The process of administering a vaccine to an individual to create immunity to a pathogen.

A formulation that contains an inactive pathogen, or parts of it.

Immunity is established after the body is first exposed to a pathogen's antigens, and enables white blood cells to respond quickly to the antigen when the body is re-exposed to it.

When a high proportion of the population have been vaccinated against a disease, the spread is reduced and unvaccinated individuals may be protected.

Evaluating the global use of vaccination

Biology

Non-specific defences of the human body against pathogens

Immunity and vaccination

Plant defences against disease

Pupils will learn about the use of antibiotics against pathogens, and the development of new drugs and novel treatments for disease.

Pupils learned about non-communicable diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer; and about communicable diseases in humans and plant caused by pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

This unit explores the body's defences and immune response against pathogens, disease prevention, and vaccines. It covers plant defence responses, and disease detection, and evaluates scientific applications, considering personal, social, economic, and environmental implications.

Defences against pathogens, the human immune system and vaccination

Subjects which particular individuals may be sensitive to, eg, adoption, migration, bereavement or death, divorce, poverty, deprivation.

Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

a formulation containing an inactive pathogen

the process of injecting a formulation containing an inactive pathogen

long-lasting protection against a pathogen

Which disease has been eradicated through the use of a global vaccination programme?

Jacob: Vaccines are tested before they’re used on the public.

Laura: There are no risks when having a vaccination.

Lucas: The benefits of vaccination have not been proven.

common side-effects are severe and long-lasting.

common side-effects are mild and short-lived.

A vaccine is only approved for widespread use when evidence shows that …

When a very high percentage of the population has been vaccinated against a pathogen, this provides {{}} immunity.

Herd immunity immediately eradicates a disease.

Herd immunity helps protect people who can’t have the vaccination.

Herd immunity can spread from person to person in a population.

Herd immunity prevents regular outbreaks of diseases such as measles.

Herd immunity stops a pathogen from mutating.

Which statements explain why herd immunity is important?

White blood cells called lymphocytes make proteins called {{}} against pathogens.

Lymphocytes make antibodies that are specific to one {{}} on a pathogen.

A vaccine is the injected substance. Vaccination is the process of injecting it.

A vaccination is the injected substance. Vaccine is the process of injecting it.

Vaccine and vaccination mean exactly the same thing.

Which statement about vaccines and vaccination is correct?

When a person has been vaccinated against a pathogen, they are protected by {{}} cells that remain in their body.

The protection provided by memory cells is called __________.

After vaccination, if the pathogen from the vaccine enters the body again, memory cells quickly respond by making {{}}.

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