Hello, my name is Miss Willow, and I'll be your teacher today.

This lesson is called "Rashes, Bites, Stings, Allergies and Anaphylaxis." It fits into the unit, Staying Safe and Healthy: What do I Need to Know about Minor Ailments? During this lesson, we're going to be talking about physical illness, so we recommend that you have an adult with you for the duration of this lesson.

If at any point you do feel worried or uncomfortable, it's really important that you close the screen and that you find an adult that you trust to talk to.

Okay, let's make a start.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe symptoms of rashes, bites, stings, allergies, and anaphylaxis, and you'll know how to support yourself.

Before we get started with today's lesson, we need to go over some ground rules.

These help to make sure that everyone feels comfortable in today's lesson.

Laura says that we need to listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before we make any assumptions or before we decide how to respond.

When we disagree with someone else, it's important to challenge the statement and not the person themselves, and it says we need to respect each other's privacy.

We can discuss examples, but we shouldn't use any names or descriptions that identify anyone including ourselves.

If we do want to share a story or an experience, we could refer to someone as my friend, as this means that we're not giving any identifying information.

Izzy says, we can choose our level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or to join in with discussion, and we should never put anyone on the spot, as this can make someone feel uncomfortable.

And finally, Jacob says, no judgement.

We can explore our beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged.

We're now going to go through the keywords for today's lesson.

Our first keyword is bite.

This is a wound caused by fangs, pincers, or a sting.

Rash, this is an area of irritated or swollen skin.

It's often read, itchy, and it can be painful.

Sting, this is an injury caused by the venomous stinger of insects or plants.

Allergy, this is a reaction by the immune system to substances that are usually harmless.

And finally, anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can cause breathing difficulties.

Today's lesson is split into two learning cycles.

The first learning cycle is called, How can I self-care for bites, rashes, and stings? And our second learning cycle is called, When do I need to seek medical support? Let's make a start on our first learning cycle.

How can I self-care for bites, rashes, and stings? Dr.

Elsie says, there are many things that can irritate our skin.

The most common are rashes, stings, and insect bites.

Sometimes you can also get a mild allergic reaction for these which can be uncomfortable.

It's important to recognise the symptoms of these and to understand how to self-care for them.

However, you also need to know when these can be more serious and when you might need to seek medical help.

When we have an allergic reaction to an allergen, this is something that causes an allergic reaction.

For example, a bite, a sting, or a rash from a plant.

The immune system may overreact by producing antibodies that will attack the allergen.

Often our immune responses are mild.

For example, we might have some swollen skin in the area of an insect bite or red bumps in the form of a rash.

However, sometimes it can be more serious and it needs to be treated by a medical professional.

Laura says, I have a red swollen bump that is really itchy.

What is it, Dr.

Elsie? Dr.

Elsie says that it looks like you have a small insect bite.

These are normally nothing to worry about, but try not to scratch it as otherwise you might tear the skin and this can open it up to infection.

Insect bites are most often caused by mosquitoes, ants, spiders, fleas, ticks or bedbugs.

When you are bitten, a small amount of this insect saliva enters your bloodstream.

Your body sees this as an allergen and your body responds by becoming itchy or the skin developing a bump or a rash.

Here are some symptoms of an insect bite.

You might have a small bump that's sometimes hard.

It might be raised and swollen, it could be itchy.

There could be some redness, and occasionally it can have pus.

Some ways to care for an insect bite include, gently washing the area with mild soap and water, using a cold compress or ice pack to help reduce the swelling.

We should do this for at least 10 minutes.

We should raise the affected area if possible.

Although it can be hard to resist, it's important to try not to scratch the area as this can lead to infection, and we can also take over-the-counter medication such as a bite cream or an antihistamine, and a trusted adult can help us with this.

Pharmacist Harper says, most shops will only sell over-the-counter medication to someone who's 16 or over.

If you do decide to use some medication, you must do this under the supervision of a trusted adult and follow the advice and dosage recommended on the packet or by a pharmacist.

Let's do a check for understanding to see how you're doing with this learning cycle.

Which of these options would help to care for an insect bite? Looking at the photos, can you decide, how could you care for an insect bite? Pause the video, tell the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that A and C are correct.

If we have an insect bite, we can apply an ice pack or cold compress for at least 10 minutes and we can also wash the area with mild soap and water.

