Lesson video

Hi there! My name's Ms. Roberts.

I'm really glad that you've chosen to join me today for another exciting Geography lesson.

So what's today's lesson all about? Today, we are thinking about how we can use digital maps, and we're going to use those digital maps to explore changes in our local area.

By the end of the lesson today, you will be able to use a Geographic Information System, or GIS.

You're going to be able to use the digital maps in that system to see how your local area has changed over time.

So are you ready to get started? Me too, let's go.

We're going to start by looking at some very important keywords that you're going to hear, and you're going to be able to use yourself during our lesson.

Our first keyword is an aerial image.

Can you say aerial image? Well done.

An aerial image is a photograph, but it's a special type of photograph that's taken from up above, from in the air looking down.

So these type of photographs are usually taken by a satellite high in space, by an airplane, or by a drone camera in the sky.

You've heard our second keyword already, and that's GIS.

A GIS is a Geographic Information System, and that system contains lots of digital maps.

So these are maps that we are looking at online on a screen, and they can help us to investigate geographical patterns over a large area.

We're going to look at how to do that today.

Our next keyword is digital map.

Digital maps are maps that we can look at on computers, tablets, or smartphones, we're going to see a lot of those today.

And, finally, our next keyword is basemap.

A basemap is part of a GIS, a Geographic Information System.

The basemap is the background map within that GIS that we are using.

There are going to be two halves to this lesson today.

The first half is all about how we can investigate our local area using a GIS.

Later, we're going to be looking at how a GIS can help to show us how things have changed in an area.

So let's get started with the first half of today's lesson.

What do you think aerial images and maps can tell us about our local area? Look at the map here, for example.

What do you think that map can tell us? What can you see on that map? Izzy from Oak Academy is going to share what she thinks aerial images and maps can tell us.

She thinks they can tell us things like the size of our nearest town or city, where the houses are located, what the transport network is like, and how much green space there is.

They're all very good ideas, Izzy, well done.

We can see from this map, at-a-glance, we can see all of the green spaces and all of the built-up spaces in the gray.

We can see lots of roads that's the transport network that Izzy was referring to.

Well done, Izzy.

The map you can see here is a screenshot that we've taken from a GIS, this is a type of digital map.

So is this digital map, but now, we are looking at the whole world.

This is a world map on a GIS.

GIS, or Geographic Information Systems, are digital maps that help us to investigate places.

They allow us to see geographical patterns that are happening in a space.

What do you think this map here is showing us? What can you see on this map? Can you spot any patterns? I'm going to show you some parts of this map now.

Starting over here in the right-hand corner with this box which is labeled Legend, another word for Legend is a key.

The legend tells you what the different things on the map represent.

So, in this case, the Legend tells us what those different colors of shading represent on this map.

It's actually showing us patterns of rainfall around the world.

So the areas that are very blue on this map have the highest amounts of rainfall, and the areas that are very pale on this map have the least amount of rainfall every year.

This helps us to look for patterns happening around the world.

Let's pause briefly before we move on to find out more about Geographic Information Systems, and have a quick check on what we know so far.

Here's a multiple-choice question, can you find the correct answer? "GIS stands for.

Geographic intelligence system, geographic information system, or geographic instruction system?" Which of those is the correct answer? Have you chosen? Did you choose option b? Well done, it's Geographic Information System, GIS.

Let's find out some more about Geographic Information Systems now.

We're going to use a specific GIS in this lesson and it's called The Geography Visualiser.

Now this is something that you can access online on the internet for free.

So we are going to show you how to use it, and then you'll be able to go and have a try at using it yourself.

Another of the Oak Academy teachers, Mr. Schofield, has recorded us some really useful videos about how the Geography Visualiser works.

So here's the first one which is going to introduce you to what this GIS can do.

<v Mr. Schofield>This recording is a brief introduction</v> to The Geography Visualiser.

Now the Geography Visualiser is a Geographic Information System, which really means that it is a digital map that we can put data on top of, so we can add other maps which have information on them so that we can understand our world.

