Lesson video

Fantastic.

This is the first lesson of a unit on plurals and in this first grammar lesson, we are looking at nominative plurals, plurals, plurals, plurals.

What's the plural of pen.

Is it biscuit? Let's find out.

The nominative plural, our learning objectives or the [Speaks Latin] are can I recognise form and translate nominative plurals in Latin and can I translate nominative plurals in full sentences? Press pause here, if you need to get things required for today's lesson.

Many thanks and well done to students who have come prepared.

Okay.

Now look at this current form, I'm actually going to start with English, not latin and we're going to play a quick game of, I give you the singular, you give me plural.

I give you the singular, you give me the plural.

What is the plural of teacher? Teachers, Teachers.

Student, Students.

Pen, Pens.

that was incredibly easier.

How dare you patronise me in such a way.

Right.

It's going to get more difficult.

, don't you worry about that.

Now do we see how plurals with me, when we're doing plurals you really got to lean into that s.

Okay.

So it's not just teachers.

It's going to be teachers.

It's almost like a third syllable.

Okay.

So after me teachers one more time teachers.

So, okay.

I give you the singular.

You give me the plural.

Tell your screen if you know fungus, still in English.

Okay, great.

So you may know and do not wait for a second if you don't that they.

A plural of fungus meaning a mushroom is fungi and you may have pronounced it as fungi.

Right but for me, you're going to pronounce it as fungi.

Fungi.

okay, good.

Now I give you the singular, you give me the plural.

I give you the singular, you give me the plural.

Fungus, fungi.

Cactus, cacti.

Octopus, octopodes.

I can't believe you fell in my trap.

I give you the singular, you give me the plural.

Tell your screen, if you know the plural love antenna.

Lovely.

So a plural of antenna is antennae.

Right.

Obviously one is antennas.

Right.

But antennae.

Now I give you the singular, you give me the plural.

Antenna, antennae.

Formula, formulae.

Octopus, octopodes.

Come on its octopodes.

You didn't fall for it twice, did you? I give you the singular, I give you the plural.

Tell your screen if you know the plural of crisis.

Now again, one is obviously crisis but another one is crises.

crisis, crises.

I give you the singular, you give me the plural.

Crisis.

Axis.

Octopus, octopodes.

We finally got octopodes.

We got there in the end didn't we.

Now that's English and now we move into Latin.

Okay.

Now this one goes.

You've got Amicas.

What were those three endings? We have fungus formula and crisis.

Okay.

So just remember what those endings were and what they went to.

I'm not going to tell you again.

Now we're doing the plurals in Latin and its going to go like this.

The rhythm will be a bit different and we'll go.

Amicus goes to and then you will say amici and I will go, meaning friends.

You ready? The rhythm will make sense, we'll run it through a couple of times.

So it'll go like this.

Amicus goes to.

One more time, amicus goes to, meaning.

Filius goes to, meaning.

So, okay, good.

Right now do we see fili, is really weird.

The two i's there cause I, fili i.

All right.

Now lets keep going.

Puella.

What happened to formula? Did it go to formulas? It went to formula what? Puella goes to, puellae, meaning girls.

Good.

One more time.

Puella goes to? meaning? Filia goes to? Meaning? Now what happened to axis? What happened to crisis? Okay.

Try to have a go.

Canis goes to? Meaning? Iuvenis goes to? Meaning young men and octopus goes to octopodes meaning octopodes or octoposus.

Now, then we see how dogs, pens but that S trick in English doesn't always work.

Does it? Yes we know Mr. Furbert it's not young man's but it's young men.

If at any point you see two octopuses places in your life, you can say to the person that you're standing next to you.

I believe actually the plural is octopodes.

What just happened.

So.

Number, if I say what's the number of crocodila, doesn't mean I want to call a crocodile on the telephone or something.

That means it's an umbrella term for whether it's singular or plural.

Okay.

Now plurals in English usually, you put an S on the end and in Latin, the endings change according to the declension, whether it's an A word or S word or anything else word.

Alright.

Now there's two things that happen, when you have a nominative plural, your verb ending has to change to an nt, which is the they form and it is a regular they from a is sunt which means they are, it looks a bit like su which means I am, with an nt at the end for they.

Okay.

What does this look like in terms of our grammar table for nt.

Well, this is where we got up to.

I'm going to bring me in and I'm an covering outside.

This is where we got up to with our subjects and objects.

So no one is going to accuse you of learning.

You got three groups here.

I'll get rid of me.

Three groups, the a, us and everything else and what letter did singular accusative end in and the nominative is the subject term and it does the verb, the accusative is the object and it receives the verb.

Nominative does the verb, accusative receives the verb.

Now there's three new endings, do you remember them? And they're going to be down here and it's going to be not singular anymore, but the plural nominative and they are So look, this is all we're learning today, these three endings.

