Lesson video

Thank you, so the way this course works, the Latin course at Oak National Academy, taught by me, Mr.Fuber, is that for every piece of grammar learning in a unit, every grammar lesson, there's at least one translation lesson, in which you don't do any new grammar learning, okay? Instead, you have an opportunity to practise the grammar that we've already done by translating a story.

And for the first few units, the stories are all taken from Aesop's Fables.

So in this our first translation lesson, what we're going to be looking at? Well, it's a fable about a camel and a river.

Let's have a look.

Practise translation, the camel and the river.

You will remember that discenda means learning objectives, and they are: Can I translate fluently, a Latin passage containing nominatives and accusatives? And have I consolidated core vocabulary.

Press pause here, if you need to get any of the things here that are required for today's lesson.

Well done to those who came prepared.

And let's have a look.

Now the way this lessons work is, first thing we'll do is in fact of vocabulary.

I'm about to show you the 14 most, the most frequent, or most difficult words that you will see in the paragraph that you're going to be doing on your own.

Okay, so in the end of, so towards the end of this video, there'll be a bit where I'll say, "Okay, and now you're ready, "off you go, have a look at this bit and translate it.

' And there'll be some tricky words in there.

They'll be some words that keep coming up all the time.

And those words are there's 14 of them, and they are these words here.

Now, don't worry about just reading them all now, just be aware they exist.

Some of them you won't actually have done, either you might never seen before, ever, or you might have only ever seen really briefly.

And now they are these five here, and that's okay, because we're going to look at them up close now.

Okay, starting with aqua.

Now the way we learn vocab is like this, where you've got the word up there, and a derivations.

So, a box here, and a translation once.

Again, you may not have heard of the term derivation, or derivatives before, but let's just talk about it briefly now.

So about somewhere around 60% of English words come from Latin.

Therefore when learning Latin words, it's useful to look at English words that we get from that Latin word, and they are called derivations.

They're not the same necessarily, sometimes they're the same.

They're not necessarily the same as the translation, okay? But they can be a very useful springboard, to help you remember, and help you learn what Latin words mean.

For example, aqua, a derivation aqua, will be aquarium, or aquatic, right? Now, does aqua mean aquatic? No, but if you think that aquatic is to do with water, that can help you remember that Aqua means water, aqua, water.

Okay, now it'll be a tricky one, which is cadit.

So verb cadit.

Now, derivations are, casualty and cadence.

You might have to go to casualty if you fall over, okay? Similarly, cadence is a musical term.

And cadit, if I change the cadence, cadence is my voice, I might go up, but then I might also go down.

Okay, it's to do with how my voice rises and falls, okay? Cadit is he or she falls.

Okay, like that.

Cadit, he or she falls.

Next up, we have nunc.

Nunc, nunc okay? Now this one has no English words that we get from it, right? But you the clue that I'm going to give you to help remember it, which is nunc, means now.

Nunc is now.

Now that's all well and good, but there is another word that's quite sure that you've seen, that has two Ns in it.

And that is non, which means not.

And that also is translated as short words looks like now.

So don't get nunc, meaning now, confused with non meaning not.

Okay, sed means, no directions again, it's tricky word, sed means but.

It's three words in Latin, three letters sorry, in Latin, it's three letters in English.

Sed, but, sed, but, okay? Don't confuse it with sedeo, which is I said.

this isn't a verb, you're going to see it after a comma, or maybe at the beginning of a sentence, alright? You'll see sedeo, or forms of that at the end.

You'll see them before commas, or before full stops.

Now in, you will probably have seen a bunch of times, okay? Mr.Fuber this is too easy.

I know that in means in.

In can in fact mean loads of four things, okay? In fact, it means even more than that.

But, and the derivation is in, this is one where the derivation is the same as the translation, alright? But, here, for this lesson, one time deal, you're going to be translating in, not as in, but as into.

In is going to mean into.

In, into, thank you.

Okay, we go back to, it can also mean, and I know you've learned it as in meaning in.

But for this lesson, one time only, it's going to be into.