Now you can see at the moment that we have a satellite image, and on that is a lot of borders of the different countries.

So this is a type of basemap.

So we can change the basemap, which is a background map to have different maps that we can see.

But this video is going to concentrate on some very simple things that we can do with the Geography Visualiser.

First of all, we want to know how we can move the map around.

Now when using digital maps, we often call this panning, we're panning the map around.

Now the way that we do this is we can hold the left button of our mouse down and drag the screen across, and it allows us to put something different in the center of the screen.

So you can see now that we have India in the center of the screen.

The second thing that we want to do is we want to be able to zoom in.

So at the moment, we're looking at a map which is showing the majority of the world, but I want to zoom in so I can see something a bit more detailed.

So there's two ways that we can do this.

If we have a scroll wheel in the middle of our mouse, we can just move the scroll wheel and it allows us to zoom in.

The other way we can do it is we can go to the left-hand side, and there is a zoom out and a zoom in button, and we can use these to zoom in and out.

The third and final thing I'm going to show you here is a way to search for a place and go directly to a place without moving the map around and zooming.

So, on the left-hand side, in the top left-hand corner, you'll see a magnifying glass.

If I hover over that, it says Open search.

If I click on that, and then I type in a place, so here I'm going to type in London, I can then see there's a lot of different options that I can now click.

Now there might be a lot of Londons in the world, but I can see that this is the one I want to go to, London, Greater London, England.

It will then take us across the world, and then it will zoom in to London, and then I can see it on my map.

If I want to zoom in any closer, I can use the scroll wheel of my mouse and I can get a really clear picture, and I can go really, really zoomed in, so I can see a very clear picture of something that I might want to investigate.

<v ->Thanks, Mr. Schofield, that was really interesting.

</v> I can't wait to find out even more about all the things The Geography Visualiser can do.

Now, before we move on to do that, let's have a quick check; were you listening to Mr. Schofield? "To pan around the map in the Visualiser, what do you need to do? a, hold the left button of the mouse down and move the mouse; b, click on the magnifying glass; or, c, click on the zoom buttons?" Mm, which of those is the correct thing to do when you want to pan around that world map? Have you chosen an answer? It's option a; panning around the map is when you hold down the left button of the mouse and move the mouse around, and then you can move yourself to whichever part of that big map you want to look at.

Options b and c there are different ways that we can zoom in to focus on a smaller area of the map.

You will have heard Mr. Schofield refer to that big map of the world as a base map in the Geography Visualiser.

We're going to look some more at basemaps now.

We're going to investigate the key features of our local area, and those key features are things like where do people live? Where do people work? How do people move around? Remember, Izzy was talking about transport networks earlier.

So what can we see? Can we see big main roads, can we see train tracks? Let's find out some more with another short video from Mr. Schofield about how we can do that using The Geography Visualiser.

<v Mr. Schofield>In this recording,</v> we are going to use The Geography Visualiser, which is a GIS, which stands for a Geographic Information System, to identify things about our local area.

So, on the screen, we can see a satellite image, but on that satellite image, you'll see these white lines which are the borders of the countries.

And you can see that we've even got names of some of these countries and some cities and some oceans on the map.

Now this satellite imagery at the moment is what we call a basemap, which is background map on the GIS.

So we can actually change this basemap depending on what we are trying to do.

So if we look at the bottom toolbar here, on the left-hand side, we can see where it says Basemaps.

So if you see my mouse cursor there, it's hovering over this Basemaps.

So if I left-click on that, and you can see a pop-up menu comes up with lots of different Basemaps on there.

Now if I go down, I'm going to click on this where it says Chartered Territory Map, you can see that the background map, the Basemap, changes to something different.

This is a charted territory map, which is a map which really clearly shows the different countries.

And that's really useful if I really want to identify where the borders are and where one country starts and one country stops, because they're all in different colors.

And if I click on the World Imagery map, it gives me the satellite imagery without any labels on it.

And that might be really good for looking at the biomes, the ecosystems, that are covering the Earth.

