Lesson video

Hello there my friends and welcome to this lesson on the unit of Building Locational Knowledge Hemispheres and Tropics.

My name is Mr. Pedroza.

And in this lesson, we're going to have a look at the following question.

So, the question is what is the geography of the Arctic and the Antarctic? In this lesson, we'll begin with the star words, and then we'll follow it up with where is the Arctic and Antarctic.

So we'll have a look at locating them on the map.

Then we'll look at the similarities between the two places, we'll look at the differences, and then we'll end with our end of lesson quiz.

Things that you're going to need in this lesson.

You need your exercise book or paper, you need a pencil or a pen, and then you also going to need a ruler.

So if you haven't got those things, go and get them now.

Awesome, let's begin with the star words, the key vocabulary.

So we need Arctic, Antarctic, topography, climate, elevation, and settlement.

Let's begin with the Arctic.

The Arctic is a polar region around the North Pole.

The Antarctic is a polar region around the South Pole.

So Arctic North, Antarctic South.

Topography is the shape of the earth's surface across an area or region.

The climate is the usual weather conditions in a place.

Elevation is the height to which something is raised, or its height above sea level or ground level, and settlement is the place where people have recently settled.

Now let's begin with where are the Arctic and Antarctic located? Well, the Northern Hemisphere is the half of the Earth that is north of the Equator.

And the Southern Hemisphere is the half of the Earth that is south of the Equator.

Remember that hemisphere is one of two equal halves of the Earth split along the Equator, which is the imaginary line that runs halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole.

Now the Arctic is a polar region around the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere.

The Antarctic, it's also a polar region, but it is polar region around the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere.

So the Arctic is around the North Pole, the Antarctic is around the South Pole.

All right, let's complete the sentences.

The two key words are Arctic and Antarctic.

So which of these regions is around the North Pole? Which of those regions is around the South Pole? So at this point, pause the video and complete that task.

Right, easy peasy one to start you with.

Let's have look.

So Arctic or Antarctic.

So the Arctic is in the North Pole, and the Antarctic is in the South Pole.

Awesome job, my friends.

I'm going to put it up so that you can check your answer.

Great start.

Now let's continue.

Remember that the Arctic is in the North Pole, and the Antarctic is in the South Pole.

Remember that the Equator is that imaginary line that runs in the middle, midway between the North Pole and South Pole.

So what I want you to do in this task, because remember, we're building occasional knowledge.

So we have to be able to identify these places on a map.

Is can you mark where the Arctic and Antarctic are? So, at this point, pause the video and point to where you think the Arctic and Antarctic are.

Okay, let's see if you got it right.

Ready? The Arctic is there.

That's the part of the region around the North Pole.

And the Antarctic is that, is the polar region around the South Pole.

Awesome job, my friends.

Let's continue.

Now, what are the similarities between the Arctic and the Antarctic? Well the Arctic and Antarctic, they look very similar from a distance.

They both seem to be mostly flat, covered in snow and ice with few or no other features to break up the landscape.

However, the two places are quite different.

Climate across both regions is also very similar.

And the Arctic and the Antarctic both have long, cold winters and short, cool summers.

However, temperatures do vary.

In the Arctic, minimum temperatures range from -43 degrees to -26 degrees.

While the Antarctic, it actually gets a little bit colder because minimum temperatures are -62 degrees to -55 degrees.

So the Antarctic can be a little bit colder than the Arctic.

Now let's have a look at these ones.

So you've got three key words.

You've got summers, winters, and similarity.

So where do you think those words might go? Once you know, write out the sentence and then read it back to see if it makes sense.

So let's pause the video and complete that task.

Okay, let's check it.

Ready? The key words were summers, winters, and similarity.

So similarity.

A similarity can be the Arctic and the Antarctic is that both regions have long, cold winters and short, cool summers.

So that's something that both places have in common.

So again, at this point, I'm going to make it really big so that you can check your answer.

Awesome work.

Let's continue.

And the other similarities are that at the poles, there are five months of daylight, then a month of twilight, then five months of darkness, then another month of twilight before it starts all over again.

However, these happen at the opposite times of the year.

Polar twilight occurs in the Northern Hemisphere between November and December.

And in the southern hemisphere, it happens between May and June.

So let's ask this question.

So, broken up by a month of twilight, how many months of daylight and darkness do the North and South Pole experience? So, both the North and South Pole experience how many months of daylight, does the North Pole experience and then followed by how many months of darkness do both poles experience? They both experience roughly the same amount of daylight and night and darkness.