Now we go back to the list of 14.

And what I like to do now, is to just take, do not worry about trying to learn all of them, okay? Because what we're going to do is practise them for the next few minutes, after you've done the following thing.

Which is pressing pause, and just reading the 14 of them one time, okay? And that should take you about one minute, pressing pause to do that.

So just press pause, you read the 14 of them.

Don't worry about writing any of them down.

Don't worry about sort of thinking the world's going to end if you don't know all 14 immediately, we're here to practise the words.

Press pause, read them a once over, off you go now.

Okay, hands completely free.

What does aqua mean after three, two? It's water, and cadit means what? It's he or she, now you might have to go to casualty derivation, if you fall over cadit, he or she falls.

What's the difference between lateus and magnus? Answers in three, two and now.

Laetus means happy, if you're delighted, you're almost the same as happy.

If you use a magnifying glass, that's going to make things bigger.

Laetus, happy, magnus, big.

In, for the purpose of, what in mean? What can in mean? In two, one, it can mean both.

In today's lesson, what will in mean? In three, two, it's going to mean into, thank you.

Right, nunc, does that mean now, or not? Nunc means now, or not.

In two, one, nunc is now, lovely.

Sed, does it mean and or but? In three, two, is but, good.

Ad and in, what's the difference? This is quite tricky, I'll give you a few seconds.

Which of those words there mean, can be a translation of ad, and which can be translation of in.

Answers in three, two, and now, if you advance, and you go to or towards something.

In we know is in, and in this lesson, mean into.

Cadit means what? Three, two, it's going to be, is it still there? Great, he or she falls.

Okay now, tell your screen what ad aquam means, in three, two, and big strong voice.

Lovely, to or towards, or towards the water.

What's that M doing there? We'll talk about that in a minute.

In aquam, therefore means what? And we're going to get it.

Two, one, good now it's going to be in, good, into, lovely, into the water, great.

What is the difference between iratus, magus and laetus? Match them up, one of these four is going to be wrong.

Off you go.

Okay, answers in three, two, and here we go.

How did we do? Right, next up Magna? That's got different ending, could mean anything.

What's it look like? There's an adjective we've done, what's magna going to mean? In three, two and, means big or great.

This is the feminine form of magnus.

Means exactly the same thing.

Nunc and non, what's the difference? Is it still there, in three, two.

Nunc is now, non is not, lovely.

Sed means, tell me in three, two, is it there? But, one more time sed means, good.

Sed means, sed means? Lovely, now ambulat.

Is it there? What do we think? If you amble, if you amble then that means you're walking.

Ambulat, he or she walks, well done.

Dominus est iratus, means which of those three? In two, one.

Iratus, angry, if you're irate, means you're angry, good.

Aqua est magna means what? In three, two, the water is big, great.

In aquam, is going to mean which of these two? I know we've done it already, is it still there, in two, one.

Into, in today's lesson, means into.

Into the water.

Now, this is where I come in.

Cadit or ambulat, portat or iratus, okay? I'm going to mime some of these words to you.

And I want you to say out loud what those are.

So we're going to start with, I'm going to mime a verb, and it's going to be this one.

I'm just going to move here, I'm just going to move here using my feet, in order to move, it's going to be three, so which one, two, one, that will be ambulat, he or she walks.

Now, what about, Mr.Fuber,.

Will be, I told it's portat, means he or she carries, okay? We're going to come back to that.

What about this one? So I'm just going to try and pick.

What's that one I mimed there, in three, two, one, cadit.

Okay, and what was portat? He or she, thank you, if I was doing my pen here, she carries.

Okay, now we're going to do some of these adjectives down here.

Which of these adjectives which is this ? It's going to be two, one, it's iratus.

Now what's this one? It's going to be, three, two, one, magnus.

Okay, and now pull for me, mime to me.

So you're mining to me, a laetus face, down here, a laetus face, in three, two, one.

Let's have a look.

Good, I'm delighted to see that you are so laetus.

You are so happy.

