Lesson video

- Hi, my name is Miss Speakman.

We are on Lesson 2 of the human rights unit, and in today's lesson, we're doing about prejudice and discrimination.

So we're looking very generally at what prejudice and discrimination are, as well as what the law is in the UK, and then religious views on prejudice and discrimination based on a couple of the things we talk about today.

So, this lesson is a sensitive topic, so it contains references to sexuality, sex prejudice, and also discrimination based on these.

So, for some of you, this will be a sensitive topic, and if that does apply to you, then you may want to do the rest of this lesson with a trusted adult nearby who can support you.

So, what we're gonna try and do in today's lesson where we're gonna learn about the concepts of prejudice and discrimination.

So what are they? Define them.

Look at what this means in the UK.

So, what is the law in the UK about prejudice and discrimination? And then also consider specifically prejudice and discrimination based on sex and sexuality.

First of all, let's make sure that we are ready for our lesson today.

So, you will need a pen or a pencil.

You will need a piece of paper or an exercise book, and you'll need a different coloured pen for corrections of any work that you do.

I would also recommend that you're in a nice, quiet space to work.

So perhaps maybe a nice clear desk, but away from any noise.

So, plopping away any distractions like music, like TV, and if you're not using your phone for the lesson, I recommend you put it to one side on silent so that you're not disrupted.

So if you need to get any of those things, then please pause the video now.

And if not, you can just carry straight on.

Unpause when you are ready and let's get started.

Excellent.

Right, let's get started then.

So we'll start off with some definitions.

What do these two words mean? We've got prejudice and we've got discrimination.

Prejudice, if you look at it broken down, prejudging.

Can we see where that comes from? Prejudice, prejudging.

This is where we unfairly judge someone before we know them.

We make assumptions about that person.

And then we also have discrimination, which is actions or behaviour, which originate from prejudice.

Remember to see that there's already little bit of a link.

Prejudging is those feelings you might have.

Discrimination are the actions which originate from your prejudice.

So if you already have an assumption about someone before you know them, you could lead or it could lead to discrimination, behaviour which results from that prejudice.

And we'll look a little bit more about what that is in a moment, and look at some specific examples.

But first of all, I'd like you just to pause and just consider those definitions for a moment.

So, what I'd like you to do is to complete the following question, spend about three minutes on this.

This question is what is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? So if you can put it in your own words, what is the difference? So I'd like you to pause the video now, write your answer, and then unpause when you're ready to have a look at the answer together.

Excellent.

So, shall we have a look at the answer and consider the difference then between prejudice and discrimination? Get your pen ready to correct.

So, we've got that prejudice is where you prejudge someone.

So the feelings, the thoughts and feelings you have.

Discrimination is the actions carried out as a result of that prejudice.

So I'm gonna let you just spend a couple of minutes.

If you need to pause now, make those corrections, and then unpause when you're ready to carry on.

Excellent, we've made our corrections.

We're clear that prejudice is the feelings where you prejudge someone, discrimination is the actions which result from that prejudice.

Great, let's move on.

So I just want you now just to think about what does this actually look like? Can we give some examples? Because I've spent a lot of time so far talking about just what these things are, prejudice and discrimination, but I want you to think of if you can identify some of these things already.

So I'm gonna let you spend about three minutes writing down what types of prejudice you think there might be.

I want to list as many as you can think of.

Don't panic if you can't think of loads, a couple would be great, but as many as you can.

So I want you to pause the video now, three minutes, list as many types of prejudice as you can think of.

Great, pause now, unpause when ready to go through it with me.

Excellent.

Right, are we ready to have a look then at some examples? What I'm gonna do is go through some of the types of prejudice and discrimination in reference to what we call the Equality Act of 2010.

So the UK introduced the Equality Act in 2010 to protect certain characteristics that human beings will have.

And this is all to do with protecting people from being discriminated against for those characteristics.

So you can see there that we've got race.

If we discriminate or have prejudice based on race, we call that racism.

