Lesson video

Hello.

Thanks for choosing this lesson.

My name's Mr. Ballam, and this lesson is all around processing our food.

Let's get started, shall we? So what are we going to learn today? Well, by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to explain why and how our food is processed.

But before we get started, I've got three key words I want to go through with you.

The first one is the word processing, and this is a series of stages or steps in making a food, object or product.

The second word is large scale, and this is involving a lot of activity and people over a large area, often making many things.

And the last one is food waste.

And this is food that is thrown away or is lost from production to consumption.

Okay, well let's get started with the first part of the lesson all around food processing at home and in restaurants.

Now, food processing occurs after food production and food processing takes the food that has been produced and changes it into something that's edible and safe to eat.

So for example, washing and cooking potatoes, making cheese from milk or milling wheat into flour.

And food processing happens at different scales, from the home and restaurants up to factories too.

And you can see in the photo here, some of the initial stages of food processing are often completed outside the home.

And this is usually because these stages tend to be more difficult to do at home or it's to make it more convenient.

So for example, milling wheat into flour or perhaps making cheese from milk, or how about juicing apples for juice, or baking bread? And lastly, how about canning sweet corn so it lasts longer? So these are the types of things that are often done outside the home.

So it's easy for us to use.

Now, food processing is all the stages or steps in the preparation and cooking of a dish or a meal.

And food processing includes washing, peeling, and cutting fruit to making and baking bread.

And there are many different processing stages involved in making our food edible and safe to eat.

So this like Alex is saying here, "Let's explore how our food is processed." Now, before we do that, let's have a quick check for understanding, shall we? So true or false? Some of the initial stages in food processing is completed outside the home? Yes, that's true, isn't it? And why is that? Well, some stages are completed outside the home, such as milling wheat, making cheese, and canning vegetables.

Great work! Now, how is food processed? Well, one process is washing, and this is to help remove dirt, insects, and bacteria.

So you can see fruits and vegetables here being washed.

Another one is peeling, and this is to remove the skin of fruit or vegetables, or perhaps slicing.

And this is to cut into slices for cooking or perhaps eating, or perhaps grating.

And this is to cut into small pieces again for cooking or eating.

How about some more steps? Filleting, do you know what that means? Yes, that's right.

It's to remove the bones from fish.

How about deboning? I bet you can work that one out.

If you look at the word carefully, that's right, that's to remove the bones in meat.

How about deseeding? Yes, that's right.

It's to move the seeds in a pepper or perhaps a chilli.

Or how about shelling? Yes, that's right.

That's to remove the outer shell from nuts or perhaps even shellfish too.

So let's have a quick check, shall we? So which food processing here is filleting? A, B, C, or D? Yes, that's right.

It's B, isn't it? The photo in B is showing filleting, removing the bones from the fish.

Brilliant work.

Well done! So let's look at some more example, shall we? Another one is measuring.

And this is so we use the correct amount of ingredients.

How about mixing? What is so we thoroughly combine all the ingredients together.

How about kneading? What is mixing and stretching bread dough.

And then how about shaping? What is to make shapes for interest.

For example, different types of bread rolls.

Grilling or that's to cook food so it's safe to eat, such as fish, for example.

How about baking? So the food is edible like bread and cakes.

And chilling or this is to cool down the temperature of the food or to keep it cool for safety or perhaps help it set a bit like a jelly.

And lastly, freezing so we can help keep the food for longer.

So let's have another quick check, shall we? So which food processing stage is being shown here? A, B, C, or D? Look closely at the photo.

Yes, that's right.

It's B isn't it? Kneading, they're kneading bread dough.

Brilliant work.

Now, we might use many different food processing stages when we prepare and cook food.

So let's look at an example, shall we? So here I'm washing different fruits and vegetables.

Here, I'm peeling, I'm peeling a carrot here.

And then slicing.

I'm gonna slice of pepper.

And I'm going to mix them all together and I'm going to be stir frying them to make some delicious stir-fried vegetables.

So you can see here, I've used different food processing stages to create my final meal.

Let's look at another example, shall we? So here I'm measuring and I'm mixing all my ingredients together.

