Lesson video

Hello, my name is Mrs. Holborow, and welcome to Computing.

I'm so pleased you could join me for the lesson today.

In today's lesson, we're going to be learning about the difference between predictive and generative AI.

And then we're going to explore some of the uses of each type of AI.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit Using Data Science and AI Tools Effectively and Safely.

This lesson is called Uses of Predictive and Generative AI.

And by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the difference between predictive and generative AI systems and typical uses of each.

Shall we make a start? We will be exploring these keywords throughout today's lesson.

Let's take a look at them together now.

Training data, training data, the data given to an AI system so it can identify patterns and relationships.

Generative, generative, ability to make new things like pictures, stories, music or ideas.

Predictive, predictive, able to make guesses about the future based on past data.

Look out for these keywords throughout today's lesson.

Today's lesson is split into two parts.

We'll start by describing uses of generative and predictive AI.

And then we'll move on to compare predictive and generative AI.

Let's make a start by describing uses of generative and predictive AI.

Artificial intelligence, or AI, systems, are designed and developed by humans to solve problems or to make decisions by identifying and using patterns from training data.

There are different types of AI systems. Each system is designed to be useful in a certain way.

Sam has a question.

What is training data? Let's explore this question.

Training data is the set of data and examples processed by AI systems so that patterns and relationships can be identified.

All AI systems rely on training data to perform tasks by using patterns identified in the data.

Two common types of artificial intelligence are generative AI systems and predictive AI systems. Note that all AI systems are designed and developed by humans to complete useful tasks.

Jacob says, "Do generative and predictive AI systems have different uses?" What do you think? Maybe pause the video whilst you have a think.

Generative AI technology is used to generate new content such as images, text, computer code, music, and videos.

Whereas predictive AI technology is used to make guesses about the future based on patterns identified in training data.

Image generators use generative AI systems to produce new images from text prompts.

They generate new visual content because the systems have been trained to identify patterns from millions of images in the training data.

Generative AI systems can be used to output new video content by inputting text, images, or audio.

Generative AI systems generate videos by identifying patterns from millions of existing videos in training data.

Code generators can help programmers by generating software code from simple descriptions in a user text prompt.

The generative AI systems have been trained to identify patterns in millions of code examples in the training data.

So you can see there's a bit of a pattern here.

They're all relying on this training data.

Large language models, or LLMs, are a form of generative AI technology that can be used to generate text like stories, summaries, and translations.

Chatbot applications use LLMs to generate text responses based on patterns in training data.

Okay, I have a true or false statement for you.

Generative AI technology is used to make predictions about the future.

Is this statement true or false? Pause the video whilst you think about your answer.

Did you select false? Well done.

Remember, generative AI is used to generate new content such as images, text, computer code, music, and videos.

Making predictions about the future is done by predictive AI systems. So Sam says, "What about predictive AI systems? What are they used for?" Jacob says, "There are lots of uses for predictive AI systems." Do you know of any, or have you come across any before? Perhaps pause the video whilst you think about that question.

Predictive AI technology is used to make guesses about what might happen in the future.

Spam filters are designed to detect and block unwanted or malicious emails or messages before they reach a users' inbox.

They use predictive AI systems that can identify patterns from training data to classify emails as wanted or unwanted.

Weather apps are designed to provide users with current weather conditions and forecasts of what the weather might be like days or weeks in advance.

Weather apps use predictive AI systems that have been trained to identify patterns in large amounts of past weather data.

Online stores can make recommendations and suggest products you might like to buy.

They use predictive AI systems that can match your browsing history or purchase history with patterns identified from other customers' purchasing behaviours in training data.

Okay, I have a question for you.

AI technology that's used to output new content such as images and music is known as, a, predictive AI, b, reinforcement learning, or c, generative AI? Pause the video whilst you think about your answer.

Did you select c? Well done.

Generative AI technology is used to output new content.

Okay, a true or false statement for you now.

Only generative AI systems require training data to complete tasks.

Is this statement true or false? Pause the video whilst you have a think.

Did you select false? Well done.

All AI systems rely on training data to perform tasks by using patterns identified in the training data.

Another true or false statement for you, predictive AI technology is used to make guesses about the future based on patterns identified in the training data.

Is this statement true or false? Pause the video whilst you have a think.

Did you say true? Well done.

Okay, we're moving on to our first task of today's lesson, Task A.

For each use in the table below, I'd like you to tick whether it uses predictive or generative AI systems. So the uses are recommending movies based on viewing habits, creating a new piece of instrumental music, producing an image from a text prompt, and forecasting tomorrow's weather.

Pause the video whilst you complete the task.

How did you get on with the task? Did you manage to identify whether each task uses predictive or generative AI systems? Well done.

Let's have a look at the answers together.

So recommending movies based on viewing habits is a predictive AI system task.

Creating a new piece of instrumental music is generative 'cause we're generating the music.

Producing an image from a text prompt is generative AI again.

And forecasting tomorrow's weather is predictive AI.

Remember, if you need to make any corrections, perhaps pause your video here.

