is made up of two different elements, one of which is a metal and the other a non-metal element.

show the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

can be used to determine the size of one quantity in relation to another.

is used to show how chemical bonds are formed between atoms. The electrons from one atom are shown as dots and the electrons from the other atom are shown as crosses.

is the size of a quantity, for example the size of the charge on the ion.

Ionic diagrams for binary ionic substances

Chemistry

Why chemical reactions occur

Metallic structure and properties

Metal alloys

Alloys and their properties

Forming ions for ionic bonding (RAM 1 d.p.)

Giant ionic structures

Determining ionic formulae

Properties of giant ionic structures

Forming covalent bonds

Properties of covalent substances

Bonding models

In the Chemistry of Carbon unit, pupils will build on their understanding of chemical bonding to explore the unique properties and bonding of carbon, leading to various natural and synthetic organic compounds.

In the Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table unit, pupils learned about the model of the atom, isotopes, and the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.

This unit explores changes of state, particle kinetics, and energy transfers in relation to chemical bonding, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. It examines carbon's unique bonding properties, leading to organic compounds and materials like diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and graphene.

Structure and bonding

Made of two different elements, one a metal and one a non-metal.

Used to show how chemical bonds are formed between atoms.

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Match the following terms to the correct definition.

Aluminium atoms {{}} three electrons to form aluminium ions.

Which of the following are binary ionic substances?

The chlorine atom gained an electron to form an ion.

The sodium atom donated two electrons to the chloride ion.

Both ions have a full outer shell of electrons.

The ratio of sodium to chloride ions in the substance is 2 : 1.

This is a dot and cross diagram showing the bonding between sodium and chlorine. Which of the following statements about the image are correct.

The ratio of aluminium ions to oxygen ions is 2 : 3.

The ratio of aluminium ions to oxygen ions is 3 : 2.

The overall charge on aluminium oxide is neutral.

The formula for aluminium oxide is Al₂O₃. Which statements are correct?

Lithium ions, Li⁺ and oxygen ions, O²⁻, form lithium oxide. What is the empirical formula for lithium oxide?

Magnesium atoms have two electrons in their outer shell.

Magnesium ions are more stable than magnesium atoms.

Magnesium ions have two electrons in their outer shell.

Magnesium atoms can be represented by the symbol Mg²⁺.

Magnesium is in Group 2 of the periodic table. Which of the following statements about magnesium ions are correct?

Oxygen is a non-metal. What name is given to the type of ions that oxygen forms?

Which of the following symbols represents a sodium ion?

True or false? Bromine atoms form stable Br⁻ ions.

Neon atoms do not need to lose or gain electrons to fill their outer shell.

Neon atoms contain 0 electrons in their outer shell.

Neon atoms have a full outer shell of electrons.

Neon is found in Group 0 of the periodic table. Why is neon unreactive?

The atoms of the element have 2 electrons in the outer shell.

The element forms ions with a charge of 2+.

The atoms of the element have 3 shells of electrons.

The element forms ions with a charge of 2-.

An element has atoms containing 20 electrons. Which of the following statements about the element are true?

Ionic diagrams for binary ionic substances

Lesson outcome