Refers to the force of attraction between atoms or ions that hold them together.

Refers to any force that causes two or more substances to come together.

Structures in chemistry are determined by the type of bonding and arrangement of atoms or ions.

A feature or characteristic of a substance that can be used to classify it, or describe how it behaves.

Particles that enable electrical conductivity, such as delocalised electrons or free–moving ions.

Bonding, structure and properties

Combined science

Bonding to carbon atoms

Diamond and graphite

Using models to explain state changes

Graphene and fullerenes

Discovery and uses of carbon nanostructures

Hydrocarbons

In the Organic Chemistry unit, pupils will build on their knowledge of carbon chemistry to explore the vast array of natural and synthetic organic compounds and their applications.

In the Structure and Bonding unit, pupils learned about different types of chemical bonding and how these bonds affect the properties of substances.

This unit explores how material properties relate to bonding, bond strength, and structure, focusing on carbon compounds like diamond, graphite, and graphene. It covers nanoparticles, their uses and risks, surface area calculations, scale comparisons, and model representation techniques.

Chemistry of carbon

A force of attraction between atoms or ions that holds them together.

A characteristic of a substance describing how it appears and behaves.

Particles that enable electrical conductivity.

The arrangement of particles in a substance.

Match the following terms to the correct definition.

The two types of structure are simple and {{}}.

Which of the following terms can be used to describe substances that have a full outer shell of electrons?

The covalent bonds between the atoms are weak.

The forces of attraction between molecules are weak.

The ionic bonds between the ions are weak.

The intramolecular bonds between the atoms are weak.

Why do simple molecular substances have low boiling points?

The presence of which of the following allows conductivity in a substance?

layers of positive ions in a 'sea' of delocalised electrons 

Match the following structures to the type of bonding.

To attain a stable electron configuration.

Electrons are transferred, so charged ions, not atoms, are bonded.

Electrons are delocalised among a lattice of metal ions.

Match the type of bonding to its description:

What type of bonding can be found between non–metal atoms?

From the diagrams below, select the image depicting a substance with ionic bonding.

The sharing of electron pairs equally between atoms.

The complete transfer of electrons between atoms to form charged ions.

The pooling of electrons in a 'sea' around a network of ions.

The presence of a dipole moment due to unequal electron sharing.

What is a key characteristic of metallic bonding?

Which of the following substances would you expect to conduct electricity when solid?

Bonding, structure and properties

Lesson outcome