For the next part of Task A, in your own words, write a paragraph to describe one application of generative AI and one application of predictive AI.

Pause the video whilst you complete the task.

How did you get on? Let's have a look at a sample answer together.

You were asked to write a paragraph to describe one application of generative AI and one application of predictive AI.

An example of generative AI is a system that creates new text by combining patterns found in its training data.

It produces original sentences that did not exist before.

An example of predictive AI is a system that recommends movies based on patterns in your past viewing data.

It uses this information to identify what you might watch next.

Did you have a similar response? Remember, you don't need to use exactly the examples that are provided in the sample answer.

Okay, we are now moving on to the second part of today's lesson, where we're going to compare and generative AI.

Sam says, "Predictive and generative AI technology both seem the same to me.

How are they different?" Jacob says, "We can compare some of the features of each, and that will help us to understand the differences." That's a great idea, Jacob.

One difference between generative and predictive AI technology is that they are designed to produce different types of outputs.

So generative AI technology is designed to generate brand new content such as stories or music.

Predictive AI technology analyses data and tries to predict what will happen next.

Sofia says, "Generative AI systems are used to generate new things like text, pictures, or sounds." That's right, Sofia.

It generates new content based on patterns it has found in large amounts of training data.

Predictive AI systems are used to estimate what is likely to happen based on past data.

It makes predictions, for example, whether someone might miss a payment or which advert a person might be most likely to click on.

Sam says, "So generative AI technology generates new content, and predictive AI technology estimates what is likely to happen based on the past data?" That's right, Sam.

Well done.

Jacob says, "Yes, that's right.

But sometimes there isn't a clear line between the two types of system, because they can be used together to complete tasks." That's a really good point, Jacob.

Well done.

Generative and predictive AI systems can be combined in applications.

For example, a virtual assistant might use predictive AI systems to guess what help is needed from a user prompt and then use generative AI systems to produce and output a written explanation.

Image generators combine generative and predictive AI systems to produce images step by step.

Predictive AI systems estimate what image features should come next.

Then generative AI systems use these predictions to generate new images based on patterns in the training data.

Sofia says, "Both predictive and generative AI systems can make errors." Because predictive and generative AI systems can make mistakes, it's important to check their output carefully.

Generative AI systems do not always produce accurate results and can sometimes create information that sounds real but isn't actually true.

It's important to fact check the output of generative AI systems. Predictive AI also doesn't always give correct answers.

It can make inaccurate predictions if the training data is biassed or incomplete.

Always check and question the results of predictive AI systems before making decisions based on what they output.

Sam has a really good question.

Do developers know why AI systems generate or predict certain outputs? Even developers can't easily explain exactly how AI systems produce certain outputs.

This is because the internal processes are based on complex patterns in training data rather than clear rules.

Sam says, "So there are really lots of differences between predictive and generative AI, but they also share some similar features." Jacob says, "I think a table might be useful to help us compare them." That's a good idea, Jacob.

The table below can be used to help outline some of the features of predictive and generative AI systems. So the main purpose of generative AI is to generate new content.

How it works, it uses identified patterns to generate new content.

And where is it used? In chatbot applications, writing and design tools, and image generators are some examples.

The main purpose of predictive AI systems is to predict what might happen.

They work by identifying patterns and make guesses based on past examples.

They're used in business and weather forecasting, in medical predictions, and spam filters.

Okay, I have a true or false statement for you now.

The output of generative and predictive AI systems is always accurate and based on facts.

Is this statement true or false? Maybe pause the video whilst you have a think.

Did you select false? Well done.

Generative and predictive AI systems can produce convincing output, but it may not always be accurate or based on facts.

Fact checking is always important because AI systems generate output based on patterns in the training data, not verified information.

Okay, we're moving on to our next task of today's lesson, Task B.

In your own words, write a paragraph to compare predictive and generative AI systems. Pause the video whilst you complete the task.

How did you get on? Did you manage to write a paragraph to compare predictive and generative AI systems? Well done.

Let's have a look at a sample answer together.

Generative and predictive AI are both types of AI that use training data to identify patterns, but they are useful in different ways.

Generative AI systems are used to generate new content such as images, text, and music.

Whereas predictive AI systems estimate what might happen in the future and are used for things like forecasting weather and making recommendations.

Both types of AI systems can produce useful results, but they can also make errors.

It is important to carefully check outputs on both systems. Remember, if you'd like to pause the video here and add any extra detail to your answer, you can do that now.

Okay, we've come to the end of today's lesson, Uses of Predictive and Generative AI.

And you've done a fantastic job, so well done.

Let's summarise what we've learned together in this lesson.

Predictive AI technology is used to make guesses about the future.

Generative AI technology is used to generate new content such as images, text, computer code, music, and videos.

Both generative and predictive AI systems analyse training data to identify patterns, relationships, and structures.

Predictive and generative AI systems can make errors, and it's important to check the output carefully.

I hope you've enjoyed today's lesson.

And I hope you'll join me again soon.

Bye.