A solute is a substance that has dissolved into a solvent.

A solvent is a liquid into which a solute dissolves.

When a substance dissolves in a solvent, it is described as soluble in that solvent.

A substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent is described as insoluble.

A state symbol is used in chemical equations to indicate the physical state of a substance.

Solutions

Combined science

Separating mixtures (including formulations)

Filtration

Crystallisation

Chromatography: paper

Interpreting chromatograms

Chromatography: separating a mixture of inks

Distillation: simple distillation

Distillation: separating a mixture of inks

Distillation: fractional distillation

Potable water

Wastewater treatment

Water sample analysis: pH

Water sample analysis: dissolved solids

Water sample analysis: distillation

In the Making Salts unit, pupils will build on their understanding of separation techniques to learn about the process of making salts and writing balanced chemical equations.

In the Separation Techniques unit, pupils learned about various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

This unit explores purification techniques, including filtration, crystallisation, and distillation. It explains formulations, uses chromatographic methods to identify pure and impure substances, and interprets chromatograms with Rf values. The emphasis is on accurate measurements.

Separating substances

What happens when a solute dissolves in a solvent?

Which term describes a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent?

If a substance is highly soluble (has a high solubility) in water, it means it can {{}} easily in water.

Not everything is soluble in water. We can try and use a different {{}} (e.g. ethanol) to dissolve substances if they are not water soluble.

Which picture shows an insoluble substance?

Sugar dissolves in water, so sugar can be described as a {{}} solid.

A {{}} is a material formed from two or more substances which can be physically separated.

I'm fairly certain this shows an impure solid.

Some students have been asked to describe this diagram using key terms.  Who has used their key words correctly?

Melting is what happens when a substance disappears.

Melting occurs when solid particles become more regularly arranged.

Melting is the process of a substance disappearing in a liquid.

Melting occurs when solid particles become more irregularly arranged.

Melting is a reversible, physical change. Which of the following statements is also true about melting?

Solutions

Lesson outcome