Lesson video

Hello, I'm Mr. Ballam.

Thanks for choosing this lesson.

This lesson is all around why we need energy and nutrients.

So what are we going to learn today? Well, by the end of this lesson you'll be able to explain why we need energy and name different nutrients.

And there are some keywords which I'm gonna go through now, which we're going to cover in today's lesson.

And the first one is energy.

And this is derived from food and required for us to stay alive, and function, and maintain our health.

The next word is nutrients, and these are substances that are essential for our life, growth, and health.

The next word is fibre.

And again, these are substances in food from plants that are resistant to digestion.

And the last one is water.

A colourless and odious liquid.

The basis of all living things.

So let's get started with the first part of the lesson, which is all around energy.

So food and drinks are the body's source of energy, and we need energy to grow, to be active, and also to maintain our health.

So let's have a quick check, shall we? So true or false? Food and drinks provide energy for us to grow, be active, and maintain health.

Yes, that's right, isn't it? And why is that? Well, food and drinks are the body's source of energy and they help us to grow, be active, and maintain our health.

Brilliant work.

Now we know that we need energy, but different people need different amounts of energy.

And these amounts depend on a number of different things.

So for example, it might be someone's age, it could be how active they are, or it could be about their health too.

And the energy they get is provided by the different food and drinks that they consume.

And it's really important that we get the right amount of energy for our age so that we can grow, be active, and maintain our health too.

And different people needs different amounts of energy, just like you can see in these photos here.

These people are different ages and they're doing different activities, but they need different amounts of energy.

So for example, every day this is what the following people need.

So a 12-month-old baby girl, she needs 2,700 kilojoules of energy a day.

A 9-year-old boy, he needs 7,700.

A 36-year-old man, well, he needs 11,000 kilojoules.

And a 65-year-old woman, she needs 8,000 kilojoules.

So you can see here different people at different ages need different amount of energy.

So as we've seen already, energy is measured in kilojoules and kilocalories.

And in science, the term calorie was replaced by the term joule.

However, sometimes you hear the term calories is used more commonly when describing energy provided by food and drinks, particularly on food labels.

So different foods provide different amounts of energy.

So for example, per 100 grammes, so we can compare them easily, spaghetti provides 569 kilojoules, this cake, 1,509, a pack of butter, again 100 grammes, 3,059, some bread, 922 kilojoules, and an apple, 215.

So you can see here different types of foods provide different amounts of energy.

So having a look on the screen here, reading the numbers really carefully, the energy, which food provides the least amount of energy per 100 grammes, A, B, C, or D? Brilliant.

Yes, that's right.

It's orange, isn't it, per 100 grammes.

It only provides 152 kilojoules per 100 grammes.

Well done to you.

How about this one then? Which food provides the most amount of energy per 100 grammes, A, B, C, or D? Yes, that's right.

It's B, B for butter.

That provides 3,059 kilojoules of energy per 100 grammes, so it provides the most energy compared to these other foods here.

Brilliant work.

Well done.

Now for most packaged foods, we can find at how much energy it provides by looking at the food label.

So for example, here are two food labels showing the energy provided by food.

So this is usually on the front of a pack.

And if you look at this closely, it tells us how much energy is in one biscuit.

So if we read it very carefully, you can see it says 351 kilojoules or 84 kilocalories of energy for one biscuit.

So at a glance, we can really easily see how much energy is provided.

And the information is also provided on the back of pack, and it's in much more detail too.

And this information is provided per 100 grammes, so you can easily compare it with other foods, but also per portion too.

But this time it's two biscuits.

So you can use this information to make healthier choices.

So when we are active, we use energy.

And different activities use different amounts of energy, just like you can see on the screen here.

The children are walking while the other adults here are cycling, so they're gonna use different amounts of energy.

So what's Jacob saying? "So activity is about being sporty, being active?" Hmm.

What do you think? "No," says Laura, "activity is all the things that we do and the movements we make.

It includes sport, but also reading, sleeping, as well as watching the TV too." So all the things that we do use energy.

So let's have a quick check for understanding, shall we? So true or false? Being active is about being sporty.

That's right, that's false, isn't it? And why? Well, activity are all the things we do and the movements we make.

And it includes being sporty, but also reading, sleeping, as well as watching the TV.

Brilliant, well done.

So as we've said, activities use different amounts of energy.

So let's look at some examples, shall we? And these are going to be the amounts of energy we use if we do these activities just for 15 minutes.

So the first one is swimming.

So if we swim for 15 minutes, we could use 357 kilojoules of energy.

And then if we're walking, we will use 114.

And if we're playing football, it might be 196 kilojoules.

And if we're just sleeping, it's 35 kilojoules.

So can you see here, the more active we are, the more busy we are with our bodies, the more energy we use.

