Lesson video

Hi everyone, I'm Miss Reid.

Welcome to another lesson on mediaeval monarchs.

If you haven't already completed today's started lesson quiz, pause the video now so that you can go back and do that.

Great.

Now that you've all completed the quiz, let's get on with our lesson.

Our key question for today's lesson is who was the worse king, Richard the first or John? In today's lesson, we're going to start by looking at the House of Anjou.

We're going to think closely about the relationships between Henry the second's sons and the rivalries that developed in their bid to become king.

We're then going to think about Richard the first and John, their successes and failures, what made them good and bad kings, and we're going to conclude the lesson by giving our opinion on who was the worse king.

Let's move on with our lesson.

So the first thing we're doing today is looking at the knowledge organiser and our star words.

Then we'll think about the House of Anjou, Richard the Lionheart and the Crusades, Bad King John and the Magna Carta, and finally, we'll give our opinion on who was the worse king.

In this lesson you'll need your exercise book or a piece of paper, a pencil, and of course your brain.

Pause the video now so you can go and get those things.

This is our knowledge organiser.

I know that we've seen this before and I'm really really excited to hear how many of you have been using flashcards or the Leitner system to memorise these facts.

You say you've learned five, 10, 15.

I'm really impressed with you so far.

If you haven't quite managed to make your flashcards, have a look at the Leitner system.

It will help you to remember as many facts as possible from this list.

Here are the key facts that we're going to be focusing on today.

You can pause the video now so that you can take a closer look at those.

Excellent.

Here are our star words.

These are the keywords that we're going to be using today.

I'm going to say the words and I want you to repeat them after me.

The House of Anjou.

Richard the first or Richard the Lionheart.

King John.

The crusades.

The Magna Carta.

Henry the third.

Excommunicate.

Excommunicate means that someone is banned from attending church services.

This doesn't mean that there aren't allowed to worship God but they're not allowed to do it in church with everyone else.

This is a family tree that represents the House of Anjou and all the people within it.

Now let's take a closer look at it.

You can see Henry the second at the top of this family tree next to his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Now Henry the second had eight children including five sons who all wanted to become king.

Ultimately, Henry struggled to provide them all with the land and the power that they wanted which led some of his sons to revolt against him.

Let's look at all eight of his children.

William was his first son.

Now William was due to take over the throne after Henry the second died, but of course, he died as a toddler.

You can see he was born in 1153 and died in 1156 which left him no opportunity to take over.

Henry the young you might remember from our previous lesson was what Henry the second and Thomas Becket argued over.

Thomas Becket wanted to be the man to crown Henry the young king when the time came.

However, Henry the second gave that job to the Archbishop of York.

Now Henry the young was due to become king.

However, he died when he was 28 before his father had died and before he had a chance to take over the throne.

Matilda was the next child.

Of course she was a female and that meant she had no opportunity to take over the throne.

Richard the first was crowned king after Henry the second died as he was the next living son after Henry the younger.

Now Richard joined forces with the French king to fight against his father in his lifetime.

However, he eventually got the throne and therefore got what he wanted.

Geoffrey was the next child.

Eleanor came after him, then Joan and finally John.

Now John appear to be Henry the second's favourite son and he became king after Richard the first died in 1199.

Excellent.

Now we've had a look at the family tree.

We're going to think about some questions that relate to it.

One, who were the four kings from the House of Anjou? Let's look back at the family tree.

Now I know that the kings are shown in bold on the family tree.

Henry the second is one of the kings from the House of Anjou.

Can you find the other four? You can write your answer in name form or you can write a full sentence.

Pause the video now.

Great, let's look at question two.

Two, how many children did Henry the second have with Eleanor of Aquitaine? Have a look at the family tree.

How many children did Henry and Eleanor have? Pause the video now.

Excellent work.

Let's look at question three.

Three, who did Henry the young marry? Who did Henry the young marry? Have a look at the family tree and pause the video.

Great.

Now you've had a chance to answer the questions.

Let's tick or fix our answers.

I'd like you to pause the video now and tick or fix your answers.

Okay.

