Lesson video

Hi everyone, my name is Miss Hummel, and I would usually be a teacher in a school in Feltham.

Together, we'll be answering the question, what are organs and why do we need them? In this lesson, we will first discuss what organs are.

Then we will learn about some of the most important organs in our body.

We will make sure we know how to label them in our body.

And finally, we will learn about organ donation.

Our lesson will follow this structure.

First, we will discuss what organs are.

Then we will go through the functions of some of the important organs.

We will follow that by applying our knowledge and locating and labelling those organs in a diagram.

And finally, we will learn about organ donation and how it can save lives.

In this lesson, you will need an exercise book or paper, a pencil or pen, a coloured pencil or pen, and a ruler.

If you haven't got those things, pause the video now and go get them.

Here are our star words, which are the most important words of our lesson.

I'm going to say them and ask you to repeat them after me.

When I point at myself, it will be my turn, and when I pointed at you, it will your turn.

Liver, organs, intestine, heart, respiratory, circulatory, lungs, digestive, brain, skin, kidneys, stomach, and that's it.

Now respiratory, digestive and circulatory all relate to different systems, which help us complete functions in our body.

Systems we usually use are a range of organs.

And intestine, heart, lungs, skin, brain, stomach and kidneys, are all examples of organs.

We will begin by discussing what organs are.

Now, you may have an idea of some of your most basic organs.

Your body is made up of lots of different organs that are working together to keep us alive.

An organ is a part of your body that has a specific job to do.

Can you think of any organs? For example, your eyes are an organ which help you to see.

To keep all your organs working well, you need to eat a balanced diet, drink plenty of water and do lots of exercise.

To eat a balanced diet, drink plenty of water and do lots of exercise.

Now it's your turn to answer these questions.

First, what is an organ? Second, what do you need to do to keep your organs healthy? You can pause the video to answer the question, and you can resume once you've finished.

Organs are grouped together into organ systems. Examples of organ systems include the circulatory system, the respiratory system and the digestive system.

Can you think of any organs that are part of these organ systems, given some clues by the diagrams? We're now going to discuss those different organs and their functions.

In preparation for the rest of the lesson, you should create a table that looks like this.

On one column, you should have the title, "Organ", which is where you will write the name of the organ that we're discussing.

Then you should have a column on the right that says main function or job, where you will write what each organ does.

And pause the video to make this table.

You should take notes as I'm going through the different organs, and you can resume the video once you've got your table and you're ready for the rest of the lesson.

Hopefully you made the section for the job much greater than the section for the organ, to allow you enough space to write that down.

We're going to start with the heart.

The heart pumps blood around the body.

The heart sits within the chest cavity, between the lungs and is about the size of a fist.

And essentially, it's a muscle which functions as a really powerful pump.

It's pumping out that blood around the body.

Then we've got lungs.

Now, before we speak about lungs, make sure that you took your notes about the heart.

Lungs filter air coming in and ensure that oxygen enters the bloodstream.

They enable breathing out in order to dispel carbon dioxide or to get rid of carbon dioxide.

Inside our chest, our lungs take in oxygen from the air that we breathe.

The oxygen is carried by the blood to the rest of the body.

Now put your hands on your chest and breathe in very deeply.

You will feel your chest getting slightly bigger.

Now, breathe out the air, and you can feel that your chest returns to regular size.

You've just felt the power of your lungs.

Make sure you've written the function of your lungs.

I would advise you to watch this video now.

Oak National Academy are not responsible for third-party content and the video may be blocked on a school network.

But this video does help understand how we transport oxygen throughout our bodies.

The next organ we need to know about is the brain.

The brain is at the centre of where we make decisions and control the entire body.

Make sure you've written that down.

The centre of where we make decisions and control the entire body.

Now the brain is at the centre of what we call the human nervous system, which controls our thoughts, movements, memories and even our decisions.

Our nervous system is the message central of our body.

So the messages from the nervous system travel throughout the body to help the body function and stay safe.

Let's have a look at the liver.

The liver has three main jobs.

First, it produces digestive liquid called bile.

Second, it cleans your blood.

And third, it stores energy as a type of sugar.

Before we move on to skin, make sure you've taken your notes on the liver.

Now the skin covers the entire body and it protects it from disease.

Skin is the humans body's largest organ.

Your skin performs a range of different functions, which include physically protecting your bones, muscles and internal organs.

Allowing you to feel and react to heat and cold.

And also, using blood to regulate your body heat, so whether you're staying warm or whether you're feeling a bit cooler.

Next, we've got the kidneys.

The kidneys filter the liquid from your blood, and they also produce your urine, which is your pee.

