Hi, I'm Miss Kumar and I'm really pleased that you've chosen to learn with me today.

Today's lesson is smoking and vaping, which is within our unit, "Risky Substances, What Do I need to Know About Tobacco and Vaping?" Some parts of the lesson might feel upsetting or uncomfortable.

We recommend that you are accompanied by an adult.

If at any stage you do feel uncomfortable or upset, close the video and speak to a trusted adult.

The outcome for today's lesson is I can explain what smoking and vaping are and why people might choose to do them.

Before we begin our lesson, let's revisit those all important ground rules.

Laura reminds us to, "Listen to others.

It is okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

When disagreeing, challenge the statement not the person." Andeep reminds us to, "Respect privacy.

We can discuss examples, but don't use names or descriptions that identify anyone, including ourselves." Jacob reminds us, "No judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic," but we need to do this, "without fear of being judged." And finally, Izzy reminds us that we can, "Choose our own level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose whether or not they want to answer a question or join in a discussion.

We must never put anyone on the spot." Throughout the lesson today, you'll notice that there are some words in bold black font.

These are our keywords.

Let's take a quick look at the keywords and their definitions before we begin.

Cigarette, this is a thin stick of tobacco wrapped in paper that people smoke.

It's bad for health and can cause many serious diseases.

Tobacco, this is a plant that is dried and then smoked.

Nicotine.

Nicotine is a highly addictive stimulant substance.

Addictive, if something is addictive, it makes you want to keep using it or doing it even if it is not good for you.

And finally, vape.

A vape is an electronic device that simulates smoking.

It's filled with various chemicals to create a vapour which is inhaled.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

Let's start with part one.

What is smoking? Cigarettes are rolls of shredded tobacco.

Tobacco starts life as a plant.

Once it's harvested, it's then dried and rubbed.

It can then be made into cigarettes.

Smoking is the act of burning tobacco and inhaling or breathing in the smoke.

When tobacco is burned, it releases nicotine along with lots of other chemicals or substances.

Nicotine is highly addictive and actually addiction to nicotine can happen after just a few days of infrequent inhalation or breathing in of nicotine.

When nicotine is inhaled or breathed in, it causes dopamine to be released in the brain.

Dopamine is a feel-good chemical.

We sometimes call it a happy hormone.

The effects of dopamine are only temporary, that means they don't last very long.

This is why the brain can then begin to crave or want that feeling again and that can lead to addiction to nicotine.

When a cigarette is lit, nicotine and other chemicals are inhaled or breathed in.

There are around 70 cancer-causing substances or carcinogens within cigarette smoke, including tar, which is a sticky brown substance, that can get trapped in the lungs and cause staining of the fingers and teeth.

Arsenic, which is a toxic metallic element, and carbon monoxide, which is a toxic gas.

Carbon monoxide can actually reduce the amount of oxygen that your red blood cells can carry around the body.

Let's have a look at this check for understanding.

What is the highly addictive substance in cigarettes? Is it, A, tobacco, B, nicotine, or C, tar? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is B, nicotine.

Well done, if you got that right.

People might choose to take up smoking for a variety of reasons.

Some smokers believe that it can relieve stress or that it can improve their mood.

Some people might take up smoking due to peer pressure, to try and fit in with their friends or peers around them.

Some people might smoke because members of their family smoke and others might smoke because they are addicted to the nicotine content within cigarettes.

Nicotine is a stimulant, that means that it increases the brain's activity.

It can provide some immediate but short-term effects that some people might enjoy.

Some smokers believe that it gives them a sense of relaxation.

Some smokers feel that smoking can help to relieve stress, and some smokers may feel that smoking helps to improve their concentration.

These are all short term effects, and over a longer period of time, there can be some long term consequences.

A sense of relaxation in the short term, over time, could lead to cravings for cigarettes.

Relieving stress in the short term, over a longer period of time, could cause withdrawal symptoms from cigarettes, which in turn could lead to stress and improving concentration in the short term could cause, over a longer term, a decline in brain function.

Young people may start to smoke as a way of fitting in.

They may feel peer pressure from their friends to take up smoking, or they may see people smoking on social media or smoking being glamorised in films or TV.

However, it is important to remember that a large majority of the UK population does not smoke, especially young people.

Izzy tells us that, "In 2023, less than 12% of the UK population were smokers." Let's have a look at another check for understanding.

True or false, the majority of the UK population smokes? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is false.