Let's move on to talk about Richard the Lionheart.

Here is an image of Richard the Lionheart.

Now Richard was known for being a great military leader commanding his first army when he was only 16.

It's for this reason that he became known as Richard the Lionheart.

Richard's almost famous for something else.

Now Richard is known for persecuting Jewish people.

Persecution means that he treated them differently because they were Jewish.

An example of this is that he ordered that all Jews should be banned from receiving ranks and honour.

Not only that but when Jewish leaders arrived to give gifts to Richard, he's thought to have stripped them of their clothes and beat them.

Not only that but many Jews were forced to become Christians and there were several mass killings of Jews after rumours swept the nation that Richard had ordered all Jews to be put to death.

Have a read of this quote and I'll tell you a little bit more about it.

Now Richard's said to have spent very little time in England.

In fact, during his 10 year reign, it's said that he only spent six months in England.

Some historians think that he only wanted England for its taxes to raise money for his armies.

He started heavily taxing the people of England but not only the people but the church as well.

Something that hadn't been done before.

He's even said to have said "I would have sold London "if I could find a buyer." On this next slide you can see two sentences and two true or false questions.

One says "Richard the first was called Richard the Lionheart "because he was a poor or great military leader." Two, "Richard persecuted or celebrated Jewish people." You need to choose the correct option in the sentence.

Pause the video and rewrite these sentences with the correct option.

Great.

Let's move on to true or false.

Three, Richard the first only spent six months in England.

True or false? Four, Richard the first taxed his people for large sums of money.

True or false? Pause the video now and write either true or false next to those questions.

Great, let's see your answers.

Let's tick or fix.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answers.

Excellent work.

Okay, I'm going to talk to you about the crusades.

We're going to read two paragraphs about the crusades before moving on.

You can read along with me or you can read in your head.

"The crusades were series of religious wars fought "between European Christians and Muslims "who lived in the Holy Land.

"Modern day Israel and Palestine.

"In the first crusade, 1095 to 1099, a mostly French army "had captured the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

"However, in 1187 the Sultan of Egypt "and Syria, Saladin, recaptured almost all "of the major cities in the Holy Land for the Muslims." Here you can see a map.

This map shows the journey that the crusaders took from Europe or the Holy Roman Empire, all the way to the Holy Land or the Crusader States.

You can see the four separate crusades that were met, that were undertaken.

They show in different colours on this map.

The first crusade is in pink and you can see that it began in France, and that they journeyed across to the Holy Land.

Now Richard was on the third crusade.

That line is in blue.

You can see that it started in England and he stopped off in France.

This is where he met Phillip the second and his French army.

And together they journeyed all the way to the Holy Land.

Now people from the West were Christians.

They were part of the Holy Roman Empire and they wanted to take back the Holy States from the Muslim people.

The Holy Land was an important area for Muslims, Jews and Christians.

They had all lived there together throughout the years and they all wanted to be able to have power over it.

On the left, you can see the paragraphs that we read about the crusaders.

On the right, I'd like you to have a look at the sentences and complete them using the information in the paragraphs.

Pause the video now and complete the sentences.

Great.

Let's have a look at your answers.

I'd like you to pause the video and tick or fix your answers.

Okay.

In this image, you can see King Richard the first and King Phillip the second at the front of their army of crusaders.

This army was made up of French and British soldiers and it shows them on their way to the Holy Land.

Now King Richard and King Phillip went on a long crusade and it was fairly successful because along the way, they were able to take back many cities from the Holy Land and from Saladin.

Now in one particularly gory episode, King Phillip and King Richard ordered that 3,000 Muslims should be beheaded in front of Saladin's army.

You can imagine that this did not make him very pleased.

In fact, his response was to ensure that all of the Christians who were prisoners of his were executed.

Before we have a look at those questions, I've got one more thing to tell you.

Now, King Phillip and King Richard, they were very powerful men and their crusade had been so far successful.

However, they were not able to take back the most important city of Jerusalem.

This was the most important Holy City and it meant that their crusade was not as successful as it could have been.

Let's have a look at these.

