Hello, I'm Mrs. Barry, and I'm going to be your citizenship teacher today.

We've got a great lesson on communities to look at together.

Some of this learning might be new to you, but I'm here to help you.

And by the end of the lesson, we'll have achieved our outcome.

So when you're ready, we can make a start.

Today's lesson comes from the unit, How are Community Identities Changing? This lesson is called "How Has Migration Affected Society?" And our outcome for today is to explain the impact migration has had on society.

In today's lesson, there's a range of ground rules that we need to bear in mind.

So let's look through them.

Laura reminds us to, "Listen to others." She says, "It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

When disagreeing, challenge the statement not the person." Andeep says, "Respect privacy.

We can discuss examples, but do not use names or descriptions that identify anyone including ourselves." Jacob reminds us not to judge.

So he says, "No judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged." And lastly, Izzy says, "Choose level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or join discussion.

We never put anyone on the spot.

In today's lesson, there's a range of keywords that we will use.

So let's have a look through them now.

Firstly, migration, which is the movement of people from one place to another.

For example, moving from one country to another.

Immigration, the process of people moving from one country to another to live and work.

Emigration, which is leaving or exiting the country in order to live and settle abroad.

And diversity or diverse, which is when a group has people with different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives.

This can be differences in nationality, ethnicity, culture, religion, language, ability, identity, interests, and skills, and perspectives.

Today's lesson has three parts to it.

We're gonna start with part one, which is about UK migration and what is the national picture.

After that, we'll be looking at how is migration managed in the UK and what impact has migration had on the UK.

The national picture of migration across the UK is shaped by both internal migration and international migration.

Internal migration is when people move within the UK.

And international migration is when people move into or outta the UK from other countries.

And migration is measured in different ways.

Migration in the UK is measured in four key ways, shaping the national picture.

Firstly, long-term migration.

So that's people moving to the UK or leaving it for 12 months or more.

Secondly, immigration, which is the total number of people entering the UK.

Thirdly, emigration which is the total number of people leaving the UK.

And fourthly, net migration, the difference between immigration and emigration.

So let's have a think about that.

Do you think this statement is true or false? Immigration measures the number of people leaving a country.

Okay, so hopefully you've given that a go.

And it's false.

And the reason for that is immigration measures the number of people coming in.

Sounds like im, in.

And then we have emigration measuring the number of people leaving or exiting.

And em kind of sounds a bit like exit.

That's one way to remember it.

We're gonna have a look at this graph, and this graph shows government estimates of international migration.

What I'd like you to do is to think about national picture of migration across the UK and what this image might show.

So on this slide, we've got a zoomed-in version.

Have a quick look.

What do you think it's showing us? Okay, so let's have a look at some of the key things you might have thought of from this graph.

This graph showed us that migration is on the rise in the UK.

Net migration is going up as there has been a decrease in those emigrating or exiting the UK, and an increase of people immigrating or entering the UK.

Changes in migration are influenced by various factors including economic conditions, global events, and policy decisions.

Migration is shaped by push factors, which are reasons to leave a country, and pull factors, reasons to move to another country.

The UK's opportunities can make it an attractive destination for many.

So Sofia asked Aisha, "What do you think the UK has to offer?" And Aisha's response is this.

"The UK is a safe country with a clear system of democracy and justice.

It also has a really good education system." So within that, she's identified three different pull factors, which means people might want to come to the UK.

A range of pull factors attract people to the UK, including these: a strong job market, the UK's protection of human rights, access to free healthcare and education, a moderate climate with limited natural disasters, and a robust legal system, and a multicultural or diverse society.

So let's check what we've learned there.

Which of these are reasons why people migrate to the UK? So you've got four options: A, it has a strong job market, B, it has a robust legal system, C, it is a place of conflict, or, D, human rights are protected.

I'll give you a moment just to have a think.

Okay, so there are three reasons why people might migrate to the UK on this list.

So you could have had, it has a strong job market, it has a robust legal system, and human rights are protected.

So let's practise what we've learned in this first section.

So consider the statement Sofia has made about the national picture of migration across the UK.

I'd like you to assess how accurate her statement is.

So Sofia says, "Net migration figures suggest migration has always gone up because people keep coming to the UK." So pause this and consider that statement about the national picture of migration, and write down how accurate you think her statement is and why that is.

When you've given that a go, come back, and we can have a look together at what you might have put.

Well done for giving that a go.

So I asked you to consider the statements Sofia made about the national picture of migration across the UK, assessing how accurate her statement was.

And Sofia had said, "Net migration figures suggest migration has always gone up because people keep coming to the UK." Your answer might have included something like this.

