Lesson video

Hello, my name is Mrs. Holborow, and welcome to Computing.

I'm so pleased that you've been able to join me for the lesson today.

In today's lesson, we're going to be looking at some key UK laws on data and copyright, and we'll be explaining the difference between open source and proprietary software.

Welcome to today's lesson from the unit Databases and SQL.

This lesson is called Data protection, copyright, and the law.

And by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe key UK computer laws and explain how they protect data, creative work, and software use.

Shall we make a start? We will be exploring these keywords throughout today's lesson.

Let's take a look at them now.

Patent.

Patent, a legal right that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell their invention for a certain number of years.

Open source.

Open source, software for which the programme source code is made available to the general public.

Proprietary.

Proprietary, software that is owned by a company or person.

You are not allowed to change, copy, or share it without permission.

Sometimes called closed source software.

Look out for these keywords throughout today's lesson.

Today's lesson is broken down into two sections.

We'll start by explaining key UK laws on data and copyright, and then we'll move on to compare open source and proprietary software.

Let's make a start by explaining key UK laws on data and copyright.

Databases are designed to store large volumes of data.

This data could include sensitive and personal information about individuals.

Aisha says, "I think it's important to protect this data.

What would happen if the database was hacked?" I think Aisha's right.

Here are four key documents that protect data and content.

The General Data Protection Regulation of 2018, the Data Protection Act of 2018, the Copyright Designs and Patents Act of 1988, and Creative Commons.

We will look at how these laws protect our data.

The General Data Protection Regulation, which is sometimes referred to as GDPR, in EU law, creates a European standard to protect individuals and regulates how companies and organisations may collect, hold, and use personal data.

The Data Protection Act 2018 is the UK's implementation of GDPR.

The Data Protection Act governs how the data of UK citizens can be collected, stored, and shared.

Those who collect data must follow the data protection principles.

Let's have a look at what these principles are.

The data protection principles ensures that data is used fairly and lawfully, for a specific and necessary purpose, and in a way that is adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary.

That data is kept accurate and up to date and only for as long as needed, and that the data is handled securely and protected against unauthorised access, destruction, or damage.

Under the Data Protection Act 2018, you have the right to find out what information the government and other organisations store about you.

These include the right to, be informed about how your data is being used, access personal data, have incorrect data amended, have data erased, stop or restrict the processing of your data, restrict the portability of data or sharing with third parties, and object to how your data is processed in certain circumstances.

You also have rights when an organisation is using your personal data for automated decision-making purposes, which means without human involvement.

For example, when deciding whether to offer you a credit card or loan profiling.

If you want to see the data that an organisation holds on you, you need to make a written request.

This request is normally made to the organization's data protection officer, or DPO.

The organisation must give you a copy of the data they hold about you as soon as possible, and within one month at the most.

There are some situations when organisations are allowed to withhold information.

For example, if the information is about the prevention, detection, or investigation of a crime, national security or the armed forces, the assessment or collection of tax, judicial or ministerial appointments.

An organisation does not have to say why they're withholding information.

Requests for information are usually free.

However, organisations can charge an administrative cost in some circumstances.

Time to check your understanding.

A data protection officer at a public organisation receives a written request for data stored about the sender.

Which one of these is a legal reason why the data protection officer could refuse to provide the data requested? Is it a, the data relates to the detection of a crime, b, it would take a lot of time and effort to process the request, or c, there is a large amount of data? Pause the video whilst you have a think.

Did you select a? Well done.

The only legal reason why the data protection officer could refuse the request is if the data relates to a detection of a crime.

The Copyright Designs and Patents Act of 1988 is legislation that allows an individual or organisation that has created a piece of original work the right to control the use of their work.

The legislation covers literary works, so pieces of writing, dramatic works, musical works, artistic works, like paintings and photography, typographical works, sound recordings, and films. The owner's rights cover the way that the work can be used.

For example, copying, adapting, broadcasting, or lending.

Digital assets have the same protection as those produced in a traditional form.

The work does not have to be labelled as copyright.

The Copyright Computer Programmes Regulation Act of 1992 extended the act to cover computer programmes.

A patent allows an original idea within certain fields to be protected.

The shape or configuration of a product or item is protected by design rights.

A trademark protects indications, for example a logo, of the commercial source of a product or service, and remain in force as long as they are actively used or registered.

Time to check your understanding.

Match the term to the correct description.

So, the terms are copyright, patent, and trademark.

And the descriptions are, protect indications of a commercial source, protects original works, protects ideas.

Pause the video whilst you match the terms. How did you get on? Did you manage to match the terms? Let's go through the answers together.

Copyright protects original works.

A patent protects ideas.

And a trademark protects indications of a commercial source, for example, a logo.

Computer networks, and especially the internet, have made it very easy to share files.

Whilst this helps authors who wish to share their work, it is not good for authors whose work is copied and or shared illegally.

To use material that is protected by legislation, you need to have permission.

This may be freely given, or the owner may insist on being named as the creator or owner of the copyright.

A Creative Commons licence allows the owner to be attributed or choose how others can share, use, or build on the material.

