Hello, I'm Mrs. Barry, and I'll be your citizenship teacher today.

We've got a really interesting lesson about communities to look at together, and I can't wait to get started.

Some of this learning might be new to you, but that's okay because I'm here to work with you.

And by the end of the lesson, we'll have achieved our outcome.

So when you're ready, let's make a start.

Today's lesson comes from the unit, How are Community Identities Changing? This lesson is called Why Might People Migrate to the UK? Our outcome for today is to explain why people migrate to the UK, including who the Windrush generation are, how refugees and asylum seekers are legally defined, and the challenges some migrants face in society.

Laura reminds us to listen to others.

She says, "It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

When disagreeing, challenge the statement, not the person." Andeep tells us to respect privacy.

We can discuss examples, but do not use names or descriptions that identify anyone including ourselves.

Izzy says, "Choose level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose not to answer a question or join discussion.

We never put anyone on the spot." And Jacob says, "No judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged." During today's lesson, we're going to be looking at a range of keywords, so let's look at them together now.

Firstly, migration.

That's the movement of people from one place to another.

For example, moving from one country to another.

Secondly, refugee, a person who has been forced to leave their country due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted.

An asylum seeker who is someone who has left their home country and is now living in a different country, seeking protection so they don't have to return to their home country.

Our lesson has three parts to it.

Who are the Windrush generation? What is meant by the term refugee, and what is meant by the term asylum seeker? So let's get started with this first aim.

Who are the Windrush generation? One reason why a person might move to the UK is because of job opportunities.

After World War II, the UK faced a shortage of workers.

As a result, the UK government encouraged migration from parts of the Caribbean to help me build the country.

The name Windrush comes from the ship HMT Empire Windrush, which brought one of the first large groups of people from the Caribbean to the UK in 1948.

Parts of the Caribbean were and still are part of the Commonwealth.

Sam tells us what the Commonwealth is here.

So the Commonwealth is an international voluntary association between the UK and many countries, which were previously part of the British Empire.

They support each other and promote values like peace and democracy.

Those who arrived had the right to permanently live and work in the UK.

These individuals and their families became known as the Windrush generation, and they played a vital role in rebuilding post-war Britain and shaping its communities.

The people who arrived on the Empire Windrush ship were the first large group of Caribbean migrants to settle in the UK.

They were invited to help with jobs and industries like the National Health Service and Transportation.

Over the years, many more people from the Caribbean and other parts of the Commonwealth moved to the UK to meet ongoing workforce needs.

Their work and communities have played a role in shaping UK communities.

Let's see what we've understood so far.

Why were people encouraged to come to the UK from the Commonwealth? Was it A, to increase the population; B, to fill vacancies within the UK workforce; or C, they weren't encouraged to come? So the answer here is B, people were encouraged to come to the UK from the Commonwealth to fill vacancies within the UK workforce.

The people who migrated to the UK during this time had legal rights and protections.

For example, the 1948 British Nationality Act gave people from former British colonies the right to live and work in the UK.

Later, the 1971 Immigration Act confirmed that people from commonwealth countries who were already living in the UK had the permanent right to stay.

This is called indefinite leave to remain.

This included the Windrush generation, as well as others from across the commonwealth.

Many had lived and worked in the UK for decades and were an important part of UK society.

The Windrush generation faced challenges.

Even though they had been invited to the UK, they often faced discrimination.

Some people also found it difficult to prove they had the legal right to live in the UK even after many years.

Here's Lucille.

She said, "I came to Britain with hope.

After the Second World War, they needed help to rebuild and I wanted a better future for my family.

We were invited, so I came to do my part.

It was not easy.

Some people treated us unfairly even though we came to help.

Finding work and somewhere to live with a struggle, and there were times when we felt unwelcome." In 2012, the UK government introduced stricter immigration rules.

Some people from Windrush generation did not have official documents to prove their right to live in the UK even though they had lived here for decades.

Because of this, the government wrongly treated them as if they were in the country illegally.

Some were fired from their jobs, lost their homes, and were denied healthcare.

Some were wrongly sent back to countries they had not lived in since they were children.

In 2018, it emerged the UK government had not properly recorded the details of many people who had been given permission to live in the UK.

Because of this failure, some people were wrongfully detained, denied their legal rights, or threatened with deportation even though they had lived in the UK for most of their lives.

This became known as the Windrush scandal.

It had a huge impact on individuals, families, and communities.

The government later apologised.

I wonder if you caught the date of this.

What year did the Windrush scandal become apparent? Was it A, 1945; B, 1998; or C, 2018? So the Windrush scandal became apparent in 2018.

Well done if you got that right.

Let's bring together what we've learned so far.

