out to be dead.

And they both involve going back on your own.

Very sad.

I have a little think about the similarities and differences between those stories.

I don't want to quiz you or test you on it or anything.

Just have a think about it.

I think it's really interesting.

Why, what are the similarities between Orpheus in the Odyssey or Aeneus and Creusa or indeed the differences, right? Other than that, once you have marked corrected your answers, complete that exit quiz, V U X S ed ed ed ed And other than that sounds say goodbye.

I'll look at there's loads, more lessons coming up.

I know you're going to miss that lesson, but you don't need to worry.

There's plenty more where this came from.

Okay.

Violates a very well done bye, bye.