A molecule on the surface of a pathogen or other cell.

A type of cell in the blood that is part of the immune system and responds to pathogens.

A type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system and responds to specific pathogens.

Proteins produced by white blood cells against specific pathogens.

Produced by white blood cells to neutralise toxins.

Responses of the human immune system to specific pathogens

Combined science

Non-specific defences of the human body against pathogens

Immunity and vaccination

Evaluating the global use of vaccination

Pupils will learn about the use of antibiotics against pathogens, and the development of new drugs and novel treatments for disease.

Pupils learned about non-communicable diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer; and about communicable diseases in humans and plant caused by pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

This unit explores the body's defences and immune response against pathogens, disease prevention, and vaccines. It covers plant defence responses, and disease detection, and evaluates scientific applications, considering personal, social, economic, and environmental implications.

Defences against pathogens, the human immune system and vaccination

All cells, including our body cells and pathogens, have molecules on their surface called ...

True or false? Antitoxins neutralise toxins.

White blood cells called lymphocytes release proteins called {{}} that cause pathogens to clump together.

Antibodies cause pathogens to clump together so they can be engulfed and digested by a ...

True or false? Lymphocytes are part of the non-specific response to pathogens.

Andeep: All pathogens have the same antigens on their surface.

Izzy: One lymphocyte can make antibodies against many different pathogens.

Sam: Each lymphocyte makes antibodies specific to an antigen on one pathogen.

Laura: Pathogens make antibodies that are recognised by a specific lymphocyte.

A microorganism that causes disease is called a ...

The human body has defences against pathogens. The skin is an example of a {{}} defence.

Tears are a chemical defence against pathogens. They contain __________ that break down pathogens.

Which of these are part of the immune system?

To transport waste products and hormones.

Match each part of the blood to its function.

{{}} is the process of a white blood cell engulfing and digesting a pathogen.

Responses of the human immune system to specific pathogens

Lesson outcome