Age, if we discriminate based on age, we call that ageism.

Disability, so this could be a physical, a mental disability.

Well, it also could refer to what I might call invisible, not obvious disabilities.

We have prejudice and discrimination based on sex.

We have prejudice and discrimination based on gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership.

So whether or not you are or are not married shouldn't affect how you're treated.

Your religion or your belief, which also covers non-belief.

Now, when we talk about discrimination within religions, they might be given different names you might have heard of before.

So those types of discrimination based on someone belonging to Islam would be called, or could be referred to as Islamophobia discrimination, based on someone belonging to Judaism, we often call antisemitism.

So, might be words that you've heard of before.

We also have prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation.

So you shouldn't be discriminated on regardless of whether or not you are homosexual, heterosexual, identify as any other sexual orientation.

And then also pregnancy and maternity.

You can't be discriminated based on whether or not you are pregnant.

So all of those characteristics are protected characteristics.

They're our law.

So a workplace, et cetera, cannot discriminate based on those protected characteristics.

If they do, they're breaking the law.

So you might have noted some of those that are there on your screen now.

If you have, you can give them a big tick.

Excellent.

Those are different types of prejudice and discrimination.

You might want to pause a video just for a moment and add to your list.

So, give you a moment just to pause, add to your list, and then unpause when you are ready.

Excellent, let's get started on our next task then.

So I'm gonna talk you through prejudice and discrimination in the UK with reference to these two that are on your screen there.

So we've already slightly mentioned the 2010 Equality Act.

Essentially in 2010, the UK government passed a law, which meant that you could not be discriminated against on those protected characteristics, the ones that we mentioned earlier, which essentially protects people from being discriminated against on those characteristics.

And then also in 1948, we have the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

This is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which were signed by a number of countries across the world which all acknowledge that all human beings should have the right to be treated fairly and equally, regardless of who they are.

This contains 30 articles, which essentially protect all sorts of different rights, including the right to not be discriminated against and to be treated equally.

So we do have a number of laws, both in the UK and across the world, which protect those rights that keep people safe from prejudice and discrimination.

Of course, it just doesn't stop it happening in the first place.

What it does do is say that you have that protection, should you be discriminated against based on those characteristics.

Okay, what we're gonna do now is just do some quick fire questions just to test your knowledge so far of what we've done.

So you'll see that each of the options will have either true or false.

And what I'd just like you to do is to write on your piece of paper in your books whether you think the answer is true or false.

I will then give you the answer and then we can move on to the next question.

So, first question, prejudice means prejudging someone without a just cause.

Is that true or false? Okay, three, two, one, write your answer.

Okay, the answer is true.

Yeah, so prejudice, when we prejudge someone without a just cause, where we don't have a right reason to do so.

Excellent, the Equality Act 2010 does not cover ageism.

Okay, three, two, one, have written your answer.

The answer is of course false.

It does cover ageism.

It means that you cannot have or be shown prejudice or be discriminated against based on your age.

Very good.

Next question.

Discrimination is an act carried out based on prejudice.

So is it true or false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

Of course, the answer is true.

So we often talk about discrimination being the act which follows based on a belief or a thought, which is the prejudice, well done.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights does not protect us against discrimination.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

The answer is of course false, because it does.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, those 30 articles which were written in 1948, which protect us from discrimination, that says that every person has the right to be treated fairly and equally.

The Equality Act of 2010 does not cover disability.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one.

Of course, that is false.

Yes, protected characteristic is whether or not someone has a disability, which means you cannot be discriminated against based on any disabilities.

All acts of discrimination against religious people are called antisemitism.

Is that true or false? Okay, three, two, one, write your answer.

Yes, of course, the answer is false.

Antisemitism is what we would use to talk about religious discrimination for those who belong to Judaism.

We have other words we might use for other religious groups.

So, well done.

The Equality Act 2010 protects people against discrimination in the workplace and wider society.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

Yep, the answer is true.