So again, at this point, pause the video and answer the question.

Okay, let's review the answer to that question.

Broken up by month of twilight, how many months of daylight and darkness do the North and South Pole experience? So both the North Pole and both the North and South Poles experienced five months of daylight, then a month of Twilight, then five months of darkness, and another month of twilight.

And that would be the great answer to that question.

So again, at this point, I'm going to make it really big so that you can check your answer.

Awesome job, my friends.

Now, what are the differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic? So the similarities were they both tend to be quite cold, they have long, cold winters and short, cool summers, they both experience five months of darkness, and then five months of daylight.

So what are the differences? Well, there are many.

As I mentioned before, the Arctic is located in the North Pole, and the Antarctic is located in the South Pole.

The North Pole is mostly in the sea, and it's around 700 kilometres to the nearest landmass.

In contrast, the South Pole is inland, and it's around 1,300 kilometres to the nearest sea.

So North Pole is mostly in sea.

The South Pole is inland.

But let's have a look at the question.

So how far is a North Pole to the nearest landmass? But let's have a look at the question.

how far is a North Pole? to the nearest landmass.

Is it A.

7 kilometres is it B.

17 kilometres C.

70 kilometres or D.

700 kilometres.

So how far is not part of the nearest landmass? A, B, C or D have a think and then have a go.

Okay, let's have a look and see what the answer is how far is the North Pole to the nearest landmass? The answer is D.

700 kilometres.

So you could write the North Pole is 700 kilometres to the nearest land.

Awesome job.

Now let's continue.

What are the differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic let's continue, so despite the fact that both the Arctic and the Antarctic both have long, cold winters and short, cool summers.

there are some notable variations in the climates of both regions.

And this is mainly driven by the geography so the sea temperature in the Arctic doesn't fall below.

2 degrees, which means that the whole of the Arctic polar region is kept relatively warm, even though the sea is covered by ice.

In contrast, the Antarctic is the highest of all the continents with an average elevation of 2500 metres above sea level, temperatures drop as altitude increases, so the higher you go up, the lower the temperature.

therefore is much colder in the Antarctic than the Arctic, simply because the elevation is a lot higher.

So let's have a look whether these statements are true or false.

So in this one, you can read the statement, and then you can decide whether it's true or whether is false.

I'm going to read the slide to see and then you need to decide which one is true, which is false.

So, A.

sea temperature in the Arctic doesn't fall below -2 degrees Is that true? Or is that false? B.

The Arctic is the highest of all the continents again, is that true? Or is that false? And then C.

temperature drops as the altitude increases.

true or false? So at this point, pause the video and complete that task.

Okay so let's have a look really, so A.

Sea temperatures in the Arctic don't fall below 2 degrees, that is -2 degrees.

That is true.

B.

The Arctic is the highest of all the continents.

That is false.

It's the Antarctic that is the highest of all the continents.

And then C.

Temperature drops as the altitude increases.

That is also true.

So the average time the average elevation in Antarctica is around 2500 metres above sea level.

Therefore, the Antarctic is colder than the Arctic.

So it's fun to make the answers really big to that you You can check your answers.

Now let's continue.

But let's have a look at topography.

So remember that topography is the arrangement of the features on the land.

And the features of the architect tends to be the front end.

It's got lots of planes.

There are huge stretches of tundra and tundra is a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region, and it tends to cover Europe, Asia and North America.

And in the tundra, the sub soil is permanently frozen and very, very few plants tend to grow there.

Now, the Arctic also has a few mountains, some rolling hills, and it also has some very large rivers and lakes.

The topography of the Antarctic is the following; 98% of the land is covered in ice.

The ice sheet has to be quest Smooth Has some icy mountains that tends to be glaziers in the Antarctic and there is very little land vegetation.

In this one, got the following.

So, hmm percent of the land in the hmm is covered in ice.

I talked about a region where was the Antarctic or the Arctic that is covered in ice.

So which one of these regions is mostly covered in ice, and then I've got some percentages for you to use.

You can use 89% equals 98%.

So which of these two terms is going to make that sentence correct? Back, have a point have a go and complete that sentence.

Okay, let's see ready so you can use Arctic or Antarctic economic sense or 98%.

Ready? The answer is.

98% of the land in the Antarctic is covered in ice.

So they had to use 98%.

And they had to use Antarctic.

Well done, am going to put it up so that you can check your answer.

Now, let's continue.

Let's have a look.

Let's learn a little bit more about the typography of each place.

Now and the Arctic excluding the Greenland ice cap.

