Lesson video

Hello, my name is Miss Vincent, and I'm going to be teaching you in today's lesson.

So today we're going to be revising the rules for punctuating speech.

So when to use inverted commas and how to use them, as well as thinking about including speech in complex sentences to add more detail.

If you completed lesson one of this outcome, then you will have watched the buildup of Oliver Twist.

And you will have noticed that in the buildup there's a lot of speech between the Artful Dodger or Jack Dawkins and Oliver Twist.

So in order to really successfully write our buildup, we need to review our rules for speech punctuation and using speech in complex sentences.

So, I'm really, really happy to go over this skill with you all and to practise using it so that we're ready and confident for our writing, so let's get started.

On the screen you can see our agenda for today's lesson.

So we're going to start off by reviewing the rules for speech punctuation and that's for speech first and speech second.

And if you're thinking, I don't know what speech first and speech second are, I will explain that, so don't worry, we'll come across it.

And then we're going to think about complex sentences and what complex sentences are and how they work.

And finally, we're going to bring the two things together and we're going to practise speech complex sentences, so using complex sentences with speech to help us add more detail to our writing.

So in this lesson you will need an exercise book or a piece of paper, you will need a pencil or a pen, and you will need your brain switched on ready to really concentrate on those rules for punctuated speech.

So if there's anything that you need to go and get, then please pause the video, go and get anything that you need, and then press play when you're ready to start the lesson.

Great.

So hopefully we're all set and ready to go.

So first of all, we're going to focus on reviewing the rules to speech and what punctuation we need when we are writing speech in our writing.

So I've written here a sentence including the words that Oliver says, but without any speech punctuation.

So I want you to just take a moment and look at that sentence and think about what is missing.

What are the key parts of speech punctuation that we need to include? So pause the video and have a think about what should be included when we are punctuated speech.

When you're ready to move on, press play.

Okay, fantastic.

So I have a little tool that helps me remember the key parts of speech punctuation, and it's called a speech sandwich.

So inside a sandwich we have two slices of bread and then we have everything inside it as well.

So my two slices of bread represent the inverted commas or the speech marks.

And inside those two slices of bread, or those inverted commas, is all of the speech, including the capital letter to start the speech sentence and the piece of punctuation that comes at the end of the speech sentence.

That might be a comma, it might be an exclamation mark, or it might be a question mark.

So, for the example that I gave you, I need to make sure that before the words that the character is saying, I open my inverted commas or my speech marks, and I include the capital letter to start off their speech sentence.

Now, the words that Oliver says is, "I've been walking for seven days." Uttered is another way of, it's a synonym for the word said, and Oliver is his name, so he doesn't say those two words.

So my inverted commas need to stop when I get to uttered.

So "I've been walking for seven days," comma, and then I close my speech marks to show that just those are the words that Oliver uttered or said.

Now you'll notice that I've put a comma at the end of Oliver's speech sentence instead of a full stop.

And that's because the sentence has not finished because we've got "uttered Oliver" that comes afterwards.

However, it's a bit of a funny rule for speech punctuation that we can put an exclamation mark there and we can put a question mark there, but if we would normally put a full stop we use a comma instead in this case.

And this is in the case where we have the speech that comes before said and then whom the person said it.

So this is called speech first.

And we have the words that the character is saying first, and then who said it and how they said it afterwards.

So uttered, as I said, is a synonym for said.

It's about saying it.

And then we need our full stop right at the end of the whole sentence, with the words that the character said with who said it, how they said it, and then we finish off with a full stop.

So that was an example of speech first.

So let's have a little look at some other examples of speech first, with our speech sandwich there to help us.

So, "'Where are you from then?' questioned Dodger." So the words that Dodger said are, "Where are you from then?" He didn't say questioned and he didn't say Dodger.

It would be like me saying, "Pick up your pencil, said Miss Vincent." I don't need to say, "Said Miss Vincent," because I'm saying those words.

But if I was writing about it I'd need to include that detail.

So looking at my speech sandwich, I can see that I've got all the parts that I need.

I've got my inverted commas to open my speech sentence, I've got my capital letter in the W in the first word of my speech sentence, I've got all the words that were said, then I've got my closing piece of punctuation, my question mark, and then my inverted commas to close the speech sentence.

And then finally I've got questioned, which is a synonym for said, and it means that he's asking a question.