The first two questions asked you to complete the sentences using the information that you learned from the previous slide.

The second, the third question is a true or false question.

I'd like you to read the information and answer the questions.

Great.

Let's have a look at your answers.

You can tick or fix.

Before we continue, I just want to go back to this image.

Now, when I looked at this, when we looked at this image before, I discussed King Phillip and King Richard at the front.

When actually if you look closer at the image, you can see there are two figures being carried towards the back of this picture.

It's likely that these are King Richard and King Phillip rather than the two men at the front.

This is because they were the most important and powerful and they wouldn't have necessarily been expected to ride alongside the other men on horses.

Okay.

This slide is called The King's Ransom.

Now this is a very important part of Richard's journey.

On his way back to England from the crusade, Richard was stopped by Leopold of Austria and he was captured.

Leopold was very very crossed with Richard because he believed that Richard had killed his cousin.

He handed Richard over to the King of Germany, Henry the sixth.

Now the Pope ordered Leopold and Henry to let Richard go but they refused.

The Pope responded by excommunicating them.

In this image, you can see in it a picture of Richard lying on the floor at Henry's feet, begging him to let him go.

Now Henry refused to let him go.

In fact, he asked that the people of England pay 43 tonnes of silver for his release.

Now, while Richard had been away on his crusade, there was someone who was eager to take his throne.

Do you remember who that was? Exactly.

King John.

Now he wasn't king yet but he wanted to take over, and while Richard was away, he saw it as a perfect opportunity to seize the throne.

When he heard about Richard's capture, he was reluctant to pay the money.

However, their mother, Eleanor, raised taxes across England to pay for the king's ransom.

Richard was finally released and he returned to England to be re-crowned.

However, not long after his re-crowning, he returned to Normandy where much of his land had been taken while he was away on the crusade.

Unfortunately for Richard, he died in 1189 and this was when John took over the throne.

Have a look at these questions.

You need to choose the correct word and complete the sentences below.

One, Richard the first was originally captured by Leopold of Austria or Henry the sixth.

Two, Richard's ransom was raised by John or his mother.

Three, true or false? Richard the first returned to England where he spent the rest of his life.

Pause the video now and answer these questions.

Great.

The king's ransom.

I'd like you to tick or fix your answers.

Bad King John.

You might be wondering why we call him Bad King John.

Well, King John is known in history as one of the worst kings in England.

He was set to be self obsessed, jealous and vengeful seeking revenge on anyone he thought had wronged him.

He was not like his father who was known as a great leader and he was not like his brother Richard who was known as a brave warrior.

These were the traits of a good king.

John was not a good leader and he was not a brave warrior.

Here's a question for you.

Which two skills did John lack? King John was neither a good nor was he a.

Pause the video now.

Which two skills did John lack? Tick or fix your answer.

Now there are a number of things that made John a bad king.

I'm going to go through five of those key things with you.

One.

In 1194, whilst his brother was away fighting the Holy War on the crusade, John plotted to seize the throne for himself.

Two.

John was self obsessed and he bought huge amounts of jewellery and clothes spending vast sums of money.

Three.

Just five years after becoming king, John lost most of England's territory in France.

You can see on these maps.

On the first left side of the map, on the left-hand side, the green area shows the land under French rule.

After John's rule, you can see how much the land the French had reclaimed.

So three is that John lost lots of England's territory in France.

Four.

In 1209, John argued with the Pope over who should be the Archbishop of Canterbury and was excommunicated from the church.

Five.

He raised taxes without asking the barons who were the people who collected the taxes.

In addition, he took away much of the barons' land and gave it to his son, Henry the third.

This act made people think that John didn't have to follow the same laws as everyone else and that he felt he could act however he pleased.

Look at the previous slide and write down five things that made John a bad king.

Try to use the keywords next to each number to write a full sentence.

One, throne.

Two, clothes and jewellery.

Three, territory in France.

Four, excommunicated.

That means banned from attending church services.

Five, taxes, barons.

Pause the video now and write your full sentences.

I wonder what you've written.

Have a look at my sentences.

One.

John tried to seize the throne for himself.

Two.