So the Equality Act 2010 in the UK protects people in the workplace, but also in wider society.

It means that you cannot be discriminated against on those protected characteristics by law.

So what I'd like us to do now is just to bring together what we've learned so far and just make sure we've got down in our books or on our piece of paper the important parts about prejudice and discrimination that we've looked at already.

So I wanted to answer the following questions, spend about five minutes on these questions, please.

Those questions are what is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? A hint there, think about thinking versus acting.

Two is list four reasons why someone might discriminate against someone else.

And as a sentence starter, you might want to use there, "Four examples of types of discrimination are.

." And then three, what is the law in the UK on prejudice and discrimination? And that sentence starter you might want to use, "The UK law prejudice and discrimination is.

." So I'd like you to pause the video now and resume once you are finished and ready to go through answers.

Okay, please make sure you've got a different coloured pen ready for your corrections.

Let's go through these answers.

Let's see what we've got and see how we're doing.

So, three answers there.

First we can say that the difference between prejudice and discrimination is that prejudice is to do with the thoughts that someone has, whereas discrimination is acting upon that prejudice.

We can say that four examples of discrimination are racism, sexism, ageism, homophobia, Islamophobia, antisemitism on the basis of religion, disability, gender reassignment, relationship status, being pregnant or on maternity leave.

Obviously you didn't have to write all of those, but those are the list that you could have chosen from.

And we've also got the UK law on prejudice and discrimination is that no one should be discriminated against in the workplace or wider society, which is based on those protected characteristics.

Employers who break the Equality Act 2010 have broken the law and can be fined.

So if you need to make any corrections, please pause now and make those corrections.

If not, let's get started on the next section of our lesson.

Well done.

So what we're gonna start looking at now is different types of prejudice and discrimination with reference to sexism, first of all.

So, sexism is defined as prejudice and discrimination based on sex.

So what I'd like you to do is just to pause for a moment, please, and write down that definition there of sexism, then unpause when you're ready.

Excellent.

Thank you for writing down that definition.

Let's think of some examples, and what might this look like? So, for example, this might be to do with the roles of men and women.

Some people might think based on someone's sex that they should have certain roles, probably more commonly heard of are things like that men should work and women should stay at home and look after any children.

And so for a number of years, it wouldn't have necessarily been the norm for women in the UK to have worked.

And now we might say that is very different.

We might have also referred to some forms of sexism when women had to fight for the right to vote in the UK.

So until 1918 women did not have the right to vote in the UK.

And we might also refer to this in relation to the pay gap.

So in April, 2021, the government published that there was a difference on average hourly earnings of 7.

9% between men and women, men being paid on average 7.

9% more per hour than a woman.

So we might say there's some examples of sexism that exist in the UK.

So where does this come from? We might be sitting here thinking, I don't understand why is it that we have prejudice and discrimination based on sex? A number of reasons might be given, but this is just some ways of trying to understand why sexism might occur.

Firstly, there might be the argument that biologically men and women are different and therefore are more accustomed or suited to certain roles.

So, some people might say that biologically men are stronger and therefore should be given different certain roles, but not everyone will always agree with this.

Secondly, and you'll note that I've used a different term here, gender.

It is important for me to point out that gender and sex are different, but we've referred to traditional gender roles here because it's how it's most commonly referred to.

So while they're not exactly the same, this is the sort of term we often come across when talking about this type of sexism, traditional gender roles is sort of like what I mentioned earlier, why, where some people believe that there are traditional roles that a man should have and a woman should have.

And most traditionally, almost often this is referring to this idea that men should work and women should look after the house, the home and the children.

So there could be sexism based on people having those views, that this is how men and women should be.

We could also argue, and some people do argue, that some religious teachings might support sexism.

And later on in the lesson, we are gonna consider some religious views and how this might either support or not support sexism, or how, in fact, it could be interpreted that people have used it to support sexism.

So it is a very difficult topic to try and discuss and pinpoint where it all comes from.

