An insoluble solid formed when two solutions react together.

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Chemical tests: aqueous ions (including zinc)

Chemistry

Instrumental analysis and flame tests: red for lithium

Identifying unknown substances (including zinc)

Ionic equations: aqueous ion tests

Mass spectrometry

In the Groups of the Periodic Table unit, pupils learned about the properties and reactivity of elements in the same group.

This unit covers tests to identify aqueous cations and anions, including flame tests for metal ions like lithium, sodium, and copper. It explains the benefits of instrumental analysis, such as sensitivity and accuracy, and focuses on interpreting results from charts, tables, and spectroscopy data.

Chemical analysis

Physical activity and equipment requiring safe use

What colour precipitate does copper(II) form with sodium hydroxide?

Which gas is released when ammonium ions are heated with sodium hydroxide?

What colour does damp red litmus paper turn in the presence of ammonia gas?

What colour precipitate is formed when silver nitrate is added to a solution containing chloride ions?

to remove any carbonates that might interfere with the test

Why is dilute nitric acid added before testing for halides?

What precipitate is formed when barium chloride is added to an acidified solution containing sulfate ions?

Which particle does an atom lose or gain one or more of to form an ion?

Which of the following is a common laboratory acid?

Which of the following are basic laboratory techniques?

knowing how to write and balance chemical equations

What does a basic understanding of chemical reactions include?

Chemical tests: aqueous ions (including zinc)

Lesson outcome

Content guidance