I E an S this is like formulae, this is like cacti so more than one cactus, more than one formula and this is like, I don't know, axis or even boxes you might think something like that.

EA is , look it's even got an S on the end.

There's no excuse for not knowing that's plural.

All right.

Okay.

What's this, all very well learning these endings in isolation, but in terms of application, this is what it looks like with puella, goes to puellae meaning girls amici meaning friends and canes meaning dogs.

Okay lets do a little practise of plurals.

[Speaks Latin] it's going to be a one finger up for the singular and two fingers out for the plural.

It's one finger out for the singular, two fingers up for the plural.

Which am I going up? Which of these counts One, two, three.

which am I going to pick? let's have Amici one, two, three.

It's going to be plural.

Amicus.

Good.

Singular filii, plural filiae.

Plural puella, singular amici again, plural.

Now what letter do singular accusatives end in M.

what letter do singular accusatives end in, now one finger up for singular, two fingers out for the plural, which am I going up pick.

I countdown three, two, one.

Which one of these I'm I going to pick.

Lets have filium three, two, one its going to be singular.

I think its a singular accusative.

That's why the singular is in that little run singular accusative end in M.

So filium is singular.

Hortum, singular, canem, singular, canes plural, canis, singular, one more time, canes, plural, canis, singular.

Navem, singular, filium, singular, amici, is plural.

Now left-hand up nominative and right hand up for the accusative.

Left-hand up for the Nominative, right hand up for the accusative.

Now which I'm I going to pick and count down three, two, one.

Which I'm I going to pick.

Lets have filium three, two, one it's going to be, accusative.

Hortum, accusative.

Filium, accusative, puella nominative, filii, nominative.

Good, stop there, just because its plural, doesn't mean to forget.

It's doing the verb.

Nominative is the subject down it does the verb.

Accusative is the object down it receives the verb.

Nominative, accusative receives the verb.

Okay.

So M on the end, everything I'm just going to make it's far too easy.

Everything on here is nominative unless, you have what letter unless you've got your accusative on which case it is, on the right hand side of your translation and that is accusative.

And there is left hand up for the nominative , right hand up the accusative.

One finger out for the singular, two fingers up for the plural, let's do nominative and accusative and three, two, one and canem is, accusative.

Canis, nominative, canes, is nominative, singular or plural canes is, plural, filii, plural, filium, singular, puellae, plural, Nominative or accusative puellae is, nominative, Puella, nominative, filium, accusative, canem, accusative, right We're ready.

Okay.

So what's going to happen is this, you're going to draw a line.

It doesn't have to look like a, blueprint for a time machine.

It's just one line down here.

We're about five, you know? So quarter of your page, just one line and then one line going horizontally and your top left write singular and your top right you write lural.

Take one minute to do that, pressing pause now.

Okay.

Lets have a quick practise before we get onto that task, the fine or quick go Amicus, singular or plural? Amicus, its singular, it's not being changed, when you learn the word for friend, it just looked like that.

Didn't it? That's nominative singular.

Amici is two, one, plural.

What's it mean? Amici means which of these two? Good.

Now say it with me, friends.

One more time, friends.

Thank you.

Filiae, is singular or plural? Lovely plural, like formulae in english.

Pater has it been changed anyway, singular or plural? Singular.

Very nice.

And filius us now, gender.

Filius son or daughter.

Good.

son.

Therefore filii means what? Two, one its sons.

The plural of filius, filii.

Filia means what? Changing one letter.

Filia is singular, daughter.

I'm just going to see filia and filiae.

Answers in three, two as the second one, filia singular like formula is feminine filae is plural like formulae.

cibus single plural.

Three, two and singular.

Rights.

We're ready.

Okay.

So main task number one is, to divide these nouns down here into singular and plural on that table that you drew a moment ago and then I'd like you to translate the plural.

So anything that's on the right hand side, you translate and don't just translate when I say translate, I mean translates it as a plural.

So you're going to need to put, I don't know, some letter on the end in order to make it make sense.

Don't just write down.

Oh, I know.

What, lets have an example here.

I know what filiae means.

It means daughter from daughter, now translate it as a plural filiae means daughters.

Okay.

So pressing force here off we go.

Right.

Different kinds of pen at the ready lets see how we did.

So before you press pause and start marking, just bear in mind that obviously, the order of these can be in any, you may have put these in any order.

That's fine by me.

So long as the singulars are on this side and the plurals on this side and that the plurals are translated, with these S's on the end.

Okay.

So press pause here and Mark your answers.

Well done.

Okay.

Excellent.

Now hands completely free.

Let's have a look and see what plurals look like in full sentences.

This is a full sentence and because it's example, number one, I'm going to do it by myself.

I don't want any help.

I want to see if I can do it on my own.