Okay, mime to me, so tell me, or mime it to me, don't tell me, what's ambulat mean? Mime it to me, in two, one.

It's going to be, he or she walks.

I'd like you to portat something, portat something.

It could be, he or she carries.

Now iratus, what's that mean? Two, one, mime it.

Okay, what's this one? It's going to be, two, one, that's going to be laetus.

And then really safely, be safe.

Mime cadit for me, in three, two, one.

Okay, fine we'll go.

Okay, yeah, we got the idea, cadit.

Don't actually fall, safety, safety first.

Right, I think we're ready.

What do, now can be one to 14 down the margin, alright? What do these words mean? So you just write one to 14 down the margin of your page.

And if you'd like to, then please do copy out the Latin too, because that means that you will be able to look up at this list here, if you forget any words during translation time.

So what do those 14 words mean? Off you go.

Okay, I'm going to move on in a sec.

So pressing pause, if you didn't do so already.

And for those of you who have finished that, let's see how we did.

Different colour pen at the ready, marking those, or correcting those answers now.

How did we do? Excellent, fantastic, so now.

Now we go back to hands completely free, pen or pencil down.

And let's have a look at what we're going to be learning about to day.

What's our passage actually going to be about? So I mentioned in the intro video, that we're going to be looking at fables, over the course of the next few units.

And the first one we're going to be looking at, is about, as I said, a camel and a river.

The Latin for here's a camel here.

The Latin for a camel is camelus.

Now, I'm not going to keep telling you that camelus means camel, I'm going to assume that you know, that camelus means camel.

Now, not only is there a river involved, but there's also a dominus, there's also the master of the camel.

Now this fable, and in fact all the ones we're going to do, is part, or was potentially, maybe, and originally written by Aesopus, that is Latinized version of Aesop.

Okay, who you may have heard of, he was an ancient Greek, he was the inventor of fables.

But then also the actual Latin of the fables, "Well, if his Greek, "why are we doing it in Latin?" Well, it's because this guy, called Phaedrus, and then Aesop.

Lovely, this guy called Phaedrus was, he was also Greek, but he wrote fables in Latin.

And that's where I've taken some of these fables.

So you're actually, some of what you're reading, is very close to actual Latin literature.

Now, let's have a little look.

What we do next is, you're still not quite all.

There's a bit more to do, before we actually get translation, we start looking at that passage.

What's going to happen is I'm going to show you some sentences that resemble the trickiest things.

Okay, so now, let me explain.

This is the actual passage that you'll be doing in no time, in a few minutes time, alright? But before we do that, we need to just go over how to translate sentences that look like for example, this one, where you've got a nominative and accusative, and maybe an adverb, and a verb.

Now I'm not going to give you this sentence, because that would just be me doing the work for you.

So instead, I'm going to show you what it looks like that one.

And that sentence is this one, we've got camelus aquam portat, camelus aquam portat.

This has been mistranslated as camel water he carries.

Just give you 10 seconds.

What's wrong with that translation? What is the correct translation? Off you go.

One, and - ♪ Sentences in English goes ♪ ♪ subject, verb, object.

♪ ♪ Sentences in Latin go subject, object, verb.

♪ Alright, nominative, accusative, verb.

We're going to turn them into the form nominative, verb, accusative, or subject, verb, object.

Okay, now what's happened here, is this student has just treated the Latin sentence like a conveyor belt, alright? They've just gone that word, that word, that word, and I won't jumble the meaning.

I'll just go, camel water he carries.

So actually step one, is absolutely fine.

They've included camelus as a camel in there, there's water in there, he carries, that's fine.

Step two, we've missed out some of the labelling, and we've not thought about how to put that in the right order.

Now, camel, let's restart with the verbs remember.

Okay porter, our word at the end, probably going to be our verb, but we check, carries is a verb.

So yeah, that's my verb.

♪ What letter do singular accusative end in? ♪ M, so I know that's my accusative.

And in that first ending, is the second declension nominative ending.

Okay, and we don't do that word, that word, that word.

trace it with your finger for me, we do nominative, over to the verb, and jump one back to the accusative.

