Lesson video

Hello, my Name is Mrs. Harris and I'm the person who's going to be guiding you through today's lesson.

The lesson today is called What are the Benefits and Drawbacks of Controlling Immigration? And it's part of a larger series of lessons called Why do People Move Around the World? By the end of today's lesson, you are going to be able to say, "I can explain what immigration control means, why countries do it, and the different effects it can have." Some of this learning might be new to you and some of it you might find a little bit challenging.

I'm gonna guide us both all the way through it and we'll tackle it together.

Now, before we start the content on today's lesson, it's really important to set some ground rules, and that's because some of the content that we talk about today might be sensitive or it might have some personal meaning to some people who are going to be learning it along with us.

So let's set these ground rules first of all.

So the first thing to do is, as Laura says, is to "Listen to others.

It's okay to disagree with each other, but we should listen properly before making assumptions or deciding how to respond.

When disagreeing, challenge the statement, not the person." Andeep says, "Respect privacy.

We can discuss examples, but do not use names or descriptions that identify anyone, including ourselves." Izzy says, "Choose your level of participation.

Everyone has the right to choose to not answer a question or join a discussion.

We never put anybody on the spot." And finally, Jacob says, "No judgement.

We can explore beliefs and misunderstandings about a topic without fear of being judged." Thank you.

Let's start with some keywords for this lesson then.

So I'm going to say the keyword.

You can repeat it back out loud and then I will tell you the definition.

Immigration: that's the process of people moving from one country to another to live and work.

Emigration: that is leaving or exiting a country in order to live or settle abroad.

It's time for our first learning cycle called How is immigration controlled in the UK? Migration is when people move between places and across borders.

Now, people have moved around the world for many, many different reasons, for including things like economic reasons, so financial reasons.

It could be lifestyle reasons, so wanting to have a better quality of life, having more chances to explore other opportunities in life.

It could be for retirement reasons when people have finished their working life and want to retire to a place that's different from the place they've lived in for most of their life.

It could be for educational reasons, it could be to be closer to family and friends or away from family and friends.

It could be for war or conflict reasons, to find safety.

It could be because of natural disasters, for example, tornadoes or tsunamis or earthquakes.

It could be because of climate change and the effects that that's having on the place that a person lives.

It could be because of violence and it could be because of persecution, so being treated badly for beliefs or who you are.

But for all of these reasons, and it has been like this for decades and decades, for most people who will migrate, the goal for those people is generally to find a more positive, a more stable or a more hopeful life and lifestyle.

So immigration is when people move to a country to live there, and emigration is the opposite of that.

That's when people move out of a country to live or to settle somewhere else.

So immigration is in and emigration is out.

Now when a person migrates, that means they are simultaneously both an immigrant to one country and an emigrant from the other.

So for example, if a person moves from the United Kingdom to New Zealand, they're an immigrant to New Zealand because they're moving into New Zealand and they're also an emigrant from the UK, So moving out of the UK.

So these terms just basically describe the same move but just from different perspectives, depending which country you are in.

So if they're moving into that country or out of that country.

Now, in the year ending December, 2024, immigration to the UK was just under 950,000 people.

So 948,000 people moved to the UK.

Emigration from the UK was over half a million.

So 517,000 people approximately left the UK over that same period.

So if we do our net migration, so that's the people immigrating minus the people who are emigrating, the figure for the UK was around about 431,000 more people living in the UK.

But not everybody who wants to move to the UK or indeed any country is allowed to do so.

There are very specific rules that decide who is eligible to immigrate, and that is what we call immigration control.

It's time for our first check for understanding.

So which of the following best explains the difference between immigration and emigration? So A: Immigration is when someone leaves a country; emigration is when they enter a new one.

B: Immigration is when someone moves within their own country; emigration is when they move abroad.

C: Immigration is moving into a country to live there and emigration is moving out of a country to live somewhere else.

Finally, D: Immigration and emigration mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably.

So which of these is correct? I'll give you a few seconds to think about it.

Okay, so which of the following best explains the difference between immigration and emigration? It is C, immigration is moving in, imm-igration and emigration is moving out to live somewhere else.

Well done if you got that one.

So immigration control is talking about the ways that countries manage and limit who is allowed to enter that country, who is allowed to stay there and who is allowed to settle there.

So that includes looking at things like border checks, so checking people before they enter the country at the borders.

There's things like visa systems where you have to have permission and fill out forms to enter a country.

There's also rules on asylum, so finding safety and then being able to have citizenship of that country, and also deportation of those who break the rules.