So we can see this big yellow area here, you can think what that might be.

And that's a desert, that's the Sahara Desert here.

If we maybe come over to here to where South America is, and you see this sort of really green area here, you might know what that is.

Yeah, that's a rainforest, the Amazon rainforest.

And if we scroll, and the way I'm scrolling is I'm holding down my left button of the mouse, and I'm just dragging the map.

So I'm dragging the map, and we can see this big ice sheet here, this big white ice sheet over Greenland.

So a Satellite Imagery Map can tell us something about the physical geography of the world.

But what we are going to do here is we are going to investigate a local area.

So there's different ways that I can zoom into a place.

I could use the scroll wheel of the mouse to start zooming in to place in the UK, I could use the buttons on the left-hand side which say Zoom in, but an easier way is probably to search for it by clicking on this little magnifying glass button.

And you can see, I've typed in Basingstoke, and I'm going to click where it says Basingstoke, Hampshire.

There's going to be quite a few different Basingstokes, so I need to click on the right one.

And you can see it zooms into this place Basingstoke which is in Hampshire, England.

Okay, so here, we're on some satellite imagery, and by zooming in and having a look, and maybe by changing the basemap to help us out, we can investigate things about this local area.

So I'm going to try and find three things.

I'm going to try and find something out about where people might live here in Basingstoke, how people might move around and be transported in Basingstoke, and maybe somewhere that people might work in Basingstoke.

So let me zoom in a little bit and see if I can find where people might live.

So I can see there's lots of different buildings here, different types of buildings, but if I zoom in a little bit, I can see some buildings that look very much like houses to me.

I can even see maybe things like trampolines in people's gardens.

And I can see the gardens really clearly divided with walls.

So I can see this area here, and if I zoom in, I can see sorts of cul-de-sacs and streets which go around in circles, which sort of indicate places that I'd expect houses to be.

And I can zoom in and I can find them, and I can see, these are where people might live, depending on whether these houses are all in a line together, maybe they're terrace houses, or if it's a building just on its own, it's a detached house.

But I can see where the housing areas are in Basingstoke by identifying the types of buildings and roads that I would associate with housing areas.

And let's think about how people might move around.

So I've got this big, long line here.

The problem at the moment, there's no labels to help me on the basemap.

So if I click on Imagery Hybrid, it's giving me a few labels here, and I can see this quite long straight line, it's got M-3 on it.

I could even use down here, if I go down, the OpenStreetMap sometimes helps me out, because that also gives me the same information.

Sometimes it makes it a little bit clearer about what things are.

So I've got this big, straight line which says M-3 on it, so I'm gonna click on the Imagery Hybrid again.

If I'm not sure what it is, maybe I can zoom in a little bit more, and.

Yeah, okay, I can see now we've got these lines of cars on these roads.

So it is pretty clear that this is a motorway, this is the M-3 motorway here.

If I zoom up, I've got this other long line with kind of sort of little white lines running sort of perpendicular along it.

So if I go to an OpenStreetMap, I can see this black and white line here, and if I zoom right into it, I can see it says there South Western Main Line.

Yeah, I think this is a railway here and a railway station.

So by clicking on different basemaps and zooming in and out, we can find things out about where we live, our local area.

Finally, I want to find somewhere where people might work, and I can see there, we've got these different sorts of buildings, these sort of bigger buildings here, which don't look like houses, it's really, really big building over here.

Let's zoom in and see what we can find out about it.

So I can see there's a car park there, this is pretty clear, there's lots of cars.

We've got this huge building with, what looks like, solar panels on the top.

And what about these big white rectangles? What you think they might be? I think they're lorries.

So, I can see this is maybe some sort of factory or distribution center.

If I go click on maybe the OpenStreetMap, it might actually tell me, it might label it.

So here we can see it's labeled as Sainsbury's.

Now this actually isn't a Sainsbury supermarket, this is a distribution center.

So it's basically where Sainsbury's keeps a lot of its products to then deliver elsewhere around the country.

