A jelly-like substance containing dissolved nutrients and salts where many chemical reactions happen.

A partially permeable structure that surrounds the cell; it controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

A sub-cellular structure that contains genetic material, which controls cellular activities.

A molecule found in the nucleus of cells and contains the genetic code for making proteins.

Sub-cellular structures that contain the enzymes for respiration, and is where most energy is released in respiration.

Animal cells: common structures and specialised cells

Biology

Cells

Light microscopy: observing and drawing cells

Plant cells: common structures and specialised cells

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms

Common structures of prokaryotic cells

The size and scale of cells: the basics

Pupils will learn about biological molecules that are essential to life, including sugars and other carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and the role of enzymes in catalysing the chemical reactions in which these substances are used and made.

Pupils learned that photosynthesis in producers makes glucose, a type of carbohydrate, which is used to make biomass and as a fuel for cellular respiration.

This unit covers the structure and function of sub-cellular components in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and explores DNA as the genetic material of organisms. It explains genetic terms, protein synthesis, and how genetic variants influence phenotypes.

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Cells_13

jelly-like liquid where many chemical reactions take place

where aerobic respiration takes place to release energy

semi-permeable; controls what enters and exits the cell

Match the sub-cellular structure to their function.

they have tiny hair-like structures called cilia 

their job is to transmit electrical impulses

their job is to sweep mucus up and out of the airways

Which of the following are true for a ciliated cell?

biconcave shape to speed up nerve impulses

long and thin axon to transmit nerve impulses

cytoplasm contains nutrients, half the amount of DNA

tail to help it swim, half the amount of DNA, acrosome in head

filaments of protein, lots of mitochondria

Match each specialised cell to their correct features.

the axon of nerve cells have a myelin sheath to transmit impulses faster

egg cells have an acrosome to break down the sperm cell membrane

ciliated cells have dendrites to sweep mucus up and out of the lungs

red blood cells have a biconcave shape to increase their surface area

Cells_1

Which of the following is not a sub-cellular structure?

Name the gas that is transported around the body inside the red blood cells?

What is the name of the genetic material found inside the nucleus?

Which cellular process takes place inside the mitochondria?

Animal cells: common structures and specialised cells

Lesson outcome