A molecule on the surface of a pathogen or other cell, which triggers an immune response.

A white blood cell that is part of the immune system and produces antibodies against a specific antigen.

Antibodies produced from a single clone of a hybridoma.

A cell that undergoes uncontrolled cell division.

An antibody-producing lymphocyte and a tumour cell fused together.

Monoclonal antibodies

Biology

Antibiotics

The effect of antimicrobial substances on bacterial growth: practical

Development of new medicines

Pupils learned about human and plant defences against pathogens, the role of white blood cells in the human immune system, and the use of vaccination to protect against communicable diseases.

This unit covers vaccines, medicines, and monoclonal antibodies for disease prevention and treatment. It explains aseptic techniques, medicine development, and antibody uses. The focus is on ethical considerations, risk evaluation, and societal impacts of scientific advances.

Medicines and new treatments for disease

Subjects which particular individuals may be sensitive to, eg, adoption, migration, bereavement or death, divorce, poverty, deprivation.

Depiction or discussion of sensitive content

Antigens and antibodies are {{}} in their shape.

Where are lymphocytes extracted from when making monoclonal antibodies?

a type of white blood cell produced by mice

a type of white blood cell produced by the spleen

a vaccination combining antigens and antibodies

a white blood cell and a tumour cell that have been combined

The mouse’s immune system doesn’t recognise the antigen and produces lymphocytes

The scientists remove lymphocyte cells from an organ called the spleen.

The lymphocyte cells are fused with human cancerous white blood cells.

The hybridoma cells continue to divide, making many identical clones.

The cloned hybridoma cells are grown in culture and continue making the antibody

Put these steps in order to show how monoclonal antibodies are made.

being a 'magic bullet' to deliver treatments

detecting and locating molecules in cells and tissue

Select the uses of monoclonal antibodies.

In a pregnancy test what is the monoclonal antibody attaching to?

Which of the following are white blood cells?

The main role of which human system is to protect us from disease?

proteins produced by a type of white blood cell

white blood cells that produce antibodies

white blood cells that engulf pathogens and digest them

a disease that can be passed between individuals

when uncontrolled cell division causes tumours to grow

Sam: "Vaccines contain drugs that stop a person becoming unwell."

Lucas: "Vaccines are always given as an injection."

The Oak pupils are discussing vaccination. Who is correct?

Starter Quiz

Which of the following are white blood cells?