And actually if we zoom out, it's not a massive surprise they put this here, because we've got a nice, big A road really quick which will really quickly take you to a motorway, which will be then quite easy for those lorries to take things around the country.

And maybe when Sainsbury's has thought about where to put that, they could have used a GIS to think about where would be a sensible place to put it.

So we can see that GIS is really important for investigating places and finding things out.

It's also really useful for businesses to think about how they can make decisions, geographical decisions, which are right for their business.

<v ->Thanks, Mr. Schofield.

</v> I thought that was really interesting at how he was using the GIS to investigate Basingstoke, his local area.

Now we're going to do some activities together in a minute using the GIS, but before we do that, let's have a couple of quick questions to check how well we were listening to all that useful information.

Take a look at the picture here.

We can see an aerial image of part of that map that Mr. Schofield was just investigating.

What type of land use is shown here? What is the land here being used for? Is it houses, factories, or shops? Look closely.

Have you chosen? This is houses.

We saw on the Visualiser how we can zoom in and really see quite clearly the shapes of the roofs of people's houses and where their gardens are.

What name do we use for that background map that we're using on the GIS? What do we call that? Do we call that a backmap, a biomemap, or a basemap? Have a think and choose one of these options.

Have you chosen? It's a basemap, well done.

You've heard that word a few times now, haven't you? So time for the first of today's activities, Task A.

You need some internet access yourself to be able to go and do this task using The Geography Visualiser.

You're going to do a little bit of investigating into your own local area using the Visualiser, just like Mr. Schofield did in Basingstoke.

So, when you open the Visualiser on the link, the first thing you're going to do is click on the magnifying glass button, that's found on the left-hand side of the screen.

And there, you can type in the name of your local city, town, wherever it is that you live, okay? Then you'll see the options come up, and if there's more than one option, make sure that you do click on the right place for where you live, and not somewhere else in the world with the same name.

When you have found that, when the Visualiser has zoomed in to your area, you can then pan around and have a look.

You can find the buildings, you can look for places where people live in your area, you can look for places where people work in your area, and you can think also about the ways that people move around in your area too.

What you can also do whilst you are in the Visualiser is click on the Basemaps button.

That's in the toolbar on the right-hand side, and you can use that to change between different types of basemaps, and see how that changes what you can see about your local area.

When you do that, I would like you to work alongside a partner and talk about what those different basemaps are like.

Which of them do you think is the easiest to help you to identify different types of buildings? So, you take as long as you need really to complete this.

Just pause the video now, and then when you're ready, come back to the lesson, un-pause, I'll go through some examples of a task that one of the Oak Academy children completed, Task A, and then we'll move on to the second half of our lesson.

So pause the video now, and I'll see you very soon.

Okay.

Have you had some fun using the Visualiser to zoom in on your local area? Maybe you found out things that you didn't already know about where you live.

Let's have a look at some examples of using the Visualiser.

So, if you zoomed in on the basemap, you may have seen things like motorways, train lines, or roads when you looked at your local area.

All of those ways that people can move around using various forms of transport.

On the satellite image on the right of the screen here, you can see that we've found some housing, that's where people live, and we've also found an industrial area that's an example of where people might work.

Then you were asked to look at the different types of basemaps, and to talk about them with a partner.

Izzy and Sofia from Oak Academy did this, and this is how their conversation went.

I wonder if you had similar conversations with your partner.

Izzy says that she liked the World Imagery basemap, because that meant that you could see individual buildings.

Sofia said that she liked how the Imagery Hybrid basemap added labels and that made it easier for her.

Did you like those features of the different basemaps? Well, that was just a taster of some of the things that you can do with The Geography Visualiser.

We're going to find out some more now in the second half of the lesson.

We're going to investigate how that Visualiser, that GIS, can show us changes in our local area as well.

Places change over time, over short periods of time and over very long periods of time.

Think about the last hundred years, for example.

How do you think the place where you live may have changed over a hundred years? What features of our lives do we have today that didn't exist a hundred years ago? You certainly wouldn't be joining in this Geography lesson a hundred years ago.

