The part of the nucleotide that differs between the four types; A, T, C and G.

Small chemical group that makes up a protein polymer, there are 20 types.

A section of DNA that holds the genetic code for a protein.

A copy of a gene that is made and transported from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

A structure in all cells whose function is to build proteins.

Protein synthesis

Biology

The genome

The chemical structure of DNA

The genome, the environment and phenotype

The genetic code

Mutations and genetic variants

Genetic variants in genes can influence phenotype

Genetic variants in non-coding DNA can influence phenotype

Pupils will learn about dominant and recessive alleles, and how to use models of single gene inheritance to make predictions about the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

Pupils learned about flower structure, wind and insect pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation and dispersal.

This unit covers the structure and function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, DNA as the genetic material, and key genetic terms. It also explains protein synthesis, genetic variants, and how DNA structure affects proteins. The emphasis is on using models to explain scientific concepts.

DNA and the genome

Different organisms have different bases.

There are four bases in DNA molecules. Which statement about bases is true?

To make a protein, the genetic code of one gene is copied into a messenger molecule. What is this messenger molecule called?

There is one triplet code for each amino acid.

Each amino acid has 20 different triplet codes.

Each amino acid has 64 different triplet codes.

Twenty different amino acids are used to make proteins. The genetic code is a triplet code. Which statement is true about the genetic code?

small molecules that are joined together to make protein polymers

the fluid part of a cell that contains the organelles

a section of DNA that holds the genetic code to build a protein

an organelle that is the site of protein synthesis

large organelle that contains the chromosomes

True or false? Translation is the process of copying the DNA genetic code to make an mRNA molecule.

The DNA genetic code of a gene is copied to form a messenger molecule, mRNA.

The mRNA detaches from the DNA and is small enough to leave the nucleus.

In the cytoplasm, the mRNA attaches to a ribosome.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.

Amino acids join together in an order determined by the mRNA molecule.

The amino acid chain folds to determine the structure of a protein.

Put the events of protein synthesis in the correct order.

DNA nucleotide bases code for the amino acids that are used to build proteins. How many bases code for one amino acid?

Some proteins have an active site that allows them to speed up chemical reactions in cells. What is the name of this group of proteins?

Which of the following base pairs are found in DNA molecules?

Which part of a DNA molecule carries the instructions for making a protein?

True or false? Prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells have no nucleus, so they contain no nucleic acids and can’t use DNA as the molecule that holds the genetic code.

Protein synthesis

Lesson outcome