We know what sexism is, and we know they're protected against it in the Equality Act, but it isn't always clear where sexism originates from, but these are some examples we could use.

So we're gonna do some quick-fire questions just to keep our brains active, and then we'll do a task later on.

We're sort of bringing all this together and looking at religious views.

So let's get ready to do some quick-fire questions.

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

It is false.

So not sexual orientation, not someone's sexuality.

Sexism is prejudice and discrimination based on sex.

Sexism is prejudice/discrimination based on sex, you'll be good at this one since you probably have heard me say the answer already.

So is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

The answer is true.

Yeah, so that is how we would define sexism, prejudice and discrimination based on someone's sex.

Some believe sexism is influenced by views on the biological differences between men and women.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

The answer is true.

So we did say, didn't we, that some believe this is an influence of roles or views people have on the roles, sorry, of these biological differences between men and women.

So, some people believe this is where sexism comes from.

It's because of these views that have been around that men and women are biologically different and therefore suited to different things.

Views on biological differences are the only reasons why sexism exists.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

The answer is false.

So, it isn't the only reason why sexism exists.

This is just one of the reasons someone might give for why they believe sexism does exist.

Traditionally, usually the role of the woman was to work and provide for the family.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

Yes, the answer is false.

So, traditionally, and usually, not always, but we might have found that people believed that the woman was to provide for the family by looking after the home and any children, not to work.

Some may interpret religious teachings to suggest men are superior to women.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

Good.

The answer is true.

Some people do believe some religious teachings do suggest men are superior, more important than women.

We are gonna look a bit more in detail about those religious views, but you're right if you put the answer was true.

Well done.

All religious teachings suggest that men are superior to women.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write your answer.

Good.

The answer is false.

So we can't argue that.

And I said, we will look in more detail in a moment as to those different religious teachings, but we cannot argue that all religious teachings suggest men are superior.

Very good.

So as promised, we're gonna have a look at some religious views on sexism.

We'll start with Christianity, and we'll look at three main teachings.

These teachings have been often used to describe how Christians believe that everyone should be treated equally, that no one is different in the eyes of God.

And one of these verses has been seen as a controversial verse, which is need to some interpretation, which has perhaps led to some views that men and women are equal, but with different roles.

And perhaps even some people might argue that that goes as far as to suggest that some Christians might say that men are superior, but we'll discuss that a little bit more in a moment.

So, start off with verse one and it might be a verse you've heard of before.

If not, that's fine.

It says all humans are made in the image of God.

So the verse in Genesis, beginning of the Bible says, "So God created human beings, making them to be like himself.

He created them male and female." Now this verse is often used to talk about the equality of male and female, but also the importance of human beings.

They're special, they are precious, that they are made in God's image, which suggests they reflect God and God's qualities.

That's different to how animals are made.

So, it really sets apart humans in how special and precious they are.

And for many Christians, this teaching shows very clearly that male and female are equal, that there should be no difference between them and that any discrimination based on those would be wrong because they are precious and equal in the eyes of God.

Now, of course we could select that end bit, couldn't we? It says created them male and female.

There is a distinction.

So, he made male and female.

And so some Christians may argue that this suggests that men and women can have different roles, but those roles are seen as equal in value.

So it doesn't matter if they do different roles because they're both equally important.

So, on the whole that verse is talk about equality, but especially, and the most importantly, the how precious human life is to God.

And so for many Christians, as we said, this is about treating everybody equally, that sexism is wrong.

And even those Christians who would argue it suggests there are different roles between male and female, that these roles are equal roles.

The second verse is from Galatians in the New Testament, which says there is no difference between Jews and Gentiles, that's a non-Jew, between slaves and free people, between men and women.

You are all one in union with Christ Jesus.

I think that's nice and clear, isn't it? That that verse is suggesting that everybody is equal.

There is no difference between them and therefore it would be wrong to treat them differently based on their sex, between male and female.

But even there, it talks about other groups as well, doesn't it? Jews and Gentiles, between slaves and free.