Sofia's statement is not very accurate.

She is right that people do come to the UK, as it has many pull factors encouraging people to do this.

However, people also emigrate from the UK.

It is both immigration, and immigration that impacts net migration figures.

So well done, if you've got an answer that sounds similar to that.

So onto part two of our lesson, which is going to look at how is migration managed in the UK.

The UK government and the Home Office are responsible for managing migration in the UK.

They do this to ensure the right number of people with the necessary skills, prevent services from being overwhelmed, and make sure rules are fair and safe for all.

The Home Office is part of the UK government responsible for immigration.

It decides who can move to the UK, supports people in gaining British citizenship and ensures border security.

Migration to the UK is managed through a combination of visa systems, immigration enforcement, and support services.

The UK uses a points-based system for work visas and has specific rules for students, refugees, and family members.

The system aims to regulate migration.

So let's have a look at this question.

Which of these are ways in which migration is managed in the UK? Is it A, visas, B, examinations at the airport, or, C, immigration enforcement? Okay, so the answers here are A, visas, and C, immigration enforcement are ways in which migration is managed in the UK.

People who want to come to the UK usually need a visa, and there are different types of visas, for example, work, for example, if someone wants to hire someone, study, such as for when they're going to university, family, for example, joining a partner or a parent, or asylum.

And Alex here explains that to us.

So, "An asylum seeker is someone who has left their home country and is now living in a different country, asking for protection so they don't have to return to their home country.

The UK uses a points-based system when assessing whether someone should be able to migrate here and receive a visa.

You get points for different categories, such as speaking English or your level of education.

The table on the next slide shows how the government awarded points as of 2022.

For a skilled worker visa or a student visa, you need 70 points.

So we can see here some of the characteristics that you might be looking for.

And that includes offer of job by approved sponsor, job at appropriate skill level, speaking English at required level, certain types of salaries, jobs that are in shortage, and education qualifications such as a PhD, known as a doctorate in a subject relevant to the job.

Some of these are mandatory, which means they have to have them, and some of them are tradable, which means you can kind of pick and choose, which ones support what you're going to do, remembering that you need 70 points for a skilled worker or a student visa.

So some of these are worth more points.

So we can see some here are worth 20 and some are worth less, such as some of those there being worth 10 points When people arrive at the airport, for example, Border Force offices check their passports and visas.

They make sure that people have permission to enter.

There are lots of laws and rules about how long someone can stay, what they can do while they're here, like working or studying, and whether they can stay permanently or not.

Let's check what we've learned so far, and we're gonna fill in the blanks.

The system used in the UK to manage migration in the UK is what? This is used to decide if someone should receive a what? And a skilled worker requires at least how many points to gain a visa and migrate to the UK? So I'll just give you a moment to have a think about what might fill in those blanks.

Okay, so well done for giving that a go.

And let's do this together.

So the system used in the UK to manage migration in the UK is points based.

This is used to decide if someone should receive a visa.

And a skilled worker requires at least 70 points to gain a visa and migrate to the UK.

So let's practise what we've learned here.

There are a range of ways migration is managed in the UK, as we've looked at so far in this lesson.

I'd like you to create a mind map, which identifies the different parts of the system which manages migration in the UK.

You should layer your mind map, starting first with the method used to manage migration and then adding in how this method works.

You should start with "How is migration managed?" in the centre.

So pause this video and outline this mind map with "How is migration managed?" in the centre.

Come up with as many ways, as well explained as you can, of how migration is managed.

And when you're ready, you can come back, and we can have a look together at how that might have been done.

So while done for giving that a go, and I asked you to create a mind map which identifies the different parts of the system, which manages migration in the UK.

And your mind might look something like this.

So in the centre there we've got how is migration managed? And then we move across to visas.

And to explain that that is given to people who have permission to migrate to the UK.

Above the centre we've got "immigration enforcement" and the explanation of that is it's the specific part of the Home Office responsible for managing migration.

Towards the bottom left, we've got "point-based system," and that's a method of evaluating how someone might contribute to the UK through work or skills.

And on the bottom right we've got the "Home Office," which is the government organisation responsible for managing migration.

So once again, well done for giving that a go.

So the third and last part of this lesson asks what impact has migration had on the UK? So what benefits has migration brought to the UK? I wonder if you can think of any.

So the benefits that you might have thought of or that are included are helps fill job gaps, brings new skills and ideas, cultural diversity, supports education sector, and boosts the economy.

Migration has also brought a mix of cultures, traditions, experiences to the UK.

One way we see this is through festivals, food, music, and shared celebrations.