Well done If you said that these were correct and that B is incorrect because we should avoid scratching the area as this can lead to infection.

Rashes are skin irritations.

These can be caused by allergies, infections, heat, or other conditions.

Some symptoms of a rash can include, swelling or raised bumps, redness or pale skin, blisters or oozing in some more serious cases.

You might have an itching or burning sensation, dry peeling or scaly skin, and pain or tenderness sometimes which is hot to touch.

Dr.

Elsie says that there are things that you can do to help a rash.

We can keep the area clean and dry by patting and not rubbing.

We can use ice packs to reduce inflammation.

We can moisturise using natural oils like coconut oil or use a cooling gel like aloe vera to soothe the skin.

We can also wear loose, breathable clothing.

Let's do another check for understanding, what is missing from the list of ways to self-care for a rash? We already have moisturised using natural oils or user cooling gel and keeping the area clean and dry by patting and not rubbing.

Can you remember the other ways to care for a rash? Pause the video, talk to the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that the missing ways to self-care for a rash are wearing loose and breathable clothing and using ice packs to reduce inflammation.

A sting can also be irritating and painful.

A sting is caused when the skin is wounded or pierced.

You can be stung by animals like a jellyfish, an insect like a bee or wasp, plants like a stinging nettle or giant hogweed.

Stinging nettles can be recognised by the thin hairs on the stem and the toothed leaves.

Dr.

Elsie says that being stung can be very painful and you may have a very red and sore bump.

If you are stung by insects like a bee, wasp or hornet, they sometimes leave their stingers behind.

These can be gently removed using clean fingers or tweezers, but we should always get help from an adult if we need to do this.

Bees and wasps look similar, but wasps have longer bodies and bees have slightly rounder bodies and they are hairier too.

Nurse Daniel says that stings can be treated in similar ways to bites and rashes.

You can wash the area, use ice to call the swelling, and take over-the-counter medications to help relieve the symptoms. However, some people are allergic to stings and they can have a much more serious reaction, and this is called anaphylaxis.

Let's do another check for understanding, what should you do if you are stung by an insect and it leaves its stingers behind? Can you remember? Pause the video, talk to the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that you should gently remove the stinger using clean fingers or tweezers with help from an adult.

There are lots of different useful over-the-counter medications for bites, rashes, and stings.

These include paracetamol, which can reduce the symptoms of pain.

Ibuprofen, this can reduce swelling.

Antihistamines in either pills or a cream can block the histamines in our body, the chemical that causes swelling and itchiness.

Calamine lotion soothes itching and irritation, and a Cortisone cream 1% can relieve redness, swelling, and irritation.

Dr.

Elsie says that if you're worried about any mild symptoms from a bite, rash or sting, you can use the NHS website, call 111, or speak to your doctor or pharmacist for help.

Let's do another check for understanding.

If you want advice on how to care for a mild bite, rash or sting, you can, A, call the NHS on 111, B, visit the NHS website, or C, call the emergency line 999.

What do you think? Tell the people around you will have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that A and B are correct.

If you want some advice on caring for a mild bite, rash or sting, you can call the NHS on 111, or visit the NHS website.

We shouldn't call 999 unless it is an emergency.

Let's move on to our first practise task.

Sam has either a bite, rash or sting.

First of all, I'd like you to decide which condition Sam has and then I'd like you to recommend some self-care treatments that she could use to make herself feel better.

Sam says, I have a small patch of red bumps on my arm.

They're a little bit swollen and raised, they're very itchy, and my skin is a little bit dry and scaly to touch.

It's a bit painful and sore, but it's starting to get better.

Pause the video and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, let's see what you might have said.

Your answers could have included that Sam seems to have a rash.

Some self-care treatments that she could use include, keeping the area clean and dry by patting and not rubbing, cooling the skin to reduce inflammation, using a moisturiser like coconut oil or a cooling gel like aloe vera to soothe the skin, and she could wear loose, breathable clothing.

Well done if you had any of these.

It is time to move on to our second learning cycle.

When do I need to seek medical support? Most people have mild allergic reactions to bites, stings and rashes, and we can manage these symptoms through self-care treatments and some over-the-counter medications.

However, sometimes the symptoms can be more serious and we might need to seek medical attention.

Dr.

Elsie says that if you're worried about any symptom, always get medical advice.

