Lesson video

Hi everybody.

How you doing today? Really, really nice to see you again.

This is our next session in "The Highwayman" unit, and it's a special grammar lesson that focuses on using apostrophes.

So I hope that you're sitting somewhere comfortably and I hope that you're feeling ready to learn.

Let's get started.

In this lesson you will need an exercise book or some paper, a pencil or something to write with and your brain.

If you haven't got any of those things, pause the video now, go and collect them, and I'll see you in a second.

So today we will start off with a writing format.

Then we will look at apostrophes for possession, we will then look at apostrophes for contraction, and we will finish with a game.

So our writing warmup says, put these word classes into the correct definitions.

So we've got noun, adverb, verb and adjective.

And we've got all those definitions there, I'm going to say them out loud.

And whilst I'm saying them, you can think about what word class goes into the definition.

Okay.

A mm is a PPT, a person place or thing.

Next one, an mm describes a word, it tells us what it's like.

A mm is a doing or a being word.

If you do it or you are it, then the word is a mm.

And finally, an mm describes a verb, it often ends in ly.

You're going to pause the video and write down the word class in each definition.

Pause the video now.

Should we check? A noun is a PPT, a person place or thing.

Well done for getting that one.

What about the next one? What describes a word? What tells us what a word is like, shall we say it together? An adjective describes a word, it tells us what it's like.

So the next one, which out of those two is a doing or being word? Shall we say the whole thing together? 1, 2, 3, a verb is a doing or being word, if you do it or you are it the word is a verb.

So that means the last one and adverb describes a verb, it often ends in ly.

Really good job with your writing warmup.

We're going to look at apostrophes for possession.

Now let's practise saying those two words, apostrophes, possession.

Really good job.

So in our last apostrophes lesson, we looked at examples like this.

What does this apostrophe show? The tree's branches, just point to the apostrophe.

Well done.

So it shows that the branches belong to the tree.

It's talking about the branches that belong to the tree.

And there's only one tree so it's called singular possession.

But what's about if we wanted to write about the branches that belong to two or more trees, can you see that there are two trees circled there? Where does the apostrophe go now, point to it? Oh, it goes after the S.

So this apostrophe shows the branches that belong to the trees.

Okay, and if we have more than one thing that's not singular, that is plural.

So we call it plural possession, plural possession.

Well done.

So what does this apostrophe show? Look at where the apostrophe is, it's before the S.

The horse's hooves.

Well, that shows the hooves that belong to the horse.

So it's just one horse and it's singular possession, isn't it? So where would the apostrophe go if we wanted to show that the hooves belonged to more than one horse? So we're talking about the hooves of many different horses.

It would go after the S wouldn't it? The horses' hooves.

Just point to the apostrophe.

Well done.

So this apostrophe shows the hooves that belong to the horses.

Could be two horses, could be three, it could be four, could be 50, it could be 100.

And it shows plural possession because there are more, there's more than one horse.

So if we want to show plural possession and the plural form of the noun ends in S, so trees, horses, we put the apostrophe before the S or after the S? Think back to those examples we just saw.

Should we say it together? 1, 2, 3, after the S.

Well done.

And I've got another little example for us here.

Can you see, I'm talking about the clouds' shadows.

There are lots of clouds in that picture and we want to refer to all of those clouds' shadows.

So point to the apostrophe.

Well done, it's after the S.

So it's your turn now.

Using apostrophes how would you show, and I've got an example here, the leaves that belong to the trees would be the trees' leaves with the apostrophe after the S.

You've got three examples that have to do.

You've got to do the paws that belong to the dogs, the saddles that belong to the horses, and the petals that belong to the flowers.

Okay, pause the video now and write down your words using apostrophes to show plural possession.

Pause the video now.

Should we check? So the paws that belong to the dogs would be the dogs' paws.

And where's the apostrophe, before or after? After the S, good job.

What about the saddles that belong to the horses? Saddles are something that you put on a horse to make it comfortable to sit on it if you're riding it.

So what would it be? Let's have a look.

It would be the horses' saddles.