One example is Notting Hill Carnival in London, which is held annually.

That's every year.

Notting Hill Carnival has grown into one of Europe's largest street festivals.

It celebrates freedom, unity, and Black culture.

Notting Hill Carnival represents diversity because it brings people of all backgrounds together to celebrate Caribbean culture, while also showing how different cultures can share music, food, dance, and traditions in one United event.

Notting Hill Carnival began in the 1960s as a way for Caribbean people in London to celebrate their culture, especially after facing racism and unfair treatment.

It started as a small community event to bring people together with music, dancing and Caribbean food as a way to feel proud of who they were and where they came from.

Can you think of other ways migration has influenced the UK, such as food, music, language, or public events? Now, you might have thought of some more local examples, but Notting Hill is a really good example that we use to understand how migration has influenced the UK.

So let's check our understanding here.

Which of these describe what Notting Hill Carnival represents? Is it, A, being able to celebrate in the streets, B, bringing people together to celebrate cultural diversity, or, C, how different cultures can come together.

So there's two possible answers here.

And bringing people together to celebrate cultural diversity and how different cultures can come together describe what Notting Hill Carnival represents.

Migration has brought many benefits to the UK, including economic growth, cultural diversity, and a strengthened workforce.

However, it also presents challenges.

Challenges might include these.

So pressure on public services, an increase in population can lead to higher demand for services like healthcare and education.

Housing: more people moving into an area can increase demand for housing, especially in cities.

And integration: settling into a new community can take time for migrants and for communities to adapt to change.

To consider the impact of migration on the UK, a deliberative discussion can be held.

During a deliberative discussion, we take time to consider different viewpoints and weigh all the relevant information.

So firstly, we consider the rationale, and that's a short statement to summarise the overall argument.

Secondly, we use examples, a statistic case study or story that supports your argument, your rationale.

Thirdly, we analyse, and that's an explanation of your viewpoint to make it really clear.

And lastly, we link it, and we link it back to the rationale with some closing words.

You're preparing to have a deliberative discussion based on the following question: what impact has migration had on the UK? Consider the arguments you might use to suggest that migration has had a positive impact on the UK.

Then, think about the challenges that migration may have brought.

So before we do that, I wonder if you can answer this.

Migration has only been negative for the UK.

Is this true or false? So this is false, and the reason for that is is it widely accepted that there has also been positive effects of migration to the UK.

So let's practise what we've learned, and we're going to put into practise that deliberative discussion.

So I'd like you to prepare for each element of a deliberative discussion on the question: what impact has migration had on the UK? And you can bear in mind that true and false question that we just did 'cause there are two sides to this argument.

So firstly, you need to put your rationale together, and that's your short statement to summarise your overall argument to that question.

Secondly, you need to give examples, and that could be a statistic, case study, or story that supports your argument.

Then you need to analyse it, and that means to explain your viewpoint to make it really clear.

And then lastly, link it back to your rationale with some closing words.

So, pause the video, give that a go, and when you're done we can have a look together at what that might have come out like.

Well done for putting that together.

And I asked you to prepare for each element of a deliberative discussion on the question: what impact has migration had on the UK? You may have covered some of the following during your preparation.

So your rationale might have had something like this.

Migration has had both positive and negative impacts on the UK.

On the one hand, it brings diversity and contributes to economic growth.

On the other hand, it can place pressure on public services like healthcare and education.

Your example might have included this.

Migration has made UK society more diverse, as seen in events like Notting Hill Carnival, which celebrates Caribbean culture.

However, migration can also lead to challenges, such as increased demand for housing in certain areas, which can affect availability and affordability.

You might have gone on to discuss the following.

Your analysis could have said migration is carefully managed by agencies such as the Home Office, which oversees immigration policies and Border Force offices who check migrants at the UK's borders.

The Home Office ensures migrants meet the criteria for entry, such as being skilled workers or asylum seekers in need of protection, helping to manage the impact on public services and the economy.

And your link might have said something like this.

In conclusion, while migration can bring both benefits and challenges, the process is carefully managed to balance its effects on society.

So in today's lesson, we have learned that migration to and within the UK is influenced by global and local factors, are measured through immigration, emigration, long-term migration, and net migration.

A range of pull factors, including jobs, healthcare, and human rights, make the UK an appealing destination.

Migration to the UK is managed by the Home Office through a points-based system.

Visas and immigration enforcement.

Border Force checks entry and ensures rules are followed.

Migration to the UK brings both positive impacts, like cultural diversity and economic growth, and challenges such as pressure on services and housing.

It is carefully managed by agencies, like the Home Office and Border Force.