What I'd like you to do is to explain in your own words, who the Windrush generation are and why there are arrival marks an important point of migration to the UK.

Within your answer, you should use the following terms, HMT Empire Windrush, migration, and Commonwealth.

So pause the video here, give that a go, and when you're done, come back and we can have a look at what you might have put.

Well done for giving that a go.

And what I'd asked you to do is to explain in your own words who the Windrush generation are and why the arrival marked an important point of migration to the UK.

Your answer might have looked like this.

So HMT Empire Windrush was the name of a ship that arrived in Britain from parts of the Caribbean in 1948, bringing people who are invited to help rebuild the country after World War II.

These people were part of the Commonwealth, a group of countries, many of which were formerly part of the British Empire that now work together in partnership.

This was an important moment for migration to the UK and the people who came here are known as the Windrush generation.

Secondly, what I'd like you to do is explain in your own words what the Windrush scandal was.

And within this answer, you should refer to the following.

The 1948 British Nationality Act, the 1971 Immigration Act, 2012 change of immigration laws, and 2018 reveal of government mishandling.

So again, pause the video, give this a good go, and when you come back, we can have a look at what you might have done.

Again, well done for giving that one ago.

And what I had asked you to do is to explain in your own words what the Windrush scandal was.

And your answer may have included the following.

The 1948 British Nationality Act gave people from British colonies the right to live and work in the UK.

Later, the 1971 Immigration Act confirmed that people from Commonwealth countries who were already living in the UK had the right to stay.

Despite this and the fact that they were asked to come, many members of the Windrush generation faced unfair treatment in Britain.

Furthermore, following the UK government's change of immigration laws in 2012, some of the Windrush generation were wrongly told they did not have the right to stay even though they had lived in the UK for decades.

In 2018, it emerged that government had not properly recorded the details of many people who had been given permission to live in the UK.

This became known as the Windrush scandal and the government later apologised.

Well done if your answer read something like that.

We're on to part two of our lesson.

Will asks, "What is spent by the term refugee?" In mid 2024, it was estimated that there were 122.

6 million people forcibly displaced around the world.

68.

3 million were internally displaced, 8 million were asylum seekers, 37.

9 million were refugees, 47 million were children, and 5.

8 million were classified as other people in need of international protection.

Of the 37.

9 million people who were classified as refugees, 71% were hosted in low or middle income countries and 69% were seeking protection in countries, which neighbored their country of origin.

A refugee is someone who has been forced to leave their home country because of war, violence, fear of persecution, or threats to safety.

They leave in search of safety and protection in another country.

Once a refugee arrives in a safe country, they will look to be granted the legal right to remain there.

And this is known as refugee status.

Is this statement true or false? Refugee refugees often leave their home countries because it is too dangerous to stay, not because they simply want to move.

That statement is true.

A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted.

Refugees flee due to danger, not by choice.

Sometimes the UK helps refugees to come here safely through special programmes.

For example, some people may be allowed to come if they have close family members already living in the UK.

The United Nations identifies people who urgently need protection and the UK agrees to resettle some of them.

And there are also specific schemes for certain countries.

For example, people from Ukraine may receive help because of the current war going on there or because of their work with the UK in the past.

The UN is an international organisation comprising of most countries in the world.

It works to promote peace, security, and international cooperation and to help people in need such as during wars.

The UN has a special group called the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Their job is to protect refugees who have had to flee their countries, make sure they are treated fairly and safely, help them find a new place to live, like helping them move to a safe country such as the UK, and give food, shelter, and support in refugee camps.

Myra here tells us a little bit about being a refugee.

She says, "Being a refugee means I had to leave my home because it was not safe anymore.

There were bombs and fighting and my family and I had to run away to stay safe.

We did not want to leave, but we had no choice.

Now we live in another country and we are trying to start over." Wonder if you remember this one.

Ask, what does the UNHCR stand for? Is it A, the United Nations High Court for Refugees; B, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; or C, United Nations High Court for Refuge? So the UNHCR stands for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Well done if you remembered that.

Let's check what we've understood in this part.

So there are often misconceptions related to the term refugee.

What I'd like you to do is to consider what this person says about refugee.

Is their summary correct? And if it is, explain why.

And if it isn't, explain why not.

A refugee is someone who leaves their country because they want to find a better job or make more money in a different place.

There is no support for them as they do not need it.

Pause the video, have a think, and then explain if their summary is correct or not.

Well done for giving that a go.

And just to remind you, the task was to consider what this person says about refugee and whether their summary was correct or not.

And what you might have done is written something like this.

This person is correct to say that a refugee leaves their country.

However, refugees are forced to flee their country because of war, violence, persecution, or danger, not because they want to find a better job.