Okay, we've come to our first task of today's lesson and you're doing a great job so far, so well done.

The music download site holds data about customer downloads.

The data stored about each member is shown, so we have table members, which stores a member ID, First name, surname, date of birth, address, and city.

For part 1, explain which UK laws would protect a customer's data.

And then for part 2, if a customer found their surname was spelt incorrectly, what could they do? Pause the video whilst you think about your answers to the task.

How did you get on? Let's have a look at some sample answers together.

For part 1, you were asked to explain which UK laws would protect customer's data.

The General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, and the UK Data Protection Act of 2018 would protect the customer's data.

The Data Protection Act principles state how the data is used, kept, and handled.

For part 2, you asked if a customer found their surname was spelled incorrectly.

What could they do? If the customer discovers their surname is spelled incorrectly, they have the right to request that their data is corrected.

They also have the right to request any information that is stored about them, which can be requested by contacting the organization's data protection officer, or DPO.

Remember, if you want to pause your video here and add any detail to your answer, you can do that now.

So, we've explained some key UK laws on data and copyright.

Let's now compare open source and proprietary software.

Open source software is software for which the source code is freely available to download.

The code can be inspected and modified to suit the specific requirements of the user.

Can you think of any examples of open source software? Maybe pause the video whilst you have a think.

Some of the class have got some responses.

Alex says, "Scratch is open source." That's right, Alex, it is.

Sophia says, "The web browser, Mozilla Firefox, is open source." And Sam says, "MySQL and SQLite are open source database management systems." There's some really good examples there.

Did you have any other examples? As the source code is open, users can contribute to fixing errors and vulnerabilities in the code and can sometimes provide assistance with the product to other users.

For example, helping to write help guides and things like that.

Also, any number of people could potentially contribute to the software development, and development is often a group effort.

Open source software is usually free, but not all free software is open source.

The quality of the finished product can vary.

Some open source software is extremely high quality and updated regularly, while some contain a number of bugs and quickly become outdated.

As open source software is usually free, it is sometimes easier for a user or organisation to change over to using the software.

They do not have to consider the length of licences or whether they could be wasting money by switching products.

Time to check your understanding.

Which of the following is an advantage of using open source software? a, the developers of the software provide technical support, b, the software is guaranteed to be updated regularly, c, the original developers manage software updates, or d, you can easily switch to another piece of software? Pause the video whilst you have a think about your answer.

Did you select d? Well done.

Open source software gives users the freedom to easily switch to other pieces of software.

Proprietary software is software for which the source code is not freely available.

It is developed and provided to the user as a fully compiled, executable set of files.

The developer often provides support to the users after the purchase and ensures that the software works as expected.

As the user is not provided with the source code, they cannot make any changes to the software.

Proprietary software is software that is developed, owned, and distributed by a specific company or organisation.

Some common examples include Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, iOS, and Adobe Creative Cloud.

Proprietary software is usually sold to end users, although sometimes it is available for free.

Importantly, when purchasing software, the user does not buy the software itself, but buys a licence to use the software.

Time to check your understanding.

You always have to pay for proprietary software.

Is this true or false? Pause the video whilst you have a think.

Did you select false? Yes, well done.

But why? Proprietary software is usually sold to end users, although sometimes it is available for free.

Okay, we're moving on to our next task of today's lesson, where we're going to compare open source and proprietary software.

Complete the table to compare open source and proprietary software using the features listed.

So, we have cost, availability of source code, ability to modify, and support.

Pause the video whilst you complete the table.

How did you get on? Did you manage to complete the table? Well done.

Let's have a look at some sample answers together.

So, the first feature was cost.

Open source software is usually free.

Proprietary software, you may have to pay for a licence to use the software.

The next feature was availability of source code.

With open source, the source code is available.

With proprietary, the source code is not released.

The next feature was ability to modify.

With open source, anyone can make modifications and contribute to the development of the software.

With proprietary, all changes are controlled by developers.

The last feature was support.

With open source, support is often provided by users, rather than by developers.

Whereas with proprietary, the support is provided by developers.

For part 2, you may have used the open source software MySQL or SQLite as a database management system.

What were the benefits of using this software? Pause the video whilst you answer the question.

How did you get on with the question? Well done.

Let's have a look at a sample answer together.

You were asked what were the benefits of using an open source database management system? "The software was free to download, so I didn't need to pay for any software licences." That's a benefit.

"Because the software is widely used, there's a large community of developers who contribute to the development of the software and resolve issues.

These developers also provide documentation to help and support other users." Okay, we've come to the end of today's lesson, Data protection, copyright, and the law.

You've done a fantastic job today, so well done.

Let's summarise what we've learned together in this lesson.

Databases are designed to store large volumes of data.

This data could hold sensitive and personal information about individuals and needs to be protected.

In the UK, there are a number of laws which protect data, including GDPR, the Data Protection Act, and the Copyright Designs and Patents Act.

Software can be categorised as open source or proprietary.

I hope you've enjoyed today's lesson and I hope you'll join me again soon.

Bye!.