Everyone is one in union with Jesus Christ.

So for many Christians, this is clearly suggesting that sexism is wrong because everyone is seen as precious and equal in the eyes of Jesus.

And I did say there was a more controversial sort of teaching that we look at.

And this is from Paul's letter to the Corinthians where it says, "The women should keep quiet in the meetings.

They're not allowed to speak; as the Jewish Law says, they must not be in charge." So, this one is a little bit more problematic, 'cause it does look, doesn't it, straight off the bat, first of all, that this is saying they can't be in charge.

Women cannot have a leadership role, that they cannot speak in church, that they cannot take part in preaching.

And so some Christians do take this verse from Corinthians and suggest that women cannot lead worship.

So you can't become a priest or become a vicar.

And this could be seen by some as sexism and saying, "Well, why can't a woman speak in church?" However, there is also a lot of context here.

Some Christians might argue that this was referring to a very specific time and place and it was to do with women prophesizing.

But nevertheless, it has been used to suggest that women have certain things that they shouldn't do, and one of those is to lead worship.

However, predominantly these Christian verses suggests that everyone should be treated equally and those roles are equal.

So, regardless if they do different roles or not, they are equal in value.

So, what we're gonna do is do some questions just based on this direction that we understand these three verses, that we understand the underlying message from all of them, but also consider why some of these verses might be seen as sexist by some people.

So I'm gonna make my camera disappear, give you some questions, and then we'll have a go and then go through corrections.

What we're going to do on the next slide is to pause the video to complete your task.

What I'll do is I'll give you the questions.

I'll read them out.

Then I want you to pause the video and then resume when you're ready to correct.

So your task is to complete the following true or false questions.

I want you to write out the whole sentence and then use the sentence starter to determine whether it's true or false, and give me why.

It's really important that you do this so it's nice and clear in your notes.

So the first one is the creation story implies all people are created equally, whether that's true or false and why.

We can't find any verses within the Bible, other than in Genesis, to show that men and women are seen as equal.

Is that true or false, because.

Paul's letter to the Corinthians has led to some examples of prejudice and discrimination.

Is that true or false, because.

And all Christians believe that men and women are not equal and therefore should have different roles.

Is that true or false, and why? So pause the video now, please, do your work, and unpause when you are ready to go through corrections.

Excellent.

Well done.

Thank you so much for doing that.

Please have a different colour pen ready for your corrections.

We'll go through the answers and then we'll look at Islam.

So for question one, the creation story implies all people are created equally.

Well, that is true because it talks of everyone being made in God's image.

Therefore, all humans are special and precious, regardless of their sex.

Well done if you got that.

We can't find any verses within the Bible, other than in Genesis, to show that men and women are seen as equal is false, because the passage from Galatians says there is no difference between male and female, and that all are one in Jesus.

Paul's letter to the Corinthians has led to some examples of prejudice and discrimination is true, because some have interpreted this to mean that men and women are not equal, or perhaps maybe referenced to the fact that some churches do not allow women to become priests.

That could be an example, couldn't it? And then all Christians believe men and women are not equal, and therefore should have different roles, is false, because some might believe this, but as many Christians may say that men and women are equal in value, but should have different roles, but some may say men and women are equal and can have the same roles.

So, well done if you've got those answers correct.

If you need to make any corrections, please pause now, and then resume when you're ready to look at Islam with me.

So, we're gonna move on to Islam now and their views on sexism, looking specifically at three teachings, two from the Qur'an and one which is sort of more generalised view within Islam based on Islamic teachings.

So the first one from the Qur'an says, "Whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer - those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged." And that's clearly, isn't it, suggesting that doesn't matter what sex you are.

What is important is whether or not you follow the teachings of Islam.

So, this clearly suggesting that men and women are equal, and what sets you apart, what makes you different, is if you've done good deeds or bad deeds and that anyone can enter Paradise, doesn't matter your sex.

So, clear suggestion that men and women are equal.