And Sofia here is telling us that deportation means when a person is made to leave a country, and that's usually sending a person back to the country they came from.

But immigration control doesn't mean stopping all immigration.

It's deciding on who can come, when they can come and why they can come.

In the United Kingdom, immigration is controlled by a government department called the Home Office, and then the checks are then carried out by something called the Border Force.

And these departments work very, very closely to make sure that all the different immigration rules are followed.

Governments use the immigration controls with lots of different reasons, and some of the key reasons are things like managing the size of the population.

You've got to make sure that you're gonna have enough people in the population to be able to fill jobs.

Also, not too many that you don't have enough services for them.

So it has to be steady and sustainable.

Part of that is planning for public services, so things like schools, hospitals, and housing.

If you have too many people and not many housing, then you're gonna end up with a housing crisis.

So it's really important to balance the size of the population and the planning for public services to make sure it meets the needs of the people who are living in the country at the time and in the near future.

Another reason is about keeping borders secure and making decisions about who can enter the country and who can stay there.

So not just on a holiday for example, but actually staying and settling and contributing to life.

So for example, if a person has a criminal record in another country, other countries would look very carefully about whether that person is safe to move into that country based on their past, for example.

And so it's really important that governments can control who comes in and why for various reasons.

There's also things about shaping the workforce.

So if you have a shortage of certain workers, you're going to have to encourage people to come from other countries to be able to fill those spaces.

And so some types of workers are really needed and welcomed.

So those with certain skills or certain qualifications.

All around the world though, each country has its own set of immigration rules.

Some of them, however, will be the same as other countries because it'll be influenced by things like international law and different global agreements and things that some have signed to say that they will all abide by.

Okay, true or false then.

So immigration control means stopping all migration into a country.

Is this true or false? Take a few seconds to think.

Alright, immigration control means stopping all migration into a country.

That is false.

Why is it false? Take a few more seconds to think.

Okay, so it's false because immigration control isn't about stopping all migration.

It means managing about who can come into a country, when they can come in, and why they can.

Well done if you got that one.

Now, some groups of people can move to the UK much more easily than others.

So for example, people who have got work visas can move there.

So if they have a job promise in the United Kingdom, then they might be able to move more easily.

Students who've got permission to study at universities or colleges, they can move more easily.

People who are joining close family, so for example, husbands joining their wives or children joining their parents, they might have more chance of coming into the UK more easily, and people from certain countries who have got agreements with the United Kingdom, they might be able to move to the UK more easily too.

There are certain requirements though to be able to move to the United Kingdom, and one of these is being able to have a good understanding of English and also having enough money to be able to support themselves and any dependents.

So for example, maybe their children.

And if people don't meet those rules, then they may be refused entry to the UK.

Now the United Kingdom has signed an international agreement, which is called the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, which basically means that it has to let people apply for safety for asylum if they are fleeing danger.

It means they will not return people to a country where they might face serious harm and they've agreed that they will protect refugees, so people fleeing danger and give them access to housing, education, and healthcare.

Now, the UK also follows something called the European Convention on Human Rights, and that's a really important document which gives people the right to family life.

It protects people's right to be treated fairly and with dignity, and it also helps protect people from torture or other inhumane treatment.

And these international rules, these international agreements mean that even if somebody comes to the UK without a visa, without the right documents, or even without a passport, they still can be protected if they are fleeing serious danger.

In order to help the United Kingdom Government decide who can enter a country, who can stay, who can settle and who can work, they have a series of systems in place to help these decisions get made.

And so these include the UK borders.

So they'll have ID checks or identification checks at borders.

So at things like airports and ports, people have to show their passports or their visas, and then the border staff will then check these identities and documents.

Some people might have to have interviews or show evidence.

So for example, if you are moving to the UK and you have a job in place, somebody might be asked to prove that they have that job offer in place or that they have accommodation in place.

It might also be things like family connections, so proving that their husband or their wife or their children are already over in the UK.

And sometimes people might have interviews to get more information from them.

People will have to have their visa applications before they begin their travel.

So not filling it in once they're in the UK, but doing it beforehand.

So that's giving details like who they are, which country they currently live in, what their job history is, why they want to come, and how long they're planning to stay.

Governments can also set limits on the amounts of people that they want to come into the country, and that can be giving a certain allocation for people who are fleeing danger, so seeking asylum.

There could be a certain amount of people who are allowed in for work reasons, or for students for for education purposes.

So they do that there to sort of keep it steady and keep the population stable.