Who said it, Dodger, and then I've got my full stop.

Exactly the same for this one, "'I've been walking for seven days,' uttered Oliver." And that's the example that we looked at just a moment ago.

"'Seven days?' exclaimed Dodger in astonishment." So these three sentences are all examples of speech first.

And in speech first we see the words that the character is saying first in between the inverted commas, then we see who said it and how they said it.

So in the last example, Dodger exclaimed it, that means that he's saying it loudly and he's quite surprised by it, in astonishment.

So I've explained how he said it and who's said it.

So this is speech first.

Remembering only the words that the character is saying are inside the inverted commas.

And I know that from teaching in class, this is something that children often find tricky where to close the inverted commas, so I like to think about it as almost putting them around our mouth, like this, helps us to remember that we only put them around the words that are being said by the character.

So I'd like you to have a go at punctuating these speech first sentences.

So the words that the characters are saying are coming first, and that's why it's speech first.

And you need to remember to use your speech sandwich if you need it to help you.

So we have the opening inverted commas, our capital letter at the front of our speech sentence, our speech, our piece of punctuation to end, our inverted commas to close, and then we need to remember to include who said it and how they said it.

So pause the video to add the speech punctuation to these two sentences.

So you'll need to rewrite them out on your piece of paper, putting the inverted commas in the correct place, putting the closing piece of punctuation inside the inverted commas in the place as well.

When you finish doing that, then press play and we can check our work together.

Okay, really well done.

So in front of you you should have both of these sentences rewritten, including the correct punctuation for speech.

So for the first example, you should have opened the inverted commas before the word my cause that's the first word that the Artful Dodger says.

So you open the inverted commas there.

You make sure that that M is a capital letter.

"My name is Jack Dawkins," comma, and then you close those inverted commas, "Asserted Dodger." If somebody asserts something they say it confidently.

Now, if you put a full stop after the word Dawkins before your closing inverted commas, that's a really common mistake.

But remember, we can put a question mark there in speech first, we can put an exclamation mark, but if we would normally use a full stop, in this case we put a comma and our full stop goes at the end of the whole sentence, as you can see after "Asserted Dodger." Okay, so the next sentence, "'Why are you known as the Artful Dodger?' asked Oliver curiously." Let's check.

So we need our inverted commas, our speech marks, to open the speech sentence right at the start, a capital W for why.

Then why is you know.

"Why are you known," sorry, "as the Artful Dodger?" "Asked Oliver curiously," it's a question.

So it needs to end in a question mark and then inverted commas close, and then we have, "Asked Oliver curiously," full-stop.

So really well done if you've got some of those pieces of punctuation correct.

It's a really tricky skill to master, so the more we practise it, the easier it will be.

So good job if you've got some of that correct.

So now let's think about speech second.

So if speech first was when the speech that the character was saying came at the start of the sentence, I wonder what you think speech second might be? Well, it's quite straightforward.

It's when the speech that the character says comes after we've said who is saying it and how they are saying it.

So our sandwich has got a bit jumbled up, we've got some tomato that comes before the bread.

So that's going to help us, but it doesn't work in the sense of a traditional sandwich.

So, for example, this time we've got who is saying it and how they are saying it first, and then we've got the speech, the words that they are saying.

So "Dodger questioned, 'Where are you from then?'" And you might notice something in what you can see in purple on the screen is really, really important.

In speech second, when we introduce the speech, so, "Dodger questioned," we need to include a comma.

Which is why you can see that extra slice of tomato before our speech sandwich.

In speech second, we can use a full stop at the end of our speech sentence, because that is the end of our whole sentence.

So let's see some other examples.

"Oliver uttered," then we need that comma before the speech starts, "I've been walking for seven days." And those inverted commas hold the speech that's being said by Oliver.

And then we've got a full stop at the end because we can have that in speech second.

And then finally, "In astonishment, Dodger exclaimed, 'Seven days?'" And again, we've got our comma before the speech starts, before the inverted commas, and we can have a question mark at the end.

You might have noticed that the words that I've used are identical in speech first and speech second, I just changed the order of where the speech comes.

The most important things to remember with speech are the words that the characters are saying are inside the inverted commas.

If we use speech second, we need to put a comma just before the speech starts.

And, always really important, you'll see these underlined words like questioned and explained, those are synonyms for the word said.

So they're words that mean the same as said.

