Lesson video

Hi everyone.

My name is Miss Dhillon.

And last lesson we were learning about how rivers shaped the land.

Can you remember the ways in which rivers shaped the land? I will give you the first one to help you.

So, rivers can shape the land through transportation.

Can you now name the other two processes that can shape the land? Have a few moments to think.

Good job! If you said erosion or deposition, you are correct.

These are other ways that the land can be shaped by rivers.

Now, the question we're going to be exploring in today's lesson is: what landforms do rivers create? This is what the structure of today's lesson is going to look like.

We will go through the star words, then we will look at the following: What are landforms? Then we will look at how landforms are created.

We will then look at two examples of Horseshoe Bend and the Nile Delta.

And finally, we will move on to looking to understand how V-shaped shaped valleys are formed through erosion.

But before, please make sure you have all your equipment ready for today's lesson.

On the screen, you can see the star words for today's lesson.

I will be explaining these in more detail throughout the lesson.

But let's start using my turn, your turn to say them out loud.

Landform.

Tectonic plates.

Glaciers.

Erosion.

Deposition.

Transportation.

V-shaped valley.

Interlocking spurs.

Good job, team! Let's start off by defining what a landform is.

A landform is a part of the land.

For example, mountains, hills, and valleys, these are all examples of different landforms. Remind me again, what is a landform? Say it out loud.

Good.

It is a part of the land.

Landforms can be created by the movement of tectonic plates.

For example, to create mountains like the Himalayas, like you can see in the picture on the screen.

Tectonic plates are the earth's outer shell, which are divided into several plates and these can sometimes move.

Landforms can also be created by oceans, for example, to create cliffs.

Glaciers, big bodies of ice, create landforms such as deep valleys, which is a low area of land between hills or mountains.

Wind can also create dramatic landforms, such as rock bridges.

Have you ever seen one before? I wonder if you have.

Pause the video now to complete the task on the screen.

Match the photograph to the process.

You can now see the answers on the screen.

Take a few moments to check whether you matched the correct photograph with the correct process.

Did you get those correct? High five! Well done! You've made a great start to today's lesson.

Rivers can also create dramatic landforms. Erosion, transportation and deposition create landforms of varying shapes and sizes.

The Horseshoe Bend in the Grand Canyon, which is in the USA, has been formed by erosion over millions of years.

Pause the video now to complete the task on the screen.

Did you get the correct answer? Well done if you did! The Horseshoe Bend has been created due to erosion.

Now some landforms are so big that they can be seen from space, such as the Nile Delta in Egypt.

The Nile Delta has been formed by thousands of years of deposition, the dropping of materials.

This is where sediments, soil and rocks have been dropped off and added to the landform.

You can see where this has happened on the screen.

It has been circled with a ring.

Pause the video now to complete the task on the screen.

Did you get the correct answer? Well done if you did! You are on top form! So the Nile Delta has been created due to deposition, the dropping of materials.

Rivers can also create beautiful landforms that drastically change the landscape.

For example, the Fairy Pools in the Isle of Skye, which is in the UK.

We are now going to look a bit more closely at V-shaped valleys.

Point to the image where you can see the V in the valley.

So maybe you pointed to around here.

Well done if you did! You can see a V in the V-shaped valley, and that's where he gets his name from, because it creates a V.

I would now like you to pause the video to complete this task.

How do you think that V-shaped valleys are formed? Do you think it's because of erosion, deposition or transportation? This is a prediction, so it's okay if you don't get the answer correct.

You are just predicting, and we will go through it shortly after you've done this question.

We are now going to go through the answer together.

So the answer is that the V-shaped valleys are caused due to the process of erosion.

And let me now explain why.

In the part of the river that's closest to the source, and this is known as the upper course of the river, this is where the river is still flowing through mountains and hills.

The river does a lot of vertical erosion.

This means erosion, but going downwards.

Where is it going? Good! Downwards, like the arrow is pointing in the image.

And because it is eroding downwards, it is cutting into the rock.

The process of vertical erosion in the upper course creates a V-shaped valley.

This is because it deepens the river channel by cutting into the rock.

In the middle and lower course of the river, which is further away from the source and closer to the mouth of the river, where it ends, the river does more lateral, to the side, sideways erosion.

This makes the river channel wider.

So just to recap, vertical erosion is downwards, and lateral is sideways erosion.

This makes the river wider, good job.

And this makes the river deeper.

Well done, team! I would now like you to pause the video to complete the task on the screen.

Complete the sentences using the correct keywords.

You can now see the answers on the screen.

I'm just going to give you a few moments to check your answers.

How did you do this time, team? Well done if you got most, if not all of those correct.

High five! We are now going to look at some V-shaped valleys, but in a bit more depth.

The river finds it easier to erode rock that is less resistant or softer than it is to erode more resistant, or harder rock.

So what happens is the river bends around the areas of more resistant, or hard rock.

These sections of rock that stick out that the river has not been able to erode because it's really hard rock, are called interlocking spurs.

My turn, your turn: interlocking spurs.

Good job! Look at the diagram more closely.

Can you point to where you think the interlocking spurs are in the picture? Did you point to around about here? Well done if you did! So the interlocking spurs are the parts that have not been eroded because the rock is much, much harder and it's harder for the river to break these down.

I would now like you to pause the video and complete the task on the screen.

You've got some keywords to help you write your answer.

On the screen, you can now see an example of a model answer.

The keywords that I have used are in bold, so you can see how I've used them to write my sentences.

I would now like you take a few moments to check your answer and compare it to the model answer.

Okay team, that is now the end of our lesson, and I hope you enjoyed finding out lots about the landforms and how the rivers can create these.

Next lesson, we will continue to investigate the same question and find out more about how rivers can create landforms. Bye, everyone!.