There might also be restrictions on works or benefits.

So some of the visas that people apply for don't allow people to work and they don't allow people to claim public money, so they can't apply for certain benefits.

Well, that does depend on the type of visa and the person's situation.

And there might also be detentions or removal.

So if somebody does come to the country without permission or if their visa runs out or their asylum claim is refused, then they might be asked to leave.

So they may be deported out of the country.

Some people might get held in immigration detention centres before they're deported as well.

Another check for understanding then.

So complete the sentences using the words below.

So the three words are evidence, interview and visa.

People who want to move to the UK usually need to apply for a mm before travelling.

They may also have to show mm, attend an mm, or prove family or work links.

So can you complete those sentences using those three words? I'll give you a few seconds to think about it.

Okay, let's complete these sentences then.

So people who want to move to the UK usually need to apply for a visa before travelling.

They may also have to show evidence, attend an interview, or prove family or work links.

Well done if you've got those three in the correct places.

Since leaving the European Union, the United Kingdom has introduced what we call a points-based immigration system.

So that means that anybody from any country, whether that's within the European Union or not, they have to kind of score points to be allowed in.

Now, points can be awarded for things like having a job offer in a needed sector.

So if somebody is a qualified engineer and they've got a lot of experience, they will gain points based on that if the United Kingdom needs engineers in the country.

They also get points for earning above a certain salary.

So being able to prove that they can earn enough to live without having to claim any public money, so any public benefits.

For speaking English well, so proving their competence in the English language because that's going to help people work, it's going to help people communicate and therefore settle in.

And also things like having specialist skills or qualifications, again, they'll gain points for doing that if they have those because it's more beneficial to the United Kingdom.

Now there are different types of visas depending why somebody wants to move to the UK.

So for example, you can get a work visa, you can get a study visa, other things as well like moving close to family or for investment purposes.

But some visas come with extra charges.

So not everybody who comes to the United Kingdom gets full NHS use for example.

So some have different limitations and different benefits along with them.

In May of 2025, the UK Government outlined their aims to reduce net migration by up to 100,000 people per year.

So that's to reduce the amount of people moving to the UK.

And they want to do this by making it harder to get a visa.

So they're going to do that by raising skill and salary requirements.

So before, where there was a baseline of a salary, the minimum that somebody had to earn before moving to the UK, that will now raise to make it people have to earn more before they have the right to move here.

And also things like skills and qualifications.

So requiring people to have higher skills or higher qualifications before moving to the United Kingdom.

They also want to make people wait longer, so to now be working and contributing for 10 years before they can settle permanently.

They want to make it so that international students have less time after they finish their studies to stay in the UK.

So they'll have to return to their home country quicker.

They want to do it by making English tests stricter, so having a higher level of the English language.

They also want to check sponsors more carefully.

So for example, if a person has a job offer promised to them and they're using that as evidence why they can move to the United Kingdom, the Government wants to check that sponsor out properly to make sure that it is a genuine job offer and that the salary is going to be as it is, partly to protect the person who would be immigrating, but also to protect the United Kingdom itself.

And also if there are short-term jobs, so two year, three year contracts, only allowing people into do those short-term jobs if they're absolutely needed and they need to bring people in from outside of the United Kingdom.

The overall aims of immigration control is to make migration safer and fairer for everybody; to stop exploitation, so to protect people from scam job offers where they might end up without a job, without an income, and therefore being in danger.

It's also to protect resources and national identity.

So not having too many people that services can cope with, for example; is to help migrants integrate better.

So if they have a higher understanding of English, for example, that will help them integrate and contribute and be a part of society easier.

It also allows support to be planned and targeted.

So for example, those people who are fleeing danger, it allows support to be given to them more genuinely and much more easily.

However, people have got different views about how well immigration control works, and for many, many years there's been arguments for and against, very strong arguments about restricting people's entry to the United Kingdom.

Another check for understanding then.

So this time you're going to match the rule to what it tries to do.

So A: make people take an English test, B: have a minimum salary requirement, and C: check employer visa sponsors more carefully.

And the aims of what these rules try to do.

We've got number one: stop unfair, or fake job offers.

Two: make sure people have enough money to support themselves.

And three: check language and communication skills.

So match the rule to what it's trying to do.

I'll give you a few seconds to think.

Okay, so A: make people take an English test.

The aim of that is to check someone's language and communication skills.

B: have a minimum salary requirement, that's to make sure people have enough money to support themselves.