That word, that word, that word, we're going to go norm, verb, acc, okay? And it's going to be the.

Now we've also got some issues here, where this person just missed out, see.

We've not got any of those, okay? And we've added the, and we don't need to do with he or she.

Do we add it, or do we take it away? So here she goes, punctuation however is fine.

So do we see what actually, tell your screen big strong voice, what should this transaction be? Go tell me, lovely good.

So as well as changing the order, it's going to be the, we add the.

And it's going to be the camel.

No he, goes straight to carries, and another the, the and I'm just going to write down here.

Don't do that in your page, the water.

Step three now is done, okay? Just remember, it's pretty simple.

You should be fine.

It's just take a look at the whole sentence, alright? Before you start translating.

Don't just think I'll do that word, that word, that word, and then make it make sense, following nominative, verb, accusative.

One last look at camelus aquam portat, means the camel carries the water.

I'm going to get rid of it, in two, one, and next up.

Now this is in fact, and I said that with new grammar, didn't I Mr.Fuber? But actually, technically, what we're looking at, is in fact some new, I said there'd be no new grammar.

But actually technically what we're looking at, is sort of new grammar.

You're going to be seeing some sentences, which are nice and simple, which will have these things in here.

Ad flumen, in aquam, to have what's called prepositional phrases in them.

I'm going to module, I'm going to translate one for you now, and I'll show you that these are in fact really easy.

And you're basically just use exactly the same translation method as we did for, subjects, nominatives and accusatives.

So here we have the sentence, camelus ad aquam ambulat.

The first thing I do is my word beginnings.

I get my ingredients.

Camelus, what's it mean, rhinoceros? Can be anything, a monkey think? It's a camel, right.

So look, we get down what are ingredients? Camel, now this example number two, actually I'm, I'll bring you in, okay? Normally I say, "I want to do the whole thing myself, "I don't want any help." But help me out here.

Can you mime for me the direction of ad.

The direction of ad, is it going to be? Or is it going to be? It's going to be, thank you.

If you advance, you go towards, or to.

Let's go for to.

Aquam, now, again, I've learned aqua, but I mean at aquam, could be anything.

We're not focusing on endings, we're just looking at the first.

You do your beginnings, don't you? Aqua, and oh, I have seen aqua, that's water, like aquatic, or aquarium, that's water.

And then ambulat, walks.

Yeah, I'm done.

No, okay, what's missing? Always make sure that in this course, we're going to go, not just walk, but he or she walks, okay? Because sometimes, we saw those tricky sentences, where sometimes you have an accused first, now that's done.

Then I look at my word ending, and I do norm, acc, verb.

Okay good, so we start with our verb over here, we start with what we think is our verb, ambulat means walks, that's an action.

So yeah, that solves that, that's fine.

Now what this will do, singular accused is ending in M, so that's an accusative.

And camelus, we saw that before, didn't we? Yeah, it's nominative, it's fine.

Okay, so step two is done, now in translating in the order.

Nom, verb, what's that? What's prep do Mr.Fuber? Non, verb, prep, acc.

Let's just forget that exists.

What do we get? We've got camel walks water.

Oh, what we need to do is, we've missed out in our labelling, okay? 'Cause I didn't put it here.

And that was deliberate.

We've missed out what we do with this word here, is ad aquam.

Now this is what's known as a preposition.

We saw in, didn't we earlier? Is preposition, and when we see it, we just pretend, we're in our head.

We think of ad aquam as essentially just one sort of big unit, okay? It's like they go together, okay? Into what's known as a prepositional phrase, and then that kind of becomes our accusative.

Alright, so these two things are grouped together.

And then what you then get now, let's have a look.

So I need to put in a the, take out he or she, so that's in brackets, because I've got a nominative, and we've got the camel walks to the water.

And this is in fact a prepositional phrase, but let's just sort of treat it like an accusative for now, alright? And we get the one more time, the camel walks to the water.

Okay, take one last look, 'cause I'm getting rid of it in three, two, and it's gone early, right? What's wrong? Just five seconds.