Okay.

So now the steps, first thing I do is I look at my word beginnings.

I get my ingredients.

You're familiar with this steps its another one.

So amici, oh, oh, oh amici, a one finger for the singular, two finger for the plural.

No, no, no we are looking at amici that's got to do with friend.

Patrem.

we just looking at, I don't do that, we're looking at Patre, that first bit, the beginnings and pates from father and Salutant, I'm not going to do the, Oh, oh, oh, nt on the end.

Don't look come on it's to do with greeting.

Step one, done.

You're probably thinking the next thing that I should do is, check out where my plural nominative is.

No, no, no you need to go to your verb, all will be revealed.

All right.

Sentences in English go subject, verb, object.

then you normally have the end of your sentence and lo and behold salutants, greet that is my verb.

So I go there, I label it and I check the person ending with me.

You may join him for this part, just three fingers in the air, so I put in my they.

Done.

Now I checked my nouns and I go one finger up for the singular, two finger up for the plural, left-hand out for the nominative, right hand up for the accusative.

Amici is going to be plural and it's going to be nominative.

Yeah.

So it's nom.

This is where students fall down like this, [Makes Falling Sound With Mouth] because they know that that's plural.

Amicii but then they don't do anything down here.

This is so important for step number three, similarly for over here, nt we know is they.

Don't just know it's they.

I mean look this is why verbs are fine, because you got to know nt means they.

So you write they in, you get to Amcii and you know it's plural but you forget.

This is what students do, they forget to write that S in there.

Cause that's what plural means.

They know it's plural and apply that knowledge to their translation.

Okay.

Now, Patrem.

What letter do singular accusatives end in, m.

So it's ACC and it's singular.

Does that mean I need to add anything down here.

Nodding head shaking head.

So I think, well, if it's plural, I need to add something down here but because it's singular.

I don't.

If it was plural I need to add an S but singular accusative so I leave it.

Done.

Then I translate in the order nominative, verb, accusative.

and if I have to do this one, so I'm thinking nom, verb, acc fine by me.

And it's going to be friends they greet father and actually at this point, my they is very much in brackets.

So this is a plus norm up here.

All right, Which we don't need because we have a nominative.

Alright, so I don't need my they and I go, the friends greets the father I add those the's in, the father full stop on the end.

Step four, done.

That's some very wonky tig.

Right? Then we look at one more example.

I'm going to bring you in, its kind of [Speaks Latin].

There's another sentence that you're going to see.

It's in fact much easier.

Word beginnings.

Tell me feminiae means What, it's to do with, if you go straight from the plural translation, it's amazing.

It might be plural, it might not be.

Woman, sunt, do remember what sunt means? Now you're going to want to just write are but I insist you write they, anytime you see sunt, you think that they are and laetae is to do with, pull a laetae face.

Now you might think I can't do something.

I'm incapable of being happy.

You might think.

Well, I've never seen laetae before.

Words beginnings where begins with the laet.

where have you seen that root before or that stem it's from laetus meaning happy.

Okay.

Step one.

Now do I look at my nouns next nodding heads, shaking heads.

Do I now go straight to nouns and find the plurals? Shaking is.

Do I look at verbs next? Nodding heads.

Good.

Now can you say out loud to your screen what is the verb in this Latin sentence? Is it going to be the last word? Tell me in three, two, one.

It's going to be sunt It's very nice.

Now.

So I'd almost tricked you, you normally think of verb will be the last word, sentences in Latin go subject, object, verb.

Here in fact sunt is your verb.

Okay.

We know we've already translated it as they are.

so verbs done.

We know who's doing the Ari.

Now we do number for nouns.

Okay.

Now our noun is feminae singular or plural.

Show me, singular or plural, feminae in three, two, one is plural.

Good.

Now is it nominative or accusative? We've not done plural accusative yet.

It's going to be nominative so I can write here nom, plural.

And then I just move on.

Don't I, then I just move on and do the next thing.

Now what I need to do? How do I change woman to make it plural? Do I make it womans, I'm going to make it, so I get the rubber and make it, women.

Done.

What about laetae? well, that's what we get down here and we see that in fact, look at the sentence.

We've got a nom and a verb and it's sunt so in fact latae is our adjective.

And this is one of these sentences we've got us or sunt and it's in fact just incredibly easy.

All right.

Because all you do is, you use that word that instead of doing this bit where you do this and then jump back, you just do that word, that word, that word, you actually translate it in the order it comes up and we've got the women are happy, full stop.

I'm just going to get rid of they, to save a bit of time and put the in there.

The women are happy.

Got it.

Of course you do.

Right.

What does amicus [Speaks Latin] Take your time.

Okay.

Answers in three, two.

And now they're both singular has no plural here.

No problem.

And then got nominative and accusative, the friend greets the son.