C: check employer visa sponsors more carefully is to stop unfair or fake job offers.

Well done if you got that one.

And now we're on to Task A.

So the first part of this is to read the situations below and decide whether each person is an immigrant to the UK, an emigrant from the UK or a different type of migrant.

So for example, a refugee or an asylum seeker or somebody who is travelling.

So we have here, Amy leaves France to move to the UK.

Farid is forced to leave Syria due to persecution.

Charlie, a UK citizen, permanently relocates to India for a new job, Ben takes a gap year to tour Australia before he starts university back home in the UK.

So decide if they are an immigrant to the UK, an emigrant from the UK or another type of migrant.

It's a good idea now to pause the video to give yourself the time to do this task.

Then we'll come back and check the answers together.

Okay, let's check these answers then.

So your answers should look like this.

So Amy leaving France to move to the UK, she would be an immigrant to the UK.

Farid leaving Syria due to persecution.

He is another type of migrant because he would be a refugee, an asylum seeker, somebody seeking safety.

Charlie, a UK citizen permanently relocating to India for a new job is an emigrant from the UK.

And Ben taking a gap year to tour Australia before he starts university back home in the UK.

He is another type of migrant because he's travelling and then returning to the UK.

Well done if you've got those ones.

The second part of your task now is to write two short paragraphs about immigration control in the UK.

And these two paragraphs must start with these sentences: The UK controls immigration by.

And then the UK does this because.

And then finishing that off.

Pause the video to give yourself the time to do this and then we'll check some possible responses.

Okay, let's have a look at these two short paragraphs about immigration control.

So the first one: The UK controls immigration by setting rules about who can enter and stay in the country.

This includes using a points-based system for some visas, checking passports and visas at the border, limiting the number of people allowed to migrate and following the rules for refugees and asylum seekers laid out in the 1951 UN Refugee Convention.

And the second paragraph might look like this: The UK does this because it wants to manage the number of people living in the country, protect public services, keep borders secure, and make sure immigration is fair and benefits the economy.

Well done if you've got some of those major points within your responses.

It's time for our second learning cycle called, What are the pros and cons of immigration control? So in our last learning cycle, we looked at how the UK controls immigration by setting rules about who can enter, who can live, who can work, and who can study in the country.

The subject of immigration divides opinion.

So that means not everybody thinks the same about immigration, and this has been the case for many, many years.

Some people feel very strongly that immigration brings great benefits to the country while others worry more about the effects of immigration on the country and the people who already live there.

These views can be all put together and decided because of personal experience, it might be because of politics and sometimes it's what people see in the media and what they're reading about.

The subject of immigration became a huge focus in the United Kingdom during the referendum on leaving the European Union in 2016.

"The EU," as Aisha is telling us here, "is a group of European countries that have joined together to work together on things like certain laws, on trading, travel and other shared goals." And the UK decided in 2016 that it would leave the European Union.

Now at the time before this decision was made, people from EU countries could work and live in any other EU countries without needing a visa.

So without needing specific permission to do so.

Now a lot of people in the UK felt like it made it very hard for the United Kingdom to manage how many people were arriving, especially during the times when immigration was already quite high.

So they were concerned mainly on things like pressure on jobs, pressure on housing and public services as well.

Other people supported the free movement because people could move to the UK without needing a visa.

That meant people in the UK could move to other EU countries without needing a visa, so without needing to apply for all of the permissions.

And so some people believe that free movement was really helpful and that helped the economy.

It helped people move around for different jobs and study, and it brought a lot of diversity and cultural differences within all of the different EU countries.

Since Brexit though, the United Kingdom has moved to a more equal immigration system, applies the same rules to EU countries and non-EU citizens.

Now, Brexit might be a thing you've heard before, and that's the name that is given to the United Kingdom's decision to leave the EU following the referendum in 2016.

The changes to the EU immigration control since Brexit and also the wider topic of immigration from around the world is still a topic that divides opinion even today.

And there are very strong arguments on both sides.

Another check for understanding then.

So here is Izzy and she says, "The UK only controls immigration from countries outside of Europe." Is she correct? And if not, why not? So Izzy is talking about immigration in the UK.

Is she correct? And if not, why not? Take a few seconds to think.

Izzy says, "The UK only controls immigration from countries outside of Europe." Well, no, Izzy is not correct.

So since Brexit in 2016, the UK now applies the same immigration rules to people both in EU countries and European countries.

And same rules for non EU countries as well.

Now, before Brexit, people from EU countries could move to the UK and other EU countries without a visa, but it's now changed and it's the same for everybody.