Do we still know how to translate in for goodness sake, with camelus in aquam cadit, translated, mistranslate as the camel falls in the water.

Okay, what's wrong with that? Five seconds, here we go, one.

In today's lesson, in this lesson, how are we translating? You can translate it as in other times, okay, that's fine.

But in today's lesson in means not in, but it means, tell me, big strong voice it means, thank you.

It's into, lovely, alright.

The rest of the order is all fine.

Do we see that word, that word, that word, you still essentially go for this word, jumps to the end of the verb, and you fill in the gaps in the middle.

The camel falls into the water, alright? Number four, now it's time for you to do one on your own.

You can find camelus ad dominum ambulat.

Press pause after I've finished speaking, give yourself two minutes.

I'd like you to write out that Latin sentence, copy it out for me, but you don't has to do that normally.

But have that sentence copied out, if it helps.

And underneath, write down for me that translation.

So, pen or pencil in hand, and writing down what that word, that sentence means in three, two, pressing pause now.

Okay, right, different coloured pen at the ready, answer coming up in two.

And so we've got the camel walks, either two, or towards the master.

Nodding heads, or shaking heads.

How do we do? What's that? Nodding heads, of course you did, perfectly well, okay, fine.

Now there's just a couple more.

So bear that in mind, you're going to see sentences that look like that, when you translate on your own, in a few minutes.

Before we move on, there's just a couple more things to look at briefly.

Let's just remind ourselves how we translate sentences with est, or indeed sentences with sed, or non, in, alright? There's a non over there.

Alright, so here is, we've got, dominus est laetus.

Just five seconds on this one, mistranslated as the master he is angry.

What's gone wrong there> Five seconds, go.

So the tricky thing about tenses with est, or is that you've got an adjective here, and not an accusative.

Just bear in mind, this is a second type of sentence that we've done in Latin.

Where instead of it being nominative, accusative, and where the order that you'll see the Latin, is nominative, accusative, verb, alright? ♪ Sentences in Latin go subject, object, verb.

♪ You've also got this other form, where you're going to have nominative est, and it could just be the word est, meaning is, he or she is, an adjective.

And the great news is, that's the word order in Latin.

And that's also the word order when you translate it in English.

So what's wrong with this one, is we've got no the, haven't we? So it should be the master, and then we get rid of the he.

The master is angry.

Okay, let's have a look at another one.

There's another little tricky thing that we need to have a look at as well.

And that is the following.

Camelus non cadit, which has been mistranslated, there's one tiny mistake in the translation of, the camel not falls.

Five seconds, go.

So you'll remember that there's this thing that happens with non, where you need to add an extra verb in English, but not when you're using it with est.

So it's not going to be the camel not falls, the camel does not, and we don't need that est there, it does not fall.

Okay, right one for you quickly.

This probably will take you less than two minutes.

So just another one quickly, camelus non est magnus, do we know how to translate those est sentences? Do we know how to translate non, let's have a go, press pause here, for your second example, go.

Okay different colour pen, and we should have, the camel is not big.

Now, or the camel is not great, that's fine.

Now technically another correct answer is, he or it is not a big camel.

But I think really, you want to go for that format.

Okay, nom, est, adj.

Okay, that word, that word, that word, make nom work.

Okay right, hands free.

Let's have a little read of our story.

So we're now actually going to look at what this fable is all about.

Now passages for translation are divided into three.

And what we do is, for the first one, the first of the three paragraphs, we read to gather, let's have a look.

Right, olim, anything for stories on this course, alright? Anything that's underlined.

You will see given to you in this additional vocabulary box down here.

So I look at, if I were you, I'd say a student might go, "Olim, I don't know what olim means." It's underlined, I go down here.

It means once.

So once a camel, present tense, carries, or is carrying, carries a sarcina.

Now I go down here, and I know that sarcina or sarcinam, both mean a pack, or load, so some baggage, alright? So once a camel carries a pack.

Now, sarcina est magna, the pack is magna, the pack is big.

Sarcina est sal, where's it? What's actually in, what's the pack consists of.