However, if you have serious or severe symptoms, you should always call 999 for emergency help.

If you have a bites, rash or sting, plus one of the following symptoms, you should get an urgent GP appointment or seek medical help as soon as possible.

For bites and stings, if your symptoms worsen or do not improve after a few days.

If you've been stung or bitten inside the mouth, throats or near the eyes, if the area is swollen and red or if the bite becomes infected or if you are having difficulty breathing.

With a rash, you should seek urgent medical help if you have a higher temperature, which is over 38 degrees, if you feel sweaty or a shivering, if the rash starts to blister, the rash starts to spread, or the rash doesn't disappear when pressed with a glass.

Dr.

Elsie says that there are some conditions such as meningitis that are serious and need immediate medical attention.

Therefore, it's important to know the signs of meningitis.

Meningitis may start with a rash that does not go away when a glass is pressed against it, but you may also have symptoms that include a high temperature, vomiting, a headache, dislike of bright lights and a stiff neck.

Someone may also appear drowsy or unresponsive.

Let's do another check for understanding.

Is this statement true or false? You need to seek medical attention if your rash starts to blister as this could be a sign of infection.

What do you think? Tell the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said that this is true.

A severe allergy can cause a reaction called anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that happens very quickly.

It can be caused by food, medicine or insect stings, and immediate medical help is needed.

999 is the emergency services number, but you can also call 112 and this connects to the same service.

Some mobiles also have an emergency call button.

Anaphylaxis causes the body's immune system to release a wave of chemicals.

These can make someone go into shock, and this could be life threatening.

People who know that they have severe allergic reactions may carry an adrenaline autoinjector.

This is an injection of epinephrine, adrenaline, that can be self-administered even through clothes.

It prevents the body from shutting down and manages the response to the allergy.

Even if this is used, 999 must still be contacted.

Some symptoms of anaphylaxis include wheezing or having trouble breathing, a swollen face, mouth, or throat, or difficulty swallowing or feeling sick or being sick.

Someone experiencing anaphylaxis could also experience a fast heart rate, feeling faint or dizzy or losing consciousness.

Let's do another check for understanding.

I'd like you to finish the sentence.

People who have severe allergic reactions may carry a, A, adrenaline autoinjector, B, antihistamine autoinjector, or C cortisone autoinjector.

What do you think? Pause the video, tell the people around you or have a think to yourself.

Well done if you said the A is correct.

People who have severe allergic reactions may carry an adrenaline autoinjector.

Well done if you got this right.

It's time to move on to our final practise task and you've done a great job so far, well done.

Jacob's class are doing a first aid project.

Write the text for a poster to increase awareness of anaphylaxis.

I'd like you to include the following information, what an anaphylactic reaction is, what the symptoms are, what you should do if someone has an anaphylactic reaction.

Pause the video and we'll go through some potential answers in a few minutes.

Okay, your poster text may have included the following.

Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction when the body releases a wave of chemicals, it can happen very quickly and can be caused by food, medicine or insect stings.

It can be very serious and symptoms include having trouble breathing, a swollen face, mouth, or tongue, feeling dizzy or nauseous or losing consciousness.

If someone experiences this, immediate medical help is needed, you can call 999 in emergencies.

Finally, some people who know that they have allergies carry an adrenaline autoinjector, which can be a administered, but medical attention is still necessary.

Well done if you had this or something similar.

We are now going to summarise the key learning from today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we have learned that there are many things that can irritate our skin.

The most common are insect bites, rashes and stings.

Ways to self-care for these include gently washing the area with mild soap and water, using a cold compress and avoiding scratching as this can cause infection.

Over-the-counter medications like antihistamine, paracetamol, and ibuprofen can also help, but they must be used under the supervision of an adult.

Sometimes people will have serious allergies and this may need immediate medical help.

Symptoms of anaphylaxis can include having trouble breathing or swallowing, a fast heart rate, a swollen mouth, face or throat, feeling dizzy or nauseous or losing consciousness.

Anaphylaxis is life-threatening, so medical support must be sought, for example by calling 999.

In today's lesson, we've talked about some difficult topics.

If you have any worries or questions, it's important that you speak to an adult that you trust.

There's also some resources on the screen that are there to help you too.

Well done for your hard work in today's lesson.

I hope to see you in another lesson soon.