Well done if you got that one right.

Let's now look at the benefits of controlling immigration.

So what are the positives? What are the pros of that? Well, one of them is for national security.

So immigration and all the controls that it has there can really help identify certain people or groups of people who might pose risks.

So for example, those with serious criminal records, they will be vetted much more carefully to see if what they've done in the past might pose a threat to citizens of the UK or the country itself.

And that's protecting both the citizens and the migrants themselves.

It helps prevent exploitation.

Without the proper checks, people could be trafficked, that means moved along from other countries and forced to work in very unsafe conditions, maybe for extremely low wages or often no wages at all and very unsafe conditions.

So by having the different immigration controls and these checks that are in place, it's hoping that the legal routes for people to migrate will make them more safe, it will reduce the risk of people being trafficked, and ensure that people have the right to live safely in a new country.

It also helps support services.

So by limiting migration numbers, it means that the government can plan budgets and it can make sure that they have the services in place for the amount of people who are in the country.

So making sure that the NHS can cope with the amount of people needing healthcare, to make sure that the education system has enough schools in place for the amount of children, and things like housing to making sure that they're not gonna be overwhelmed with the amount of citizens in the country at a certain time.

It also helps support those who need it.

So controlling immigration can mean that those who genuinely do need help, so those who are the most vulnerable who are moving to the United Kingdom, can get that targeted health and that targeted support.

So for example, refugees who are fleeing danger, if we know how many are coming to the country, then we can target that support of them to make sure that they have the very best chances of settling into the UK and being able to contribute here.

It also helps ensure fairness.

So having rules that every single person has to meet, make sure that everybody is following the same process and that helps immigration be more planned and much more manageable because everyone is following the same rules.

It can also help address skills shortages.

So bringing people with skills that the country really needs, maybe doctors or researchers or engineers that will help the UK grow, it will help the economy grow and it will help mean that services can be continued to be provided to people, which ultimately helps the citizens.

So if you have a shortage of doctors, by bringing in doctors or allowing doctors from another country to come to the UK, that means that our services can be better for the UK citizens and other people who will move here as well.

Another check for understanding then.

So what is one benefit of controlling immigration? We have A: it stops all migration into the UK.

B: it ensures that only people from rich countries can apply.

C: it helps prevent exploitation and trafficking, and D: it makes everyone leave after five years.

So what is a benefit of controlling immigration? Take a few seconds to think.

Okay, so a benefit of controlling immigration is that it helps prevent exploitation and trafficking.

So having employers being checked out, checking that people definitely have those job offers in place and that things are safe for them to come, can stop people being exploited and put into dangerous situations when they arrive in the UK.

Well done if you got that.

Let's now look at some of the drawbacks of controlling immigration.

So what are the negatives about controlling who can come into the UK? Well, often there can be quite long delays and uncertainty.

So people can wait a very long time for a decision about whether they can move to the UK and then whether they can stay here.

That often means that families get separated.

It can stop people working, people studying, and that can mean that things like stress and anxiety and people's poverty might increase as well while they're waiting for those decisions to be made.

It also has a form of inequality.

So some people, whilst the rules for everybody are the same, it actually ends up with some people being treated differently.

So if people have better skills, they are more likely to be able to move to the UK than somebody who doesn't have those skills.

And some people see that as unfair because actually, whilst the rules are the same for everybody, it doesn't mean that everybody is getting the same chances as others to be able to move.

You might end up actually with a shortage of qualified workers.

So because people have to go through such strict checks, even skilled workers have to go through those checks, it can actually delay people and it might put off people coming to the United Kingdom.

It might also force students to leave the United Kingdom very quickly after they finish their studies, which means that the United Kingdom is actually missing out on the talents of these people because the rules are so strict.

It might end up with a shortage of workers in key sectors as well.

So the United Kingdom relies a lot on migrant workers for things like hospitality, healthcare and farming.

And if those industries can't find enough people, it can cause shortages.

It can increase pressure on different businesses and it can actually end up increasing costs for businesses and increasing the prices for the people who are buying or using these services.

And ultimately that then damages the economy.

So people having a minimum salary to earn does actually restrict the amount of people who can move over here and ultimately affect the United Kingdom as a whole.

Sometimes it means by having the strict rules, there's a lack of safe routes.

Because everybody has to go down the same path, the same way to get there, then some people might actually be tempted to risk coming into the UK a different way, in a dangerous way.