Its look, sal, salt.

Now, the camelus ad flumen ambulat.

You do this word, this word, you fill in the gaps.

The camel, ambulat, mime it, mime it.

Here we go over here.

The camel walks into the river.

He walks, ad, good, to a flumen, a river.

Now the dominus quoque ambulat.

You may have seen quoque, if you have, then tell me what it means.

Also, also, the master also walks.

Sed, tell me, but, what happens? the camel in aquam casu cadit.

The camel, we jumped over to our verb, he cadit, and we mimed it, and he falls in the water.

Tell me one last time, he falls, thank you, into the water.

He does it, casu, does it by accident.

What happens to the salt? He's carrying some salt.

The sal dissolvat.

The salt dissolves, and now the camel, non, we jumped over to our verb, a non portat, does not carry a magnam sarcin.

Doesn't carry a big pack.

So he was carrying loads of salt, and he's with his master.

And they start crossing a river.

He trips up, and falls in the water, and all the salt dissolves.

And now, he doesn't have to do as much work, 'cause he's not carrying as much salt.

What makes me think that camel's going to do next time he gets to the river? Okay, over to you.

For the main task, you translate that second paragraph completely independently.

Now for the third paragraph, you have a choice, you may either do it independently as a challenge, or wait until after we've gone through the second paragraph, and then we will read it together again.

So everyone is going to attempt in fact, I think everyone should do a challenge.

But everyone I would like to attempt the main task, pressing pause to do so, it should take you about 15 minutes, to translate these sentences here about that camel, off you go.

Okay, and those of you.

What's that, it's all of you, who want to attempt the challenge.

How's that story end, very well done in the previous paragraph, what's going to happen at the end? Right, let's see, just switching to a different colour pen for the review, what happened to that camel? So, now I like reading out Latin.

So I'm going to read it out.

The camel, now as I read through, okay, I'll leave a little gap after each sentence that I've finished, and that's when you give your translation a nice big tick, in a different coloured pen, okay? So the camel carries the load again.

Now this again can go anywhere.

Okay, the camel again carries the load.

That's fine, big tick.

The camel walks towards, or to the river again, that again, you can put it over here.

Again, the camel walks.

The camel walks again to the river.

So this adverb again can go, iterum, can go wherever you want in the sentence.

Alright, one more time, the camel walks towards, or to the river again.

Now, the camel falls into the water deliberately.

The salt dissolves, the load, or the again, if you use weight for that, is not big, or is not great.

The camel is happy, but the master is angry.

The master thinks.

What's going to happen? Camelus, the camel, go to our verb, is carrying a novam.

A new weight, so it's not salt anymore.

What is it? The camel, now he gets to the river, he cadit in flumen iterum, he falls into the river for a third time.

Okay again, said nunc, but nunc, now he non portat salem.

He's not carrying any salt, what's he carrying? He is carrying sponges, oh no.

What's going to happen? If salt gets wet, it dissolves.

That becomes less of it, that he's carrying.

Sponges get wet, they get what? They get heavier, yeah.

So now he will have more work to do.

The sarcina will be maxima, will be ingens, will be huge, right? What's the moral of that fable.

Now for all these ones with fables, okay, I'm not going to tell you the moral, that's for you to figure out.

It the joy of translating them.

But where you express, we have the chance to have a think about that, is actually on the exit quiz.

It's always on the final question of the exit quiz, is to do with what that fable was about, alright? So there's two things you have to do.

You've done extremely well, I'm really pleased.

And the second or two things, is to do that exit quiz.

And the thing before that, is to say goodbye to me, okay? Because I've had such a great time teaching you, okay? So we all remember that I say valete omnes.

And you say vale magister.

Let's have a go.

Valete omnes.

That's fantastic, delightful, valete.

And there's, if you like this one, well then it's great, 'cause we've got another one, which is about a tiger for you.

Okay, so I'll see you for the third lesson in this unit, and the second lesson.

Second translation practise lesson to do with fables, and to do with , in no time, see you there, valete, well done.