Boiling occurs when a substance in the liquid state is heated and changes to the gas state with gas bubbles formed.

Condensation is the process by which a substance in the gas state is cooled and changes to a liquid state.

Distillation is a separation technique that uses boiling and condensation to remove and isolate a liquid component of a mixture.

A condenser is a piece of apparatus composed of a tube surrounded by a cold layer, usually cold water.

A distillate is the condensed component that has been isolated during distillation.

Distillation: simple distillation

Chemistry

Separating mixtures (including formulations)

Solutions

Filtration

Crystallisation

Chromatography: paper

Interpreting chromatograms

Chromatography: separating a mixture of inks

Comparing types of chromatography: including gas chromatography

Distillation: separating a mixture of inks

Distillation: fractional distillation

Potable water

In the Making Salts unit, pupils will build on their understanding of separation techniques to learn about the process of making salts and writing balanced chemical equations.

In the Separation Techniques unit, pupils learned about various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

This unit explores purification techniques, including filtration, crystallisation, and distillation. It explains formulations, uses chromatographic methods to identify pure and impure substances, and interprets chromatograms with Rf values. The emphasis is on accurate measurements.

Separating substances

to separate substances based on boiling points

to increase the boiling point of a liquid

What is the purpose of simple distillation?

True or false? The condenser in a distillation setup is used to heat the mixture.

What state is the distillate in when collected?

after the substance with a higher boiling point

before the substance with a higher boiling point

at the same time as the substance with a higher boiling point

During distillation, when does a substance with a lower boiling point boil?

True or false? Simple distillation is best used for separating mixtures with significantly different boiling points.

Distillation separates a soluble substance from its solvent based on differences in {{}}.

Which of the following processes describes when a substance in the liquid state turns into the gas state?

Which property of matter does **not** change when a substance changes state?

What laboratory equipment is used to measure the volume of liquids accurately?

True or false? The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it becomes a gas.

Sort the following substances from the one which will boil first to the substance which will boil last when heated.

where a liquid turns into a gas at the substance's surface

where a liquid turns into a gas at a specific temperature

Match up the processes below to their descriptions.

Distillation: simple distillation

Lesson outcome