Because it can get quite boring if we repeat said lots of times.

So I'd like you to have a go at punctuating these speech second sentences.

So I've written all the words, but you need to put in the punctuation.

Now, an extra warning, you might need to change some of those letters to become capital letters if they are at the start of what our character is saying.

And you can use the speech sandwich to help you, because if you're using speech second, you need your comma before the speech starts, you open your speech marks or your inverted commas, and then you need a capital letter to start your speech sentence, so to start the sentence that the character is saying.

So I'd like you to pause the video, rewrite these two sentences punctuating the speech section correctly and use the helpful hint on the screen to help you remember what you need to add in.

When you finished you can press play and we can check our answers together.

Okay, well done.

Let's check our speech second sentences.

So the first one "Dodger asserted," comma, then you open your inverted commas, you open your speech marks.

"My name is Jack Dawkins." You need a capital M for my because that's the start of the sentence that he's saying.

And after Dawkins you need a full stop because that's the end of the sentence that he's saying.

And then you close your inverted commas because that's the end of the whole speech sentence.

In the second example, "Oliver asked curiously," comma, open your speech marks, "Why are you known as the artful Dodger?" So you need a capital W for why, because it's the start of Oliver's sentence that he's saying, and you need a question mark at the end because it is a question, and finally you close it off with some speech marks.

Really well done, once again, for trying.

Don't worry at all if you made a few mistakes or if perhaps you missed some of the punctuation.

Remember, practise, practise, and it will help us to remember the different parts that we need to include.

So let's review what we know about complex sentences.

So a complex sentence is a main clause and a subordinate clause together.

A main clause is an idea that makes sense on its own.

A clause contains a verb.

So a group of words together containing a verb, makes sense on its own.

A subordinate clause has a verb, but does not make sense on its own.

And the two clauses are joined by a subordinating conjunction.

Some examples of subordinating conjunctions that you might have heard are as, when, because, if, before, after, although, or while.

And all of those will help us when we come to including more detail in our speech sentences.

So, "What are you doing?" he asked as he picked up the bag.

So that's adding more detail by including a subordinating conjunction to extend the idea and give more information.

So subordinating conjunctions start a subordinate clause.

So what we will do in our speech sentences is to add a subordinate clause after we've included our speech or before we include us speech.

So let's see if we can spot the subordinating conjunction and the subordinate clause.

So the sentence is, "Because he was hungry, Oliver went to ask for more food." So the main clause is the part that makes sense on its own, and that is, "Oliver went to ask for more food." The subordinate clause is, "Because he was hungry." So it adds more detail to the main clause, but it doesn't make sense on its own.

And remember our subordinating conjunction starts our subordinate clause.

So because is our subordinating conjunction.

But remember with complex sentences we can change the order of the clauses around and it still makes sense.

So I have all of the same words in this sentence, I just changed the order around.

So, "Oliver went to ask for more food because he was hungry." The main clause stays the same, "Oliver went to ask for more food" and the subordinate clause stays the same, "Because he was hungry." And our subordinating conjunction starts our subordinate clause.

So in our speech sentences we will use subordinating conjunctions to start subordinate clauses that give more detail about what is happening around the speech sentence.

Now that we thought about the subordinate clauses and the subordinating conjunctions being a tool to add more detail to our speech sentences, we're going to have a look at what it might look like.

So complex sentences can help us, as I've said, to include more information in a dialogue scene.

A dialogue scene is a scene where there is a conversation.

Why do you think that this might be important? So I'd like you to pause the video and write down at least two ideas about why you think it's more important to add more information than just the words that are said in a dialogue scene.

Pause the video, press play when you're ready to share your ideas.

Okay, so some of the reasons that you might have written down, some of the reasons that are important, is that it makes it more interesting, first and foremost.

We want to make it interesting for our reader and just a list of sentences that people say don't really create the best picture.

So it's to help our reader picture what is happening alongside the conversation.

So the words are important, but the actions and the body language too.

So it's also to show the characters facial expressions and body language to accompany the speech, so alongside the speech.

And then finally to help our writing flow so that one idea leads into the next idea, just like when we're watching a scene, we make sure that we can see the whole picture of body language and reactions, because sometimes, characters react with their facial expressions, but they don't say anything.

So it's really important that we can add in extra detail.

So here, I'm going to show you some examples of what I mean when I say adding detail to speech sentences.