Most of the ice in the Arctic, even in the summer is frozen sea ice.

That's how cold it is.

And the in the Antarctic, much of the ice in the Antarctic waters, especially in the summer is freshwater ice from glaciers and ice sheet.

Let's have a look at wildlife now.

So what are the differences in terms of wildlife between the Arctic and the Antarctic? Well in the Arctic, that tends to have the sense of in many large land animals, that includes reindeer, musk oxen, Arctic hares.

You have snowy owls, you have squirrels, you have Arctic foxes and polar bears The Antarctic doesn't have that doesn't tend to have many large land animals.

Instead, it has many smaller ones, and many smaller land animals and sea animals, including seals and penguins, as a diverse range of birds, and it has large insects that are called the Antarctic midge.

Now, in this class, what I wanted to do is I want you to figure out the name of each animal.

And then I want you to write whether they live in the Arctic or the an Arctic.

So all of these animals are covered in the previous slide.

So at this point, pause with it and complete that task.

Okay, let's say let's review right.

So the first one was the Arctic Fox, and as the name suggests, he lives In the Arctic the Seal lives in the Antarctic penguins also live in the Antarctic.

And then you have the polar bear list in the Arctic.

Awesome job.

Let me leave it up, for to check your answers.

Now let's continue my friends.

Now what about humans site in the Arctic there are around 4 million people who live in the Arctic region, including the indigenous interrupt people.

And many indigenous peoples still live in remote areas of the Arctic in permanent modern housing.

Tourism to the Arctic has also been on the rise, but not necessarily always the life of the indigenous populations.

In the Antarctic, there is an absence of permanent human settlement.

And the main reason for this is due to a cold and inhospitable environment, even to the survive in the Antarctic requires uncommon, expensive equipment.

As such, it would be really difficult for humans to remain there for an extended period of time.

Well, you can find in the Antarctic in terms of humans is that there are around 70 WESA stations in the region where scientists try to try to study and find new organisms, as well as look for clues regarding the climate throughout US history.

So in the Arctic, there are permanent human settlements.

And there are around 4 million people in the Antarctic, there are no permanent human settlements.

But there are research stations where scientists are doing some work.

And the reason for that is because the Antarctic is just simply too cold, and nothing grows there.

So it will be really difficult for humans to live there.

But true or false, Antarctica is the only continent on earth with no permanent human settlement.

Is that true? Or is that false? Have a think and then have a good.

Okay, let's have a look.

What do you think? Is it true? Or is it false Antarctica is the only continent earth with no permanent human settlement? That is true.

Remember, the main reason for that is that due to the cold and inhospitable environment.

There are, however, around 70 research stations, where scientists are doing some very important work.

Now let's look at some natural resources.

What natural resources can you find in these regions? So in the Arctic, the mineral resources of the Arctic include major reserves of oil and natural gas, and also large quantities of minerals, including iron ore, copper and diamond.

And as a result, this region is becoming a source of potential conflicts between different powers different countries that want to exploit this region to access those natural resources.

In the Antarctic, their main mineral resource of Antarctic is coal and importantly, 90% of the world's freshwater is stored in the ice caps of Antarctica.

And let's answer these sentences in four.

Let's answer these questions, sorry, in four sentences.

So question 1 is, in which region? Can you find diamond deposits, the Arctic or the Antarctic? Question number 2 is, what is the main mineral resource of the Antarctic? And then question number 3 is, what percentage of the world's freshwater is stored in the ice caps of Antarctica? So again, you could answer these sentence or these questions in four sentences.

So pause the video and complete that task.

Okay, let's have a look at the answer to those questions.

So question 1, in which region can you find diamond deposits in the Arctic for the Antarctic, diamond deposits can be found in the Arctic.

Question number 2, what is the main mineral resource of the Antarctic? So the main mineral resource of the Antarctic is coal.

And then number 3, what percentage of the world's freshwater is stored in the ice caps of Antarctica? For sentences, it would be 90% of the world's freshwater is stored in the ice caps of Antarctica.

And those are the answers to questions 1,2 and 3 I'm going to put it up so that you can check your answers against mine Guys.

That is the end of the lesson.

Great work today.

Awesome job.

It's now time to complete your end the lesson quiz.

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They're going to use hashtag ,tagging Oak National and they're going to use the hashtag learn with like this #LearnWithOak and if there something you want to share please ask your parents or carers to do that for you.

Guys, thanks so much for joining me today.

I hope you enjoyed the lesson and I shall see you in another lesson.

Goodbye my friends.