A different structural form of an element, e.g. graphite and diamond are allotropes of carbon.

A large regular arrangement of atoms all joined together by covalent bonds.

Forces of attraction refer to any force that causes two or more substances to come together.

Particles are said to be delocalised when they are free to move through a structure (delocalised electrons can carry an electrical current).

Diamond and graphite

Combined science

Bonding to carbon atoms

Using models to explain state changes

Graphene and fullerenes

Discovery and uses of carbon nanostructures

Bonding, structure and properties

Hydrocarbons

In the Organic Chemistry unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of carbon chemistry to explore the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds and their applications.

In the Structure and Bonding unit, pupils learned about different types of chemical bonding and how these bonds affect the properties of substances.

This unit explores how material properties relate to bonding, bond strength, and structure, focusing on carbon compounds like diamond, graphite, and graphene. It covers nanoparticles, their uses and risks, surface area calculations, scale comparisons, and model representation techniques.

Chemistry of carbon

a different structural form of an element

weak intermolecular forces between layers

In diamond, each carbon atom forms {{}} covalent bonds.

True or false? In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms.

Graphite conducts electricity because it has {{}} which can move and carry charge/current.

The presence of which type of bond is a key feature in giant covalent structures?

Which property is typical of substances with giant covalent structures?

What distinguishes a giant covalent structure from a simple molecular structure?

Which diagram below shows a model of a giant covalent substance?

Which properties are typically found in simple molecular substances but not in giant ionic structures?

In giant covalent structures, atoms are bonded covalently in a large 3D lattice resulting in high melting and boiling points. Match each part of this sentence to the correct term.

Diamond and graphite

Lesson outcome