And when we're resting and sleeping, we're not moving very much at all, are we? We're not being active, so therefore our bodies use much less energy.

So which of these activities then uses the most energy? Yes, that's right.

It's swimming, isn't it? 357.

So for 15 minutes, swimming would use the most energy.

So let's look at some more examples, shall we? So dancing for example.

162 kilojoules of energy if you dance for 15 minutes.

Or perhaps play netball 178, or reading, so 38 kilojoules, or just watching TV, 35.

So which of these activities uses least energy? Yes, that's right.

It's watching TV.

It's only using 35 kilojoules of energy because we're not moving, we're just sitting down, aren't we? Brilliant, well done.

So let's have a quick check for understanding, shall we? So which activity uses the least energy per 15 minutes, A, B, C, or D? Brilliant.

Yes, well done.

Yes, that's right.

It's D, isn't it? It's sleeping.

It's only using 35 kilojoules of energy per 15 minutes.

Great work.

You read all the energy amounts carefully.

Well done.

So let's have a look at some foods that provide 400 kilojoules of energy or 96 kilocalories.

So for example, wholemeal bread, if we had 43 grammes of it, that would provide 400 kilojoules.

And if we had tomatoes, well, we could eat much more.

We could have 656 grammes, and that would still only provide 400 kilojoules.

A ham, we could have 89 grammes, and that would provide 400 kilojoules.

Or if we had 67 grammes of egg, that would also provide 400 kilojoules of energy.

So what do you notice about the type of food and the weight? Well, if you look very carefully, you can see here that the tomatoes, which are from the fruit and vegetables group, you can have lots more, can't you? You can have 656 grammes of tomatoes providing 400 kilojoules and that's because they've got lots of water in them.

So that's why we're also encouraged to have lots of fruits and vegetables, that's five a day.

Now these foods also provide 400 kilojoules of energy.

So we've got some skimmed milk.

And we can have 205 millilitres of that, and that would provide 400 kilojoules.

Or orange, we can have 263 grammes, and butter, just 13 grammes, and crisp, 22 grammes.

So you can see here different types of foods provide different amounts of energy.

So again, what do you notice about the type of food and its weight? Well, we can see here you can have lots of orange, can't you, for 400 kilojoules, but not very much butter or crisps.

So therefore that's why we should only eat butter or crisps, you know, only occasionally and in small amounts because it provides a lot of energy.

So we looked at different weights of food that provide 400 kilojoules of energy.

How about activities that use up 400 kilojoules? Swimming, that would use 400 kilojoules of energy if you swam for 24 minutes.

Or cycling, you'd have to cycle for 17 minutes to use 400 kilojoules.

Or just sitting down, that would take 96 minutes to use 400 kilojoules.

Running, just 17 minutes, sleeping, 116 minutes, and then walking, 31 minutes.

So what do you notice about the activity and the time? Well, that's right.

Activities like swimming, cycling, and running, they use more energy.

So therefore to use 400 kilojoules, you don't have to do that activity as long.

But things like sleeping and sitting, well, we're not being very active at all, are we? So therefore, to use 400 kilojoules, we have to do that activity for much, much longer.

So the more active we are, the more energy we will use, but for less time.

Okay, so I've got a task for you here.

And I want you to use food labels or have a look on the internet.

I want you to find out the energy provided by six different types of foods, all per 100 grammes.

And I want you to complete the table below.

Good luck to you and remember to pause the video.

Well, how did you get on? I bet you did really well.

Isn't it interesting looking at the different amounts of energy provided by different types of foods as well as reading food labels carefully and accurately too? So let's look at some examples together, shall we? I'm sure you did really well, but let's look at mine.

So one of the first things I looked at was a cheese pizza.

And this is the energy provided per 100 grammes for a cheese pizza.

Or a tuna sandwich, or perhaps hummus, chicken tikka, a chocolate bar, and water.

And isn't it amazing for 100 grammes they all provide different amounts of energy? And water provides no energy at all, and the chocolate bar provides the most energy.

So if we do eat chocolate, we should only have it occasionally and in small amounts.

So the second part of the task is to fill in the blanks here by Sam, Alex, and Izzy.

And to help, here's a word bank for you.

So good luck, pause the video, and we'll come back and look at the answers together very soon.

Okay, how did you get on? Should we look at the answers together? Well, the first one by Sam, that's right, it was energy is provided by food and drinks.

How about the next one by Alex? Yes, brilliant.

Energy is needed to grow, be active, and be healthy.

And the last one by Izzy? Yes, that's right.

Activity uses energy.

Brilliant work.

Well done.

So the second part of the lesson is all around nutrients, fibre, and water.

So food and drinks provide substances that are needed for our health.

And these are nutrients, fibre, and water.

And nutrients are essential substances that are needed for the body to function properly and maintain our health.

And there are different types of nutrients that have different functions or jobs, and different nutrients are found in different amounts in different food.