They might also be exploited by people who say, "Yeah, we can get you into the UK, we can find you a safe route," and actually isn't a safe route.

It's actually very dangerous and can lead to people being exploited and even put into things like slavery and very low paid or dangerous work.

And this often affects the people that are trying to find safety.

So asylum seekers and refugees, they are the people that often get affected the most because they are so desperate to be out of their situation into a safe situation and then take the risks which actually put them at more danger.

For some people having strict rules that can leave people with a lack of help.

So the people that don't have the documents, that don't have the visas or passports, they can end up being detained or held in different centres for quite long periods of time, even if they are genuinely fleeing danger.

The whole subject of immigration control has so many different parts to consider.

We've looked at the positives of controlling immigration and we've looked at the negatives of controlling immigration and all of this, combining it together is all about balance.

And so countries and the UK Government, all of the different governments have to consider so many things.

And these include about being fair to people who want to move to different countries.

They have to consider the safety, not only of the migrants themselves, but also the people who are already living in that country.

They have to consider the economic needs of the country.

Are there skill shortages? Do we need certain workers in different industries? They also have to consider international law.

So what agreements do they have to abide by because they've said that they would? And they also have to consider things like public opinion.

So what do the people feel who are already living in that country? What do they feel about immigration? Balancing all of these needs shows just how difficult and how complex the whole topic of immigration control really is because there's never going to be one form of immigration control that every single person feels is fair or is just, or is suitable for the country.

Immigration control has been hotly debated in the past.

It's been a really huge topic of conversation in more recent years and it's probably not going to change.

It's still going to be something that people are divided upon in the future as well.

Another check for understanding then.

True or false? Strict immigration control always guarantees enough workers in essential sectors like healthcare and farming.

Take a few seconds to think.

Okay, so is that true or is it false? Well, that is false, but why is it false? Take a few more seconds to think.

Okay, so strict immigration control always guarantees enough workers in essential sectors.

That's false because strict immigration rules can actually cause shortages in different sectors.

If employers can't find enough workers because of things like the controls, people are put off by applying, and that can ultimately damage the economy, raise prices and put the costs on businesses themselves.

Well done if you got that one.

It's time for Task B now.

So you are going to read the statements about immigration control and sort them into the correct column in the table.

So one side of it says positives of immigration control and the other side says negatives of immigration control.

And here are the different statements.

So number one: Helps the government plan services like schools and healthcare.

Two: People may face long waits for decisions.

Three: Skilled workers like doctors and engineers can be welcomed to the UK.

Four: Strict rules can mean fewer safe routes.

Five: Some people feel that the rules are unfair if they're treated differently.

Six: Can prevent exploitations such as trafficking or underpaid work.

Seven: Helps make borders more secure and keep out those who pose risks.

And eight: Some sectors may struggle to find enough workers.

So sort these statements into the two different columns in this table.

Pause the video to give yourself the time to do this and then we will look at the answers together.

Okay, let's look at the answers together then.

So number one: Helps the Government plan services like schools and healthcare.

That is a benefit of immigration control, a positive.

Number two: People may face long waits for decisions, that is a negative.

Three: Skilled workers like doctors and engineers can be welcomed to the UK.

That is a positive.

Four: Strict rules can mean fewer safe routes.

That is a negative.

Number five: Some people can feel the rules are unfair if they're treated differently.

That is a negative of immigration control.

Number six: Can prevent exploitation such as trafficking or underpaid work, that is a positive of immigration control.

Seven: Helps make borders more secure and keep out those who pose risks is a positive of immigration control.

And finally, number eight: some sectors may struggle to find enough workers, that is a negative of immigration control.

Well done if you've got those eight in the correct places.

That shows that you've understood the pros and the cons of immigration control and the effects that it can have on the countries.

Well done.

It's time to summarise our lesson then, which has been called What are the Benefits and Drawbacks of Controlling Immigration? Immigration is when people move to a country to live there.

Emigration is when people move out of a country to live somewhere else.

Immigration control refers to the ways that countries manage and limit who can enter, stay or settle.

It includes things like border checks, visa systems, and deportation of those who break the rules.

Immigration control is beneficial for planning, safety and services, but its drawbacks include long delays, labour shortages, and the risk of treating people unfairly or leaving them without support.

Decisions about immigration involve difficult and complex matters, and it's likely that the debate as to what is fair, necessary, or right will continue.

Well done for sticking with me in today's lesson.

This topic is full of all kinds of different complex reasons to consider, and I think you've done amazingly at doing that.

Well done.

Hope to see you again soon.