Okay, the saddles that belong to lots and lots of horses.

And so we would use an apostrophe after the S to show plural possession.

And then this one, it would be the flowers' petals with the apostrophe after the S, to show the petals that belong to lots of flowers.

Really good job, well done.

The next challenge if you're feeling ready is to read these sentences and just give it a tick or a cross, depending on whether you think the apostrophe has been used accurately, which means properly or correctly.

I'll read the sentences first, then you pause the video, read them and give it a tick or a cross.

Number one says the horses neighs could be heard from miles away.

A neigh is the sound that a horse would make.

Number two, the boys' hearts beat rapidly in their chests.

Wildly, the birds' wings flapped in the stormy wind.

Number four, the animal's eerie noises echoed across the dark moor.

So you've got to give it a tick if I've used the apostrophe correctly for plural possession, give it a cross if I haven't.

Pause the video now.

Should we check? Let's look at this first one.

The horses neighs'.

What did you think, right or wrong? I didn't think it was right, it's wrong.

So we'll come back to why that's wrong in a minute.

Let's look at the next one, the boys' hearts.

Okay, the hearts belonging to the group of boys, that is used correctly.

I've got my apostrophe after the S on the boys to show that the hearts belong to the boys.

What did you think about this one? I thought it was correct because it's the birds' wings, the wings that belong to the birds.

So I've got my apostrophe after the S on birds.

The animal's eerie noises.

Now that apostrophe is before the S, so before the S, is that singular or plural? That's singular so this apostrophe can't be used correctly to show plural possession, so that's not used right.

So your challenge now is to write the sentences using the apostrophe correctly.

So our two wrong ones were the horses neighs' could be heard from miles away.

Remember, we want to show that the neighs belong to the horses, so think about where we need to put the apostrophe.

And then the second one says the animals' eerie noises echoed across the dark moor.

Now we want to show plural possession because we're talking about a group of animals, so think about where the apostrophe needs to go.

So you need to pause the video and write your sentences with the apostrophe used correctly.

Pause the video now.

Shall we check? So the horses' neighs could be heard from miles away, oh, we have to put the apostrophe after the S on horses because the neighs belong to the horses.

So we've used that apostrophe to show possession.

And because there are more than one horse, we have to put it after the S.

So what about this one, the animals' eerie noises.

Oh, the eerie noises that belong to the animals, the apostrophe comes after the S.

Really good job, well done.

So let's have a look at those sentences a bit more closely.

They both now show plural possession.

We've corrected the apostrophe use, so really well done for that.

But what is the difference between them? And to give you some thinking time, and I've got two words on the screen, noun and adjective, to help you think about this question.

The horses' neighs, what word class are the words horses and neighs? What word classes are the words animals and noises? And what word class is the word eerie? So you can see that the word horses and the word neighs are both nouns.

And in the second sentence we've got a noun for animals, adjective for eerie, and noun for noises.

So the second sentence has an adjective in front of the noun that is possessed.

Now, I want you to write two of your own sentences that use apostrophes for plural possession.

Pause the video now and have a go at writing your sentences.

Now we're going to think about apostrophes for contraction.

Apostrophes, contraction.

Well done.

So you might remember this question from the last grammar lesson that we did on apostrophes.

What letter does the apostrophe replace when we contract could not into couldn't? What letter isn't there anymore? Have a really good look.

Should we say it together? 1, 2, 3, the O.

So we've replaced the O with the apostrophe.

So let's think about this question.

Is it always an O that is replaced by the apostrophe? To help us think about this question, I'm going to show you a table from the last lesson that we did on apostrophes.

Remember when you wrote down all the contracted words that you found and all the uncontracted forms of them? So your challenge is to write in the letters that the apostrophe replaces.

Can you see the blue column at the end? You can write down the letters or the letter that the apostrophe replaces.

Now, if you did do the lesson that we did, the first lesson we did on apostrophes, you can find this table or you can just start a new one.

You don't have to write down the contracted and uncontracted words, you can just write the last column.

You can just write a list of the letter or letters that the apostrophe replaces in those words.