So a wide variety of food is needed as different food provides different types and amounts of nutrients.

And to help us get all the nutrients we need, we should have a variety of food from the Eatwell Guide food groups.

It shows us the types and proportions of foods that we need to be healthy.

And the food groups provide different nutrients, so we need a variety of different types of foods.

So true or false? The Eatwell Guide food groups provide different nutrients, so we need a variety of different foods? Yes, that's true.

Well done.

And why is that? Well, to help us get all the nutrients we need, we should eat a variety of food from the different Eatwell Guide food groups.

Brilliant, well done.

Now the main nutrients are called carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

And each nutrient has a certain function or job to keep us healthy.

And these three nutrients also provide energy to the body.

Do you remember, we need energy to grow, be active, and maintain our health? And the other nutrients we need that are important to our health are things like vitamins and minerals too.

And each of these nutrients has a certain function or job to keep us healthy.

And these vitamins and minerals are only needed in very small amounts, but are really important for our health.

And also it's important to note that vitamins and minerals do not provide any energy.

So we've looked at nutrients, and the next one is fibre.

And fibre helps to keep our digestive system healthy.

And fibre can be found in fruits and vegetables or things like potatoes, bread, rice, and pasta, or perhaps beans and pulses too, as well as nuts and seeds.

And we all need to eat more fibre in our diets.

And really importantly, we should all try and have brown or wholemeal varieties of foods, such as brown bread, pasta, or rice.

So which foods here on the screen provide fibre, A, B, or C? Yes, that's right.

It's A, isn't it? There are lots of beans and pulses there.

Anything else? Yes, that's right.

It's B as well, isn't it? Lots of different types of fruits and vegetables.

Brilliant work, well done.

So now we're going to look at water.

And we need water to stay alive.

And it's a major part of our bodies, and it helps to regulate our temperature and also move nutrients around the body too.

And water is found in food and in drinks.

And in addition to the water provided in foods, such as fruits and vegetables or perhaps a soup, we also need around six to eight drinks every day.

Plus we need to drink more when we've been active or it's hot.

Okay, let's have a quick check, shall we? So true or false? Water is only found in drinks? Well, that's false, isn't it? And why is that? Well, do you remember? Water is also found in food such as things in fruits and vegetables or if we're having a soup.

Brilliant.

Well done.

Okay, so now I've got a task for you.

And I want you to match the following information about the nutrients, the fibre, and the water, which we've been learning about.

So just match them together using a line.

So good luck to you.

And remember, pause the video.

How did you get on? Let's have a look, shall we? So the first one is nutrients.

So which one does that link to? Yes, that's right.

Nutrients.

So they are carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals are needed for our health, aren't they? How about fibre? Yes, that's right.

It keeps our digestive system healthy.

And it's founding things like fruit, vegetables, beans, and legumes.

How about water? Yes, there's only one left, but you did well.

It's found food and drinks, and we need six to eight a day, and it's essential for our life.

Brilliant, well done.

Well, great work so far.

And here's the second task for you.

What I want you to do is to answer the following questions by Izzy, Alex, and Sofia.

So good luck to you.

Remember to pause the video, and we'll come back very soon to see how you've got on.

Okay, how did you get on? Well, let's have a look at some example responses together, shall we? So the first question was from Izzy, and it says, "Why should we follow the Eatwell Guide?" So how did you get on? Well, you may have put something like this.

Well, it's because different foods provide different nutrients, and we need a wide variety of different foods.

And the Eatwell Guide shows us the types and the proportions of foods to have.

Brilliant.

Well done.

Well, what about the question from Alex? "Should we have more fibre? Where from?" What did you put? Well, you may have put something like, yes, we all need to have more fibre, remember? And also it helps with our digestion.

Do you remember? It helps to have a healthy digestive system.

And also we can get fibre from fruit and vegetables as well as brown bread and brown rice too.

And very lastly, Sofia said, "Do we really need to drink water?" What did you put? Well, yes, water is essential for life, and it helps to regulate our temperature.

And also we need around six to eight drinks a day, or more when it's hot or we've been active too.

Well, well done.

You've done such a great job today.

I'm really proud of you.

Let's have a quick summary of what we've learned, shall we? Well, the first one is that the food and drinks are the body's source of energy.

And that we need energy to grow, be active, and maintain health too.

And people need different amounts of energy.

We've also covered that different types of food provide different amounts of energy, and that different activities use different amounts of energy too.

We've also learned that food and drinks contain different substances that are needed to keep us healthy: nutrients, fibre, and water.

And that the nutrients, fibre, and water all have certain functions or jobs to keep us healthy too.

Well, great work.

And I hope you really enjoyed learning about why we need energy and nutrients.

And I hope you come back very soon for another cooking and nutrition lesson with me.

Thanks a lot.

Bye.