What about, [Speaks Latin] What about that one? Answers in three, two and so here we do have a plural and the sons on the nominative, the son's greet the friend.

Delightful.

Okay.

So just because you are now an expert in normative plurals, does not mean for a second, you should forget all the hard work that you've done, on sentences that look a little bit like this.

Where the tricky thing is in fact to do with the conjugation of regular verbs.

So I'm putting the attention back on those verbs.

Here we have the sentence [Speaks Latin].

Its been mistranslated as the woman greets.

Okay.

10 seconds.

What's wrong with this translation.

Go.

Three, two, one.

So can we see why this is why I put the verb person, for step two and not the case? Okay.

Because step one is actually done.

Isn't it? Supposedly, because we've got women in there and we've got greets.

Right but then he goes to the verb person and with me finger in the air, tis on the end is ost, its going to be you not singular but you plural.

There's a missing you plural here.

All right.

Okay.

Now that's done.

Now we go to our nouns.

Okay.

And then also, another mistake.

so it's going to be accusative singular.

Do I need to change woman to women.

I need to change woman to women if it's accusative singular? No, no, no.

It's singular but I do need change where is in the sentence because it's accusative.

So it's going to be the end, even though it's in the beginning of my Latin sentence its going to be the end of my English sentence when I translate it.

This is our verb.

Where's our nominative verb? Well the nominative is in the verb.

Okay.

So that means I'm going to translate it as you plural.

Tell me the rest, you tell me the rest of the sentence.

Great.

Fantastic.

You plural and I'm going to keep writing from the middle of the page, even though I know that'll be ugly.

You plural, greet the woman.

All right.

So when you see an accusative first word, yeah.

Accusative first word, not the first word of English translation, you keep going and you find the verb and you run through OST and that's your nominative right.

Step four, step three.

Done.

Okay.

Take one last look, cause it's going in three, two and.

Okay.

[Speaks Latin].

Good look.

Accusative first word, not the first word, of your english translation.

O S T she or he listens to the mother.

It's [Speaks Spanish] Good.

This one is nominative.

It's nominative singular.

So the mother listens and I think you can tell by process of elimination, what [Speaks Latin] means? Point at the screen for the right answer, it's going to be a singular or plural.

Plural.

The [Speaks Latin], the mothers listen, note how we've got this unt form, so they form there for the mothers listen.

Okay.

Right.

Now we've got one more quick mistake having to look at, [Speaks Latin] Do you remember how we translate sunt? If there's no noun there, five seconds, what's wrong with our excellent.

Off you go.

one and stop.

So we saw a sentence earlier where we had an actual noun and in the nominative plural.

Here we've not got one And we just need to remember, the sunt without a noun in the nominative plural, means they are.

Okay.

So, are excellent obviously makes no sense.

You need they in there too and the whole works with that fine.

So this over here, you might not have a nominative there.

Okay.

[Speaks Latin].

Two, one they are ready.

[Speaks Latin] Means what? Accusative, first word.

Will it be the first word of your English translation? No, it will be at the end.

[ Speaks Latin] what's the difference? Answers in two and they are both plural, [Speaks Latin] is feminists of girls, [Speaks Latin] boys.

Okay.

We're ready.

Right.

Here are six sentences, [Speaks Latin] Keep your eye in.

Okay.

Which have some plurals in, as well as also some tricky accusative first words.

If at any point you need to check your nouns table in the slide to on the worksheet.

You should take you about 10 minutes, to do all six sentences.

Don't forget the challenge.

We'll get into that in a sec, but pressing pause here to get translating off you go, okay.

Now here's that challenge and we will look okay.

So we can do a different colour pen.

Let's see how we did.

So very briefly in addition, if you wrote the girls expect that's okay.

I prefer wait and there's one more thing to have a look at, audience.

If you said the young men listen to instead of hear that's absolutely delightful and that's completely fine.

So really well done.

Great.

Really pleased if you got this isn't the city enters or the city is entered.

They entered the city.

Really well done.

Not the mother and father see, we see the mother and the father.

They are angry.

Great.

Okay.

Really well done.

Hit pause here if you did the challenge.

I'm extremely proud of you if you did the challenge.

Lets see how you did.

Okay.

There's two things left to do.

The second one is to do the exit quiz once you've marked and corrected your answers.

Which you've done now and the first one is to say goodbye to me MR. furber.

Okay.

So [Speaks Latin].

Extremely well done.

I look forward to seeing you on the translation lesson for nominative plurals and one more time.

What is the plural of octopus? Is it octopae, is it octopeas its octopodes.

All right.

Okay.

I'll see you there.

We'll see if there are any octopuses.

There aren't, I wish there were.

I should have put some in, in the fable on the transaction lesson.

Okay.

See you there.

Really well done.