The UK supports some refugees to come here safely through special programmes such as the one for refugees affected by the conflict in Ukraine.

The United Nations also provides support through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

The UNHCR's job is to protect refugees who have had to flee their countries.

Well done if your answer is something like that.

We're onto the final part of our lesson today and it says, "What is meant by the term asylum seeker?" Before someone is granted refugee status, they are called an asylum seeker.

An asylum seeker is someone who has fled their home country and is seeking safety or protection in another country.

They have left because they're afraid for their safety due to things like war, persecution, or threats to their life.

The safe place they're asking to stay is called asylum.

They apply to the government of the country they have fled to, seeking permission to stay there because they're unable to return home.

Here we can hear what Hugo has to say about being an asylum seeker.

He says, "I didn't come to this country for fun.

I came because I had no choice.

I'm asking for safety and protection.

This is called seeking asylum.

While I wait for a decision, I don't know what will happen.

I might be allowed to stay or I might have to go back.

I'm hoping for safety, kindness, and the chance to have a normal life again." So let's think about Hugo's journey.

Hugo has fled Ukraine due to war.

This means he's a refugee.

Arrives in Poland and says he's seeking asylum, which makes him an asylum seeker.

Once his asylum claim is processed, a decision will be made about whether he is given permission to stay and refugee status may be granted.

Not all asylum seekers will be granted refugee status.

So is this true or false? Refugee status is the same as being an asylum seeker.

That's false.

And the reason for that is an asylum seeker is someone who is formally seeking protection in another country because it is not safe for them to stay in their home country.

Refugee status is a legal status that may or may not be granted once an asylum claim is processed.

Asylum seekers are sometimes called irregular migrants.

Andeep tells us the migration observatory uses the terms regular and irregular migrant to describe different ways people migrate based on legal or administrative processes.

Irregular migration means entering a country without prior permission.

For example, without a visa or by crossing a border unofficially.

Asylum seekers may do this because they're in immediate danger and cannot wait for long legal processes.

Even if they arrive irregularly, international law says they still have the right to ask for asylum and must not be punished just for how they arrived.

Asylum seekers can go to many different countries.

Some travel on their own to find safety while others are helped through official resettlement programmes run by governments or the United Nations.

For example, this happened during the Syrian refugee crisis and the Afghanistan evacuation when some people are brought to safer countries through organised support.

Sometimes quota systems are used to share responsibility by distributing asylum seekers across different countries or regions.

Have a look at these terms. What I'd like you to do is match the word to its description.

So we have A, irregular migrant; B, asylum seeker; and C, refugee.

To match with one, a person seeking a place of retreat and security, a safe place.

Two, a person who has been forced to leave their country.

Or three, a person who has moved from one country to another to live without official documentation.

So give that a go.

Okay, let's have a look.

So in irregular migrant is a person who has moved from one country to another to live without official documentation.

An asylum seeker is a person seeking a place of retreat and security or a safe place.

And a refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country.

Well done if you've got all of those right.

Let's practise what we've learned.

So there are often misconceptions related to the term asylum seeker.

I'd like you to consider what this person says about asylum seeker is their summary correct? If you think it is correct, explain why.

And if you think it isn't correct, explain why not.

So this person says, "An asylum seeker is someone who moves to another country 'cause they just want to live somewhere nicer and access better opportunities." Pause the video, give it a go, and when you're finished, you can come back and we can have a look at what you might have written together.

Well done for giving that a go.

And I'll just remind you, what I'd asked you to do is to consider what this person says about asylum seeker.

Did you think their summary was correct? So what you might have said was this person is correct in saying that an asylum seeker moves from one country to another.

However, an asylum seeker is someone who has fled their home country due to serious danger and is seeking protection in another country.

They're not simply moving to find a better life.

An asylum seeker is seeking legal protection because it is unsafe for them to return home.

Once they have made a formal application and this has been processed, they may be granted refugee status.

Well done if your answer is something like that.

During today's lesson, we've looked at lots of different parts of why might people migrate to the UK.

So people migrate for many reasons.

For example, the Windrush generation was invited to the UK in 1948 to help rebuild after World War II.

Laws such as the 1971 Immigration Act gave the legal right to live and work in the UK.

However many faced discrimination and decades later, some were wrongfully treated as illegal immigrants in the Windrush scandal.

A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country due to a well-founded fear of persecution.

Asylum seekers are people who flee their home countries due to danger and seek protection in another country.

They apply for legal protection and once their claim is processed, they might maybe granted refugee status.

The UK and international organisations like the UN provide support to protect and resettle asylum seekers and refugees.

So well done for working through today's lesson.

I've really enjoyed doing that with you and I look forward to seeing you for another citizenship lesson soon.