So instead of just the speech sentence, "'Where are you from then?' question Dodger." We can extend that with, as to say, "'Where are you from then?' question Dodger as he looked the exhausted boy up and down." So it tells us what he's saying and what he's doing at the same time.

"Although Oliver was wary of the stranger, he replied, 'I've been walking for seven days.

'" So we could have just written.

"He replied, 'I've been walking for seven days.

'" But adding in that subordinate clause that says, "Although Oliver was wary of the stranger," lets us know that he's not fully comfortable with Dodger yet, so it's adding more detail to our story, and to the picture in our reader's mind.

And then finally we could have just written, "'Seven days?' exclaimed Dodger." But I've written, "'Seven days?' exclaimed Dodger before Oliver had time to explain further." So that shows our reader that he jumped in straight away with that reply.

So all the pieces of writing in green are our subordinate clauses.

And you can spot, just like we talked about before, that they all start with a subordinating conjunction.

The first one starts with as, the second one starts with although, and the third one starts with before.

And we can use these subordinate clauses and subordinating conjunctions to extend the idea and add more information.

So this is the section of the film that we watched in the buildup in lesson number one, where Dodger tells Oliver to stand up and he says, "Come on, up with you! On your pins!" Which means on your legs.

And I've written, "Asserted Dodger." Asserted means that he said it in a confident way.

But we can add to this and say as, and describe what Oliver is doing alongside.

So, "'Come on, up with you! On your pins!' asserted Dodger as.

." So what I'd like you to do now is pause the video to add a description of Oliver's actions.

So, "'Come on, up with you! On your pins!' asserted Dodger as Oliver stared at him blankly," full stop.

That's an example.

So write in your example of what Oliver did while Dodger said that, and when you're ready, after you've written it, you can press play to move on with the lesson.

Okay, well done, fantastic.

So you might have written something like, "'Come on, up with you! On your pins!' asserted Dodger as Oliver warily made his way up onto his sore feet," full stop.

So we've got what Dodgers said along side what's happening with Oliver without having to add in another speech sentence.

Really well done for giving that a go.

And now we're going to practise thinking about extending our speech sentences with complex sentences.

So using those subordinating conjunctions, like as and while and when and although, to help us describe what's happening at the same time as the speech.

To do that, we're going to watch a short section of the film where the two boys are having a conversation.

And I'd like you to watch that clip carefully and then write down three complex speech sentences to show the conversation, the dialogue, between the two boys.

So, remember, I'm going to show it to you, but you can skip back a few times and then you can have a go at writing it.

So you can watch it more than once before you write your speech sentences.

So let's have a look at the dialogue between the two boys.

Oh, by the way, my name is Jack Dawkins, better known as the Artful Dodger.

Oliver Twist.

Why are you know as the Artful Dodger? That's why.

Okay, so hopefully you've had a chance to watch that conversation a couple of times.

What I'd like you to do now is pause the video to write your dialogue scene between the two characters.

Remember to add in detail about what they are doing alongside the words that they are saying.

Once you've done that, press play, and we will move on with the lesson.

Okay, well done.

So here's an example of the dialogue scene that I wrote thinking about their actions alongside the words that they are saying.

So, "'By the way, my name's Jack Dawkins,' explained Dodger as he swiped a loaf of bread with one hand and offered the other to Oliver." So he's doing that at the same time as he's talking.

"Quietly, Oliver replied, 'Oliver Twist.

' After the boy had turned around, Oliver asked, 'Why are you known as the Artful Dodger? A smile spread across Dodger's face as he extended the bread towards Oliver and beamed, 'That's why.

'" So he's known as the Artful Dodger because he steals things.

So, that's my example.

And I checked my punctuation really carefully.

So what I would recommend that you do once the lesson is over, is to look back and make sure that all the words the characters are saying are in inverted commas and to make sure that you've got all your other speech punctuation as well.

So, really well done.

We've completed all of the sections of our lesson and we've reviewed the rules for speech, we've reviewed complex sentences, and we've brought the two things together and practised it.

We've covered a lot in this lesson and some of this might have been new to you, so remember, you can always skip back and look back at some examples to remind you of the different rules if you need a little bit more on that.

So really well done for all of your hard work.

Thank you so much for joining me today.

And if you'd like to, you can share some of your work with a parent or carer.

I will see you soon for more learning on Oliver Twist.

Bye.