So for example, in I'm, when we uncontract that word, go to I am, so what letter isn't there in the contracted form of I'm? Okay, going to ask you to pause the video now and have a go at this activity.

Shall we check? So in I'm there's no A there anymore.

We've replaced it with the apostrophe.

In weren't there's no O there anymore, invade, quite a lot of letters replaced because if I'm contracting they would into they'd I'm replacing the apostrophe or replacing W-O-U-L with the apostrophe.

Shouldn't, the apostrophe replaces the O, didn't, the apostrophe replaces the O again, same for wouldn't, same for couldn't, and same for mustn't.

In we'll, which we get from contracting we will, we've replaced the W and the I with the apostrophe.

Really good job.

Well done.

So is it always the O that is replaced? You think yes or do you think no? I think no, it's not always the apostrophe that's replaced.

So your next task is to match each word to its uncontracted form and the letters that the apostrophe replaces.

Now, these are words that we didn't have in our table.

Then new word is going to read, I'm going to read the contracted form to you, you're, I'll, it's, they're.

And you've got to choose what the uncontracted form is and the letters that the apostrophe replaces.

Pause the video now and have a really good go at this.

Shall we check? So you're, okay, well I know that you're is made up of you are.

What's the letters that the apostrophe replaces? It must be the A.

Well done for guessing that one.

I'll is made up of I will.

Letters that the apostrophe replaces are W and I.

It's, how do we make it's? It is, it's.

So we need to use it is.

And the letter that the apostrophe replaces is I.

They're, they're.

How do we get they're? I need they are.

And I'm missing the A when I contract those two words.

Well done for doing that, really good job.

Let's play a quick game to finish off.

So you need to clap if you think the apostrophe is for contraction, you need to grab if you think the apostrophe is for possession that's singular possession, so just one thing that's has something, or wave at me if you think that the apostrophe is used for plural possession.

Are you ready? Actually, let's just practise those actions, clap to contract, grab to possess, and wave at me for plural possession.

Okay, let's see what the first one says.

So the animals' tails swished.

Is that singular possession, plural possession, is it contraction? Have some thinking time.

Should we do it together? 1, 2, 3, it's plural possession, because there are lots of tails belonging to more than one animal.

We don't know how many animals, but it's definitely more than one because the apostrophe is after the S.

Ready for the next one? And it says, I'll be there soon.

Remember we looked at this word earlier in the lesson.

I'll be there soon.

Have some thinking time.

Shall we do it together? 1, 2, 3.

How do we make the word I'll? Ready? I will, I'll.

So my apostrophe is for contraction in that one.

Ready for the next one? She'd be late.

She's worried she'd be late.

Hmm.

Contraction, singular possession, or plural possession? 1, 2, 3.

It's contraction because I've made the word she'd from she would.

She'd.

Next one says the landlord's daughter.

So I remember we've had this quite a lot in our "Highwayman" unit, the landlord's daughter.

Have some thinking time.

Remember it's clap to contract, grab to possess singular, or wave to possess plural.

1, 2, 3, it's possession.

It's singular possession, isn't it? Because it's the daughter, it's the landlord's daughter, it's his daughter, the daughter belonging to the landlord.

Next one says they're coming.

They're coming.

1, 2, 3, it's contraction.

How do we make the word they're? They are, they're.

Good job, ready for the next one? The clouds' shadows, the clouds' shadows, let's do it together, 1, 2, 3.

It's plural possession isn't it? The shadows that belong to more than one cloud.

And the final one says the horse's loud neigh.

Look at where that apostrophe is.

Shall we do it together? 1, 2, 3, we're grabbing because it's singular possession.

There's just one horse and he's got a loud neigh.

So it's just one horse, it's singular possession.

Really well done for working so hard.

We did a really good job in our writing warmup, where we matched those definitions of those word classes.

We looked at apostrophes for plural possession, we looked at apostrophes for contraction and we finished with a game.

Well done for working so hard.

And I cannot wait to see you in our next lesson.

Have a lovely rest of your day.