Perhaps you thought of some of these examples.

Aisha says that the town might have grown bigger where she lives, it might be bigger since it was a hundred years ago.

Laura says that lots of the buildings will have changed, and Jacob says that there may be more roads, 'cause we have cars, don't we today? And a hundred years ago, not many people did have cars, they were only just being invented.

Geographic Information Systems, like The Geography Visualiser that we're using today, allow us to look back in time.

They allow us to look and see how something has changed over a period of time using historical records.

Mr. Schofield has made us another video now to show us just how we can do that.

<v Mr. Schofield>In this video,</v> we are going to use The Geography Visualiser to investigate some changes in our local area.

Now, to do this, we're not going to click on basemaps this time, we're going to click on where it says Open map.

So on the bottom toolbar, I'm going to click on that Open map.

And you can see, it opens lots of different maps all with information on them.

This one, for example, where it says Global Cities, this is information about how big cities are around the world.

Now we sometimes call this a map layer, and these are all different map layers that I can add to the map.

Now I'm going to use where it says GB Historic Maps.

And this is a map which was made between 1885 and 1903, that's over 120 years ago, and it's Britain back I suppose in 1900, a long time ago.

So let's click on that.

And you can see that the map changes, and it is turned into what looks like an old map.

Now I need to go back to a local area, and I'm using Basingstoke, but you will have to find your own local area.

I'm going to do it by the search button, so I'm using the magnifying glass.

I'm going to type in Basingstoke, and it'll take me there.

I'm going to zoom in, I can use these buttons here, or I can use this scroll wheel of the mouse.

Every time, remember, I want to move the map, I just hold my left button down, and I can just move it around.

But let's zoom in.

What can we see? So what do you think these black rectangles are on the map? Yeah, these are houses or buildings.

So where you see these black rectangles that is Basingstoke back 120 years ago, a bit more.

Outside of this is this white area with lots of lines, and this is essentially fields, and the lines are just to show the shape of the land.

What else can you see on the map? Now I can see these parallel lines here, which look like roads, I don't think you'd see cars on them though.

You'd maybe see people walking maybe, or some cars, but not so many cars, certainly, not at this time.

And this black and white line here, what you think this is? Yeah, these are railways.

So the railway was there in Basingstoke.

Now there is a really good way in The Geography Visualiser of comparing this old map with a new map or aerial image.

And the way you do that is we can click on where it says map layer at the bottom, and you'll see there's lots of buttons, that I can click in this little popup menu.

And if I click on the Swipe button, what it allows me to do is drag these handles to the right to show the old map, and over to the left to show a modern aerial image.

And you can straight away see, there's some differences here.

If I zoom out, maybe it makes it a little bit easier.

So that's the modern image, Basingstoke's here.

And if I drag this across, you can see how Basingstoke used to look.

I'm going to close this menu now.

So we're just going to look at the old map first.

And I'm going to zoom in, and I could just look for changes between two maps, but what I would quite like to do is to measure Basingstoke and see if it's grown.

Now, the way I'm going to do this is I'm going to draw a shape around Basingstoke, and then I'm gonna try and draw another shape around Basingstoke as it is nowadays.

So the way I'm going to do this, I'm going to come to the bottom toolbar, and I'm going to go to the Sketch button.

I'm going to click on the Sketch button, and we get this pop-up menu.

Now I'm going to choose a Polygon.

So I'm going to draw a polygon shape around Basingstoke.

So I'm going to click on the polygon, I can choose the color, I need to click on this square where it says Color to change the color.

And then if I bring the cursor over onto the map, you can see this cross with a red dot behind it, and I'm just going to start clicking the left button around where I think Basingstoke was back on the old map.

And it's really just the edges of these black rectangles, I don't have to be perfect, but that is.

I just get rid of the Sketch button.

That is now shaped around the size of Basingstoke as it was.

And what I'm now going to do is I want to now do the same thing on a new map or a new aerial image.