Have a think about why.

The majority of the UK population does not smoke.

Well done, if you got that right.

Let's take a look at the first task for this lesson.

Task A, label the cigarette with what it contains and facts about smoking that you have learned in this learning cycle.

The first one has been done for you.

Cigarettes contain nicotine and tobacco.

Feel free to pause the video, do the task, and then press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? Let's take a look at some possible answers together.

You could have written, people may start smoking due to peer pressure.

Any good feelings from cigarettes are short-term.

Cigarettes contain harmful substances such as tar and less than 12 of the UK population smokes.

Well done, if your answers were along those lines.

Let's move on to the second part of our lesson.

What is vaping? Vaping is an alternative to smoking cigarettes.

In other words, it's a substitute for smoking.

Vapes are electronic devices.

Some contain nicotine and they can simulate smoking by allowing nicotine to be inhaled or breathed in through a vapour instead of smoke.

Not all vapes contain nicotine.

Vapes work by heating a liquid known as an e-liquid.

E-liquid often contains nicotine, vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol, and flavourings.

Unlike cigarettes, vapes don't contain tar or carbon monoxide.

People might choose to vape for a variety of reasons.

It could be because they are trying to quit smoking cigarettes.

It could be because they enjoy the different flavourings of vapes.

It might be down to peer pressure.

Perhaps somebody starts to vape because their friends are vaping around them and they want to try and fit in, or it could be because they are addicted to nicotine, which can be found in some vapes.

People may start vaping as a way of trying to stop smoking cigarettes.

Nicotine, which is an addictive substance found in cigarettes, can also be found in some vapes, so some smokers might substitute cigarettes with vapes.

However, vapes do still come with health risks, for example, breathing difficulties.

We also don't really know much about the long-term risks of vaping.

Let's have a look at this check for understanding.

True or false, all vapes contain nicotine? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is false.

Have a think about why.

Not all vapes contain nicotine, although many do.

Well done, if you got that right.

Most vapes contain nicotine just like cigarettes, and that is what makes them addictive.

Someone can want to vape even though they know it is causing their body harm.

It can be really hard to stop vaping, to quit or give it up because it can cause uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms are physical or emotional signs your body is struggling to cope without something, that it's got used to having.

It could include symptoms like irritability, anxiety, or even trouble sleeping.

Vapes are advertised as having fun and tasty flavours, and they often come in packaging that is brightly coloured or attractive.

People enjoy the flavours in vapes and they often think of them as being quite harmless.

However, this is untrue because when heated and combined with e-liquid, vapes can contain a harmful mixture of substances.

Young people often try vaping due to peer pressure.

Many young people who have tried vaping have done it because their friends might be doing it or because perhaps they've seen people vaping on social media.

There are lots of myths around vaping.

Sofia asks, "Have you heard anything about vaping that could be a myth?" Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? There are lots of myths around vaping.

We are going to have a look at three of the most common myths together now.

Jun says, "Everyone vapes." This is a myth.

The fact is the majority of under 18s in the UK don't vape.

Lucas says, "Vaping isn't addictive." This is a myth.

The fact is most vapes contain nicotine, which is addictive in any form, and finally, Sam says, "Vapes aren't harmful.

It's just flavouring." This is again, another myth.

The fact is when flavourings are heated and inhaled into the lungs, they can cause damage.

Well done, if you've got any of those myths for yourself.

There are many environmental and social impacts of vaping.

Vapes are made with almost impossible to recycle or single use plastic.

The materials used in the production of vapes are hazardous or dangerous.

When disposed of, vapes can leak harmful chemicals into the environment.

Most vapes end up in landfill sites.

The cobalt that is used for vape batteries is often mined using child slave labour and the number of disposable vapes each year could fill over 20 football pitches.

Time for another check for understanding.

Which of the following statements about vaping is a myth? Is it A, most people who are under 18 in the UK don't vape? Is it B, most vapes contain nicotine or is it C, the flavours used in vapes are completely harmless? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer, of course, is C.

The flavours used in vapes are completely harmless is a myth, that is not true.

Well done, if you got that right.

That brings us to Task B.

Read the conversation between Jun and Alex.

Write a new conversation so that it doesn't contain any misconceptions or misunderstandings.

Jun says, "Everyone vapes.

Also, they aren't even addictive.