The Qur'an also does say, though, "Men are in charge of women by right of what Allah has given one over the other." That can be, for some people, for some Muslims, an indication that men are in charge, are superior to women, have a right to be in charge, and so we do get from this, perhaps some traditional views within Islam, not all Muslims will think this, but some Muslims will think that there are traditional roles of men and women.

A man is in charge of the family, the household, and should work, provide for the family, and that the woman's job is to care for the home and look after the children, but also to raise the children in the faith.

While that might be true, and why some Muslims might think there are these traditional roles based on perhaps this teaching, many Muslims would suggest that those roles are equally as important.

You know, if a man didn't provide for the family, then they wouldn't have any money to help raise the children.

But also if the woman didn't look after the home and make sure that the children were well raised in Islam, then what is the point of that man going out to work and get money for the family? So while yes, there are some teachings which suggest that men are superior to women within Islam, we also do have a clear indication in Islam that men and women are equal.

It doesn't matter.

It's about your good deeds and being a good Muslim.

Let's do some quick-fire questions just based on those Islamic views.

Then what we'll do is move on to some different views on prejudice and discrimination.

So, we've looked at sexism.

We're then gonna look at homophobia.

So, quick-fire questions.

According to the Qur'an, men and women are of equal value.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

The answer is of course true.

So, many Muslims, or all Muslims, would believe that the Qur'an does suggest that men and women are of equal value.

Many Muslims would support traditional roles of men and women.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

The answer is true.

Yeah, many Muslims would support this, and so the Qur'an does suggest that there are particular roles that men and women should have, that these are equal.

Traditionally, the women's role in Islam is usually to work and provide money for the family.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

The answer is false.

So, traditionally, and not always, but many Muslims might suggest that the women's role in Islam is to provide for the children, look after the home, but also to raise the children in the faith.

Well done if you got those right.

We're gonna move on now to looking at homophobia, another form of prejudice and discrimination.

So we're now gonna have a look at a different type of prejudice and discrimination, this time based on sexual orientation, which is often referred to as homophobia.

You might often hear this term LGBT, which stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.

Some examples of homophobia might include gay relationships being banned in some countries, or LGBT people being the target of violence.

Now, it is important just to distinguish that when we talk about LGBT, the T standing for transgender, homophobia is not the term we usually would use for prejudice and discrimination based on gender reassignment.

We would use transphobia.

So, just a distinction to make.

So, I've given you some examples of homophobia, but to go into a bit more depth of that.

So, in the UK, in 1967, we passed a law, which meant that the age of consent for homosexual acts was over the age of 21.

Now, the age of consent for heterosexuals is 16.

And many people saw this as discrimination based on your sexual orientation.

It wasn't until 1994, where the age of consent was reduced to 16, to be the same as a heterosexual relationship.

Also, at the time of filming this, there is an ongoing debate in parliament about something called gay conversion therapy.

So, currently in the UK, gay conversion therapy is used to try and cure those who are homosexual.

And there isn't any, if much evidence, to suggest actually works, but so many people will see it's a form of discrimination that they're made to go through gay conversion therapy to try and make them not homosexual.

So, where does this come from? You know, why does homophobia exist? It might be a question that many people ask.

Some people say ignorance, a misunderstanding, a misconception, not knowing much about homosexuality and therefore forming their own views, having prejudice, prejudging what that relationship might be like.

Some people might argue it comes from these traditional gender norms. Remember, we talked about earlier, gender roles is the term people often use, but really we're referring to sex here.

So, perhaps maybe homosexuality doesn't seem to be the norm in the sense of a female and male relationship.

Perhaps, maybe, that's where homophobia comes from.

And some people might argue that it's to do with religious attitudes to homosexuality.

So, some people might argue that religions teach about the purpose of relationship and who should make up that relationship, which has led to therefore some discrimination and prejudice of those who are homosexual or belong to the LGBT community.

So, let's have a look at some quick-fire questions, now.

Let's just try and make sure that we've understood what we've looked at so far.