So I'm going to go back to the map layer, and we can see there's a little tick button here where it says Toggle visibility.

If I click this button for the Ordinance Survey map, it takes away the old map and takes us to the new map, but it keeps this polygon on.

So that is where Basingstoke used to be, just this area here, but we can see now it's much, much bigger isn't it? I'm having to zoom out to get all of Basingstoke onto the screen.

So what I'm going to do, I'm going to do the same again, I'm going to click on Sketch, I'm going to click on the Polygon.

And if I drag this over, I can change the color to something completely different.

So here I'm gonna change it into a blue color, I'm going to click on somewhere in that square, and that would mean that I'm now going to be drawing a blue polygon.

I don't have to be precise exactly, but I'm just trying to go to the edges of the housing and show just how big Basingstoke is in the modern day.

And that's not bad, is it? So I'm gonna cross this now.

And what we can see is we can see the difference.

The polygon in the middle is Basingstoke in the past, and this is Basingstoke in the modern day.

And that can show us just how much it has grown over time.

The other thing I can do is I can look for which features have changed between these two time periods.

So if I click on Map layer, I'm going to take off the sketches now, I'm going to click on the Swipe button, and I'm going to click the visibility, so we've got the old map again.

Now I can see if I zoom in a little bit that I remember this is the motorway running to south of Basingstoke, and if I look on the old map, it's not there.

So we can see it here, and I'd expect to be seeing it, but it's not there.

So the motorway definitely wasn't there.

I can see the railway that's on the old map, and if I zoom this way, I can still make out the railway running across here.

It will be a little bit easier if I put the map labels on, because that would tell me it's there, but I know that that's there.

I can also see that the Sainsbury's distribution center, that we saw before, that definitely isn't there, that's just fields, isn't it? So we can actually just look at the map to investigate the changes as well as looking at how the size of our local area has changed over time.

<v ->Thanks, Mr. Schofield.

</v> That was just magical how you could have a map from the past alongside a map of the present day, and just switch between them to see things reappear over time, how things have changed.

That was amazing, thank you.

So let's have a look now at some questions just to make sure that we're keeping up with how the Visualiser works and what it can show us before we move on.

So, first of all, a multiple-choice question for you.

Thinking about how Mr. Schofield showed us how Basingstoke had changed over time.

Now be careful there could be more than one correct answer here.

Basingstoke has changed over time by getting smaller or by getting larger.

Has it changed over time by having more railways or by having a motorway? Have a think which of those options show us how Basingstoke has changed over time? Have you chosen? There is more than one correct answer here, it's b and d here.

Basingstoke has definitely become larger over time, and it has also had a motorway built that wasn't visible on that older map was it? So we know that that is a change over time.

A little true or false to get you thinking now here.

Is it true or false if we say that all roads in the UK were built for cars to travel on them? Do you think that's True, or do you think that's False? You can pause the video if you want to have a think about this or maybe discuss it with a partner.

All done? Okay, let's see.

This is, of course, False.

It's not true to say that all roads in the UK were built for cars to travel on them.

What could we say to back ourselves up? How do we know that this is False? Pause the video, have a chat to a learning partner, and see what reasons you could come up with.

Ready? Okay.

Roads were there before cars were invented, so that's the key point here, really.

We couldn't have built roads for cars if we didn't have cars yet to go on them.

Originally, roads would be used by people walking from A to B, by horses traveling up and down roads, people would ride their horses, and before cars, people used carts that were pulled by horses, carts and carriages for the richer people as well.

Cars came much later on, and over time, roads, technology behind roads, became different to make them more robust to allow cars to travel up and down on them, and more so so that we can travel on them safely.

Now, Alex and Sofia are here and they're talking about how The Geography Visualiser works.

Alex says that to find the old maps of Great Britain, you need to click on the basemaps icon in the toolbar.

Sofia says that to find the old maps of Great Britain, you need to click on Open map In the toolbar.

Who's correct? Which of those buttons should we press to find access to those historical maps? It's Sofia.