Vapes are just flavoured air." Alex says, "The flavours in vapes are completely harmless and there are no nasty chemicals in vapes, unlike cigarettes." Feel free to pause the video while you continue with this task and then press play when you're ready to look at the answers.

How did you get on? Let's take a look at some possible answers together.

Your answer for Jun might have looked like this, "The majority of people under 18 don't vape.

Vapes are addictive because most contain nicotine.

Also, it isn't just flavoured air in vapes, they contain different flavourings and chemicals, which when heated can cause health risks." Well done, if you got that right.

Now let's take a look at Alex's answer.

Your answer for Alex might have looked like this, "When the flavourings in vapes are heated and inhaled, they can be harmful to the lungs.

Even though vapes don't create tar or carbon monoxide like cigarettes, they can create harmful chemical compounds." Well done, if you got that right too.

That brings us to the third part of today's lesson.

What is the law around smoking and vaping? The UK has several existing laws around smoking.

The government is planning on creating more strict laws about smoking and vaping for young people.

Izzy asks, "What do you already know about the law on smoking?" Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? There are specific laws around smoking that are there to protect young people, you have to be over 18 years of age to buy cigarettes.

Shops can be fined up to 2,500 pounds if they are caught selling cigarettes to someone under the age of 18.

It is illegal for an adult to buy cigarettes for someone under the age of 18 and cigarette packaging must display graphic health warnings.

Cigarettes have to be sold in packaging that displays a graphic health warning.

These health warnings are often distressing or upsetting images of health conditions caused by smoking.

Laura asks, "Why do you think we have these laws?" Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

There are many reasons why we have these laws.

It's to make smoking less appealing or attractive to young people.

It's to make those people that do smoke consider or rethink the risks before they smoke.

It's to emphasise or make it very clear the risks that are associated with smoking, and finally, it's to show the reality of what smoking can do to the body.

The laws around vaping are actually very similar to the laws around smoking cigarettes.

It is illegal to vape under the age of 18 years.

It's illegal for an adult to buy a vape for anyone under the age of 18.

It's illegal for a shop to sell vapes to anyone under the age of 18.

All packaging on vapes and vaping products must display a health warning.

However, the health warning does not require graphic imagery as it does for cigarettes.

Selling vapes or buying vapes for under 18s is a punishable offence and it can mean a fine.

Time for another check for understanding.

True or false, a person over the age of 18 years can legally buy cigarettes for someone under the age of 18 years? Feel free to pause the video, have a little think and press play when you're ready to move on.

How did you get on? The answer is false.

Have a think why.

It is illegal for a person over the age of 18 to buy cigarettes for anyone under the age of 18.

Anyone who does this can be fined.

Well done, if you got that right.

Time for the final task of today's lesson, Task C.

Fill in the table about smoking and vaping.

Use the word bank on the next slide to help you.

The table has two column headings, cigarette, and vape.

For each one of these, answer the following questions.

What does it contain? Why do people choose to do it? What is the law surrounding it? Here's the word bank.

You have the words, tobacco, nicotine, tar, addictive, illegal, cigarettes, vapes, and peer pressure.

Feel free to pause the video, carry out the task, and when you're ready to look at the answers, press play.

How did you get on? Let's take a look at some possible answers together.

Cigarettes, you could have put, what does it contain? Tobacco, tar, nicotine.

Why do people choose to do it? Stress relief or peer pressure.

People may also smoke if a member of their family does, or you could have that nicotine is addictive.

What is the law surrounding it? It is illegal to sell cigarettes to anyone under the age of 18 or for anyone over 18 to buy them for someone under the age of 18.

Let's look at the column for vapes.

What does it contain? Vapes contain nicotine, flavourings, and other chemicals.

Why do people choose to do it? People may vape due to peer pressure.

Also, nicotine is addictive.

And finally, what is the law surrounding it? It is illegal to sell vapes to anyone under 18 or for anyone over 18 to buy vapes for someone under the age of 18.

Well done, if you got your answers along those lines.

That brings us to the end of today's lesson.

Let's take a quick look at the lesson summary.

Smoking involves lighting a small rolled tube of tobacco and inhaling the smoke that is created.

Vapes can simulate smoking, some contain nicotine and create a nicotine vapour when inhaled.

People can start smoking or vaping for different reasons.

It may be due to stress or peer pressure or an enjoyment of the temporary effects.

Cigarettes and many vapes contain the addictive substance nicotine, which can mean that even infrequent use makes them addictive.

Well done on all your hard work today.

I hope that you have learned something.