So I'm gonna make camera disappear.

Let's do some quick-fire questions.

Homophobia is prejudice and discrimination based on sexuality.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one.

Write down your answer.

The answer is true.

Yeah, so, homophobia is prejudice or discrimination based on your sexuality or your sexual orientation.

Homosexuality was legalised in the UK in 1967, where the age of consent was 21.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

Yes, the answer is true.

So it was legalised in the UK in 1967, but with the age of consent being 21.

So this is not the same as a heterosexual couple.

The age of consent for homosexual acts has not been changed since 1967.

Is that true or false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

Good, the answer is false.

It has reduced to the age of 16 in 1994.

So now it's the same as a heterosexual couple.

So, obviously the law has changed since 1967.

Ignorance is the only cause of homophobia.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

Yep, the answer is false.

It's not the only cause of homophobia, but may be noted as one of them.

Gay conversion therapy has been used by some groups to cure homosexuality.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

The answer is true.

Now you'll see there, I've put the cure in sort of those inverted commas just to emphasise that view of many people that there is not much evidence to suggest it does actually cure you of being homosexual, but nevertheless we know that it's true, that it has been used by some groups to try and achieve that.

There is widespread approval of gay conversion therapy.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

The answer is false.

Yeah, so many people disagree with gay conversion therapy to the extent, as I said, at the time of filming, there is a lot of debate in parliament about whether or not this should therefore be banned through law.

Well done.

Some people may see gay conversion therapy as a form of discrimination.

Is that true or is that false? Three, two, one, write down your answer.

Good, the answer is true.

So of course, for many people it's been seen as discrimination 'cause it's trying to change something which cannot be changed.

It's who that person is.

Well done for writing down your answers.

We're gonna move on now to looking at some different views about homophobia.

So now we're gonna have a look at Christian views on homophobia.

We're gonna focus on four teachings, which could be used to suggest either that discrimination based on your sexual orientation is completely wrong.

And also some verses which may have led to some discrimination based on sexual orientation by some Christians, but also talk about how this might be interpreted.

So we're, first of all, gonna start with Genesis 1:27, which we looked at earlier, actually.

So, all humans are made in the image of God.

The verse says, "So God created human beings, making them to be like himself." Now, we talked earlier about how this shows a complete equality between men and women, between all humans, because all humans, regardless of any differences, are made in God's image.

They are precious, sacred, holy, loved by God.

So, some Christians would argue, of course, it's never okay to discriminate based on your sexual orientation because all humans are valued and loved equally by God.

Further on in Genesis, in Genesis 1:28, we have a command which is given to Adam and Eve.

They are told to have many children.

Now, some Christians might argue that a homosexual couple cannot biologically naturally reproduce, so cannot fulfil the command of God here to have children.

So this has led or has perhaps led to some discrimination based on sexual orientation by some Christians, by saying, "Well, homosexual acts, we cannot approve of because they don't fulfil God's command." Nevertheless, some Christians, and many Christians argue, just because you disapprove of something does not mean that you can discriminate based on that.

So, while some Christians may have used this as a basis to discriminate, lots of Christians would argue it's never okay to discriminate just because you disapprove of something.

We also have the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis.

This is the tale of two cities who are destroyed by God because of their wickedness, 'cause their bad deeds.

Some of those deeds are said to include the threat of homosexual acts.

And so some Christians might argue since God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah for their wickedness, that they too are supposed to disapprove of homosexual relationships.

Again, while this may have led to some discrimination by some Christians based on your sexual orientation, many Christians would argue they can disapprove, but it's not the same as discriminating.

And then lastly we have Jesus teaching to love your neighbour as you love yourself.

Now, I like this quotation, first of all, 'cause I know people find it easy to remember, but second of all, I like it because it's deeper than that just easy love your neighbour.

It's not as easy as just saying you should love people because, you know, they're close to you.

They're human beings just like you.

It's based on a type of love called agape love, this unconditional self-sacrificial love, the sort of love that God shows to human beings.