We click on the Open maps icon in the Visualiser.

Okay.

So we saw in the video how Mr. Schofield was using shapes or polygons to be a bit more exact, to use them to measure things, for example, like how much a place has grown.

We can see here how he was measuring Basingstoke with that little town center in the middle there in the red polygon as the historical Basingstoke.

And then the blue area we can see is so much bigger today, and that shows us how Basingstoke has grown over time.

Now, to do that, remember, he clicked on the Measure button first, and then he clicked on the Measure shape button in the box that popped up, and that allowed him to draw those two polygons to make that comparison.

Now Sam and Andeep from Oak Academy are talking about using the Visualiser.

Sam says that to draw a polygon or a shape around a town, you need to select the Sketch button from the toolbar.

Andeep says that to draw a shape around a town, you need to select the Basemaps button.

Who's correct? What do we press here? It's Sam, yes.

What we do is we press Sketch, and that gives us that pencil-type icon which allows us to draw that shape around the area that we want to look at.

Moving on now to Task B: Open the Geography Visualiser.

Now here, I want you to complete some tasks to investigate changes to your local area over time.

You begin by using the Open map button.

So at the bottom in the toolbar, you click on Open map, you will then select GB Historic Maps and you will use the magnifying button on the left-hand side and type in the name of where you live, your local village, town, or city.

You can use the Map layers button then and select the Swipe button to be able to move between the two maps, and you'll be able to see side by side how things have changed between the past and the present day.

Spend a bit of time doing that and looking, exploring the area.

When you are ready, complete this task for us.

Click the Sketch button in the toolbar and select Polygon, so you are going to select Polygon and you're going to draw a shape.

You're going to draw that Polygon around your local area on the historic map.

Then, click on the layer button in the toolbar and untick where it says toggle visibility, okay? Then you can draw another polygon in a different color around your local area on the modern-day map, on the modern-day aerial image.

That's what Mr. Schofield did with the blue and the red polygon that you saw before.

When you have those two polygons over each other, you can see how things have changed.

So at that point get together with a partner and talk about what you can see, talk about the changes that have happened over time.

Now you can come back here to look at this slide and read these instructions at any time.

And it takes a minute to get used to all the different buttons and things.

So don't worry if you click on the wrong thing first, come back, read the instructions again, and try once more.

Don't forget, you can also ask a partner for some help if you're not sure, but you know that your classmate has managed to get to the next stage.

Pause this video now, spend some time completing the tasks and exploring how changes in your local area have happened over time.

See you soon.

Ready? Okay.

Let's have a look at some examples to take you through this Task B.

Okay, so to begin with, you will have seen something like this.

You will have had the historical map on the left of your screen, and you will have had the modern-day aerial image on the right, and you'll be able to see those side by side.

Then, when you drew your polygons, you might have ended up with something that looked like this.

You'll have had maybe a red small polygon in the middle, and a much larger blue area around it, if your town or city did get larger over time.

When you talked about it with a learning partner, you might have had some thoughts like these: Basingstoke is now much bigger than it was a hundred years ago.

Was your local area much bigger than it was a hundred years ago? Basingstoke has lots more houses now, there are roads, there are workplaces there that weren't there a hundred years ago.

It also now has a motorway in the South.

Did you notice any changes like that in your area? Did your area have motorways or railways that weren't there a hundred years ago? Did it show new buildings and new houses or residential areas? You've done really well today to get to know how a new digital system works, and how useful it can be for you in your Geography lessons.

I hope you've enjoyed using The Geography Visualiser.

So, to summarize what we have done in this lesson, we now can say that we know a GIS, or a Geographic Information System, is a type of digital map, and with that map, we can see and understand geographical patterns that are happening.

We can use the GIS to investigate our local area, and we can use it to investigate changes in our local area over time.

I think we can also safely say that we've discovered that most villages, towns, and cities have definitely grown in the last 120 years or so.

That's all we have time for in today's lesson, but join me again next time for another exciting Geography lesson with me, Ms. Roberts.

Bye for now!.