an instrument that uses visible light and lenses to magnify a viewed specimen

a glass or plastic disc that refracts light to increase magnification

focus means to make an image sharper and clearer

the number of times greater in size the viewed object is compared to its actual size

a specialised plant cell found in the roots that absorb water and nutrients into the plant

Observing root hair cells using a light microscope: practical

Combined science

Plant roots are adapted to absorb water and mineral ions

Transport systems in plants: xylem and transpiration

Observing the structure and distribution of stomata: practical

Transport systems in plants: phloem and translocation

Observing xylem and phloem using a light microscope: practical

The effect of light on water uptake by a plant: practical

The effects of environmental factors on the rate of water uptake by a plant

The importance of exchange surfaces and transport systems in plants

Pupils will learn about ways in which the human body maintains a constant internal environment in response to internal and external change, including changes in temperature and water balance.

Pupils learned about aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, including the chemical reactants and products of the processes, and practical ways to measure the rate of cellular respiration in living cells.

This unit covers water and mineral uptake in plants, focusing on root hair cells, xylem, and phloem. It includes transpiration, translocation, and factors affecting water uptake. Emphasis is on rate calculations, graph interpretation, experiments, and data analysis.

Transport and exchange surfaces in plants

Physical activity and equipment requiring safe use

Which part of the light microscope is the objective lenses?

Looking from the side, raise the stage up close to the objective lens.

Looking down the eyepiece lens, move the stage downwards.

Use the fine focus wheel to get the sharpest possible image.

Put these statements in the correct order to describe how to set up a light microscope.

To make sure the stage isn’t moved too quickly.

Looking from the side whilst moving the stage and slide towards the objective lens is a safety measure. Why?

Which of these should be present in a scientific drawing?

Scientific drawings often show the magnification used to see the object drawn. If the eyepiece lens is x10 and a x20 objective lens is used, what is the total magnification?

The 'hair' increases the surface area of the cell.

The diagram shows a root hair cell. How does the 'hair' help the root hair cell do its job?

Complete the word summary for photosynthesis.

This cell absorbs water into a plant. It is called a root {{}} cell.

Which process requires energy from cellular respiration?

Nitrates are absorbed from low to high concentration.

Nitrates are absorbed from high to low concentration.

Why is active transport needed for root hair cells to absorb nitrates from the soil?

As well as being a reactant in photosynthesis, water is used to maintain the structural integrity of many plants. Without water plants may wilt. Cells in a wilting plant are described as __________.

Many chemical reactions take place in the cell cytoplasm. Water is the {{}} in which the reactant and products are dissolved.

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