The tendency for atoms to fill their outer shell to 8 electrons to become stable. This occurs through chemical bonding, and results in the electron configuration of a noble gas.

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

A particle consisting of a fixed number of (two or more) non-metal atoms covalently bonded together.

A chemical compound in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.

Bonding to carbon atoms

Combined science

Diamond and graphite

Using models to explain state changes

Graphene and fullerenes

Discovery and uses of carbon nanostructures

Bonding, structure and properties

Hydrocarbons

In the Organic Chemistry unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of carbon chemistry to explore the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds and their applications.

In the Structure and Bonding unit, pupils learned about different types of chemical bonding and how these bonds affect the properties of substances.

This unit explores how material properties relate to bonding, bond strength, and structure, focusing on carbon compounds like diamond, graphite, and graphene. It covers nanoparticles, their uses and risks, surface area calculations, scale comparisons, and model representation techniques.

Chemistry of carbon

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom typically form?

transfer of electrons from one atom to another

electrostatic attraction between nuclei and shared pair of electrons

Which of the following best defines a covalent bond?

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

A compound with carbon atoms covalently bonded to other elements.

A {{}} is a particle consisting of a fixed number of non-metal atoms covalently bonded together.

In a covalent bond, what is being shared between atoms?

True or false? Carbon atoms in organic compounds can form only straight chain and branched chain structures.

Select the diagram that shows ionic bonding.

In a dot and cross diagram, what do the dots and crosses represent?

Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

The number of outer shell electrons in a carbon atom is ...

Which of the following substances are classed as covalent molecules?

Bonding to carbon atoms

Lesson outcome