So, many Christians would argue that the best thing to do is to love someone regardless of who they are, unconditionally, and therefore any form of discrimination, and in this case, based on your sexual orientation, would be completely and utterly wrong, 'cause it's not showing the sort of love that God would show to humans.

So, let's have a look at Islam.

So again, we're gonna look at three verses here or at least three teachings, which are suggesting whether or not sexual orientation discrimination would be right, wrong, supported, not supported, whether it's bit more complicated than that.

So, start off with the Qur'an.

It says, "Indeed, you approach men with desire, instead of women.

Rather, you are a transgressing people." Now, to understand this verse, we need to understand what the word transgressing means.

Transgressing means that you're moving away from what you should be doing.

So, I often use the example of my students in my school saying, "If you were not to be handing in your homework, then you are a student transgressing, and moving away from what you should be doing." So this verse is saying to men, if you approach other men with desire rather than a woman, then you are transgressing from what God intended.

So many Muslims would say this is clearly showing that homosexuality, these actions are wrong, and going against what God intended.

Some Muslims would argue it's about the acts, not the feelings.

This is clearly saying about the actions being wrong.

But nevertheless, this has or could have led to some discrimination based on your sexual orientation by some Muslims. Other Muslims would argue that, yes, that's going as what God intended, but doesn't mean you can discriminate because they are still a creation of God and therefore should be loved the same.

In Shari'ah law, which is Islam's legal system, which is based on a number of sources like the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the consensus of the Muslim community, homosexuality is a punishable offence, either through the death penalty, prison, or a fine.

So many Muslims would disapprove, at the very least, of homosexuality, because Shari'ah has told them that this is an offence which should be punished.

This has perhaps led to some discrimination too, as seen as a punishable offence from Islam, from Shari'ah law, has led to some Muslims discriminating, but lots of Muslims would argue it's still not okay to discriminate.

It's okay to disapprove, and it is the feelings that are not okay to discriminate against, but the actions can be punished.

And many Muslims would also be against discrimination even though they disagree with homosexuality.

They are not the same thing.

Disagreeing with something is different to then acting upon those thoughts you have about something being right or wrong.

So, many Muslims would argue that they might disagree with homosexuality, but would say it's never okay to go as far as discriminating against.

Right, let's bring together what we've done on homosexuality and homophobia so far with our religious views by answering some questions.

So I'd like you to pause the video on the next slide, please, to complete your task, and then resume once you are finished.

Let's go through the questions together first.

So I want you to all complete the following true or false questions by writing up true or false because.

So you've got some Christians may not approve of homosexuality, true or false because.

All Christians allow discrimination based on sexuality, true or false because.

Islam is generally against homosexual relationships, true or false because.

And all Muslims believe it's permissible to discriminate based on sexuality, true or false because.

I'd like to pause the video here, please, and then unpause when you are ready to resume and go through corrections.

So, please have a different coloured pen ready for your corrections.

Let's go through those answers together.

So question one, some Christians may not approve of homosexuality is true, because some believe God instructed males and females to reproduce, and homosexual relationships cannot naturally reproduce.

All Christians allow discrimination based on sexuality is false because although some might disagree with homosexuality, Christians are taught to love your neighbour, which means loving unconditionally.

Islam is generally against homosexual relationships is true because Shari'ah law outlines in some instances the punishment for homosexual acts is death.

All Muslims believe it's permissible to discriminate based on sexuality is false because many Muslims believe all humans are created by Allah and should be respected.

So I'd like you to pause now, make those corrections, and then resume once you are finished with your corrections.

Well done.

So, let's just pop my camera back up.

There I am.

Hello.

So, a huge thank you for taking part in the lesson today.

I know it has been a sensitive topic to discuss, but I really appreciate you working hard, thinking hard during the lesson, and completing those tasks for me.

So, please make sure you complete the end of lesson quiz.

I really look forward to seeing you all again soon for another lesson.

Thank you.

Goodbye.