John spent vast sums of money on clothes and jewellery.

Three.

John lost lots of territory in France.

Four.

John was excommunicated by the Pope.

Five.

John raised taxes and took land from the barons.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answers.

The Magna Carta.

Now this document is widely regarded by historians as one of the most important documents in British history.

We're going to read some information about it.

"In 1215, a large group of barons confronted the king "and threatened to rebel if he did not agree "to a number of promises.

"These promises were written down "into a document called the Magna Carta Libertatum "which means the great charter of liberties.

"The most important promise that the king agreed "to make was that he would be subject "to the law of the land, meaning "that he could no longer simply do whatever he felt like.

"It was sealed, signed by the King at Runnymede "on the 15th of June two, 1215.

"The Magna Carta can be seen as the first declaration "of basic rights which promised protection "for the church, a fair system for everyone "and a limit on the amount "of tax the king could take from the barons." Here are those three paragraphs again.

Use the paragraphs to complete the sentences below.

Pause the video and do that now.

Great work.

Have a look at the answers and tick or fix your answers.

Pause the video so that you can do that.

Here we have Henry the third.

He's very important to the Magna Carta.

Now, just a short while after John had signed the Magna Carta, it became clear that neither John nor the barons were going to sit to their, stick to their side of the agreement.

Just a few months after it was sealed, the barons rebelled against the king.

The Prince of France, Louis, saw this as an opportunity to stake his claim on the British throne.

Now he travelled to England and took much of England with the support of the barons including the capital city, London, and Winchester.

However, when John died in 1216, his young son, Henry the third, resealed the Magna Carta.

That means he resealed the promises that were made by king and barons within it.

The barons decided to take Henry the third's side and the war with France continued but only for a year longer.

Louis gave up his claim to the throne and returned to France.

Now that we've learnt all about King Richard and King John, we're going to look at some of their actions throughout their lifetime and we're going to place the actions into a table to show the things that Richard did and the things that John did.

Let's read through the actions.

Persecuted Jewish people.

Tried to seize the throne from his brother.

Spent vast sums of money on clothes and jewellery.

Ordered 3,000 Muslims to be beheaded.

Was excommunicated by the Pope.

Only spent six months in England.

Raised taxes and took land from the barons.

Lost lots of territory in France.

Said "I would have sold London if I could find a buyer." The first thing I'd like you to do is draw this table.

Make sure you have enough space in it to write the actions of each king.

Pause the video and draw your table now.

Great.

Now you've done that, I'm going to show you how I'd like you to write these actions into the correct columns.

I'm going to look at the first statement.

Persecuted Jewish people.

I know that King Richard the first persecuted Jewish people.

So I'm going to include that in the first column under King Richard the first.

I'd like you to look at the statements and write the statements or actions in the correct columns.

Pause the video now and complete that task.

Great.

Let's have a look at the correct answers.

So King Richard persecuted Jewish people, ordered 3,000 Muslims to be beheaded, only spent six months in England, said "I would have sold London "if I could find a buyer." King John tried to seize the throne from his brother, spent vast sums of money on clothes and jewellery, raised taxes and took land from the barons, lost lots of territory in France, was excommunicated by the Pope.

Pause the video so you can tick or fix your answers.

Great work.

The last task we're going to do today is you're going to use your opinion and the information that we've learned to decide who was the worse king.

I've given you a sentence data.

In my opinion, the worse king was, because.

This tells me that.

Here's how you could use this.

In my opinion, the worse king was King Richard the first because he persecuted Jewish people.

This tells me that he was not a fair or kind person.

I don't think that makes him a very good king.

Now remember that even though John has more bad actions in his column, that doesn't necessarily mean that he is the worse king.

You might think that the things Richard did were worse than the things John did.

You might think the things John did were worse than the things Richard did.

Think about who you think was the worse king.

Pause the video now so you can complete that task.

Excellent.

Another fantastic lesson, everyone.

Thanks so much.

I'm really looking forward to our next lesson.

Don't forget to complete your end of lesson quiz to see how much you've remembered from this lesson.

Thanks everyone, bye.