Your kidneys are two of the most important organs in your body.

They filter your blood and they help get rid of the waste products from your body.

So anything that the body doesn't need, can be released as a waste product through your urine.

Now, did you know that each kidney is about the size of a mobile phone, this still quite large.

They do have an unusual shape.

Can you think of any food that might be named after our kidneys? You may have been thinking of kidney beans, which you can use in a chilli or in lots of different types of foods.

The stomach is where the food is digested, it contains acid to break down the food.

What does digested mean? It means that our food is broken down to extract its nutrients.

Make sure you've taken your notes on the stomach.

Small intestine is where most of our digestion takes place and where the nutrients from the broken down food get absorbed into your body.

Finally, the large intestine is the part of your digestive tract that makes faeces, which is poop, and removes excess water from the faeces so that it moves out of your body properly.

You're now going to pause the video to complete this task.

Which organ are these definitions referring to? We've got pumps blood around the body, that's one.

The centre of where we make decisions and control the entire body.

And then we've got filters the liquid in our body and produces urine.

You can resume the video once you've finished.

Now get ready to mark your work.

Now the heart was the one that pumps blood around the body.

The brain is the centre of where we make decisions and control the entire body.

And the kidneys filter the liquid in our body and produce urine.

You're now going to pause the video to complete this acting out task.

Can you think of some actions to help you remember the main functions of the organs that we have discussed? For example, for the lungs, you could actually feel your chest and feel your lungs inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

You can resume once you've thought of some actions.

Let's focus now on where we can find those organs or the organ location.

In this task, I would like you to try and apply the knowledge and label the organs that we have mentioned so far.

If you haven't got the diagram in front of you, you can say the organ out loud and point at it on your screen.

Pause the video to complete this task and you can resume once you've finished.

Now get ready to mark your work.

So here's a picture of the answers, mark your work with a different coloured pen or pencil if you wrote it down.

If you said them out loud, try and check if you made any mistakes.

Finally, we're going to discuss organ donation.

Now the content of what we're about to read and reference, contains reference to organ donation.

For some people, this will be a sensitive topic, and if that applies to you, you may want to do the rest of this lesson with a trusted adult nearby who can support you.

What is organ donation? Organ donation refers to giving a solid organ or a tissue that helps someone who needs a transplant.

Transplants can save the lives of other people, but this relies on donors and their families supporting their decision to donate their organs or tissues when they die.

So when someone dies, sometimes their organs are still perfectly functioning and could be donated to someone else to save their life.

There are still not enough organ and tissue donors.

There are around 6,000 people currently on the active transplant waiting list.

That means that 6,000 people are waiting for an organ that could potentially save their life, in the UK.

You may be wondering, can people under 18 donate their organs? The answer's yes, parents can give consent, if they know that's what their child wanted.

From spring 2020, the law around organ donation in England has changed.

All adults that are over the age of 18, in England, will be considered to have agreed to be an organ donor when they die, unless that they recorded the decision that they did not want to donate, or they're in an excluded group.

You're now going to pause the video to answer these questions.

First, what is organ donation? Second, how many people are currently on the waiting list for a transplant in the UK? How have the laws in England changed for organ donation? You can resume the video once you're finished.

I'm going to be telling the story of Charles Obadiaro, who went through a transplant.

And he was 17 years old and he lives in Hertfordshire.

He was born with something called prune belly syndrome, and had a kidney transplant when he was seven years old.

Prune belly syndrome, which is also sometimes referred to as abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome, led to Charles's kidneys being unable to adequately filter waste products from the blood.

That means that they couldn't clean out the blood, like our kidneys usually do.

He received dialysis treatment for the first four years of his life.

He was under the care of the Great Ormond Street Hospital.

And three years later, a perfect match donor was found, enabling Charles to have a kidney transplant.

On average, black and Asian patients wait longer for a kidney transplant than white patients, due to the lack of suitable organs.

Blood and tissue types need to match for a successful transplant, and organs from people from the same ethnic background are more likely to be a close match.

Charles was no exception.

But when the time came, the transplant was a success.

Charles has grown physically fitter and stronger, and recently competed in his second Transplant Games as a key member of the Great Ormond Street Hospital Rental Team.

He came away with a bronze medal in table tennis, and gold in the adult cycling five kilometres time trials.

Charles now leads a completely normal life and has set his sights on a place at university, where he wants to study engineering.

He's unable to personally thank the donor for transforming his life, but he would like to meet or speak to the donor family one day.

We have now finished our lesson and it is time for you to complete your exit quiz.

You need to exit the video and complete the quiz to test your knowledge and understanding of this lesson.

I hope you enjoyed the lesson, bye.