Hmm, I wonder what this could be.

Then I'm going to de dividing.

Can you guess what they're going to be yet? Yes, that's right.

And I'm gonna be baking them.

I'm making some muffins.

So again, these are different stages in food processing, from the very beginning, measuring, right the way through to the baking at the end.

So let's have another quick check for understanding, shall we? So true or false? We use food processing steps at home to prepare and cook food.

Yes, that's true, isn't it? Well, food processing steps are used at home to prepare and cook food, such as peeling, slicing, grating, mixing, and baking too.

Great work.

Well done! Now when we process food at home, some of it is wasted.

This might include things like the bones from fish and meat, the shells from nuts, or perhaps peelings from different types of vegetables.

And it might also include food that's past its date mark, past its best, or perhaps we've cooked too much.

And it's been estimated that around 60% of all food waste in the UK comes from a home and another 10% comes from restaurants.

That's a lot of food waste, isn't it? Now, how could we have less food waste at home? What would you say? Well, there are lots of different answers, aren't there? So for example, we could use the food before it goes off, before it's date mark, or perhaps we can only cook what we need, or perhaps we could store food properly or we could use leftovers for another meal.

There are lots of different ways that we can reduce our food waste.

I'm sure you come up with some great ideas too.

Okay, so I've got a task for you here.

What I want you to do is to list the different food processing stages you would use to make this cheese sandwich.

So think about how you'd make a cheese sandwich, look at the ingredients, and think about all the processing stages or the steps, the things you'd have to do to these ingredients to make a great cheese sandwich.

I'm sure you're gonna do really, really well.

So good luck.

Pause the video and we'll come back very soon to see how you got on.

Okay, so how did you get on? I bet you did well, didn't you? Well, let's look at an example together, shall we? So for the bread, we might slice the bread, first of all.

You may have already bought sliced bread, but I'm going to be slicing this from a wholemeal loaf.

How about the spread? Well, I'm gonna spread the spread.

So another food processing step or stage is spreading.

How about the cheddar cheese? Well, I could be grating it or perhaps I could slice it.

So again, different food processing stages.

How about the tomato? Well, I need to wash it, first of all, don't I? Do you remember to move any dirt, bacteria or perhaps any insects? And then I'm going to slice the tomato.

And then the cucumber, I'm gonna do exactly the same.

I'm going to be washing it and slicing it.

And at the very end, I've got some pickle.

I'm just gonna be spreading that pickle on my sandwich.

So these are all the different food processing stages I would take to make my cheese sandwich.

Plus, remember, I'm going to assemble it, I'm gonna put it all together and I'm probably going to slice it in half, so it's easy to eat.

Brilliant, well done.

You're doing really well today.

So let's move on to the second part of the lesson, which is all around food processing on a large scale.

Now food processed on a large scale provides food for many people.

Also is much more convenient for people and adds variety to the diet too.

And food is also processed outside the home 'cause it might be difficult to do or perhaps it needs special equipment, things like milling flour, perhaps making cheese, canning vegetables or drying fruit.

So these things can be done at home, but it's much more tricky to do.

So when we buy it, it's much more convenient for us.

And food is processed on a large scale to make it edible and safe to eat for many people.

And the end results include things like ingredients that could be eaten or used in cooking.

So things like milk, cheese, ham, flour, yoghourt, bread or curry paste, for example.

Or foods or full meals that can be used in cooking or just reheated.

So for example, canned baked beans, ready meals and salads, or perhaps frozen pizzas.

So let's have another quick check, shall we? So food is processed on a large scale because A, B, C, D? Well, that's right, A.

It helps to feed many people.

Anything else? Yes, well done.

It ensures that food is edible and safe to eat.

Anything else missing? Yes, well done.

I knew you'd get there.

It might be difficult to do at home.

Brilliant.

Well done! Now there are a number of stages or steps that are involved in processing ingredients that can be used or that food can be eaten.

And many of the food processing stages, pieces of equipment and cooking methods used in the home are used but on a much larger scale.

And there is also a team of people helping to prepare and cook the food, not just one person.

So let's explore how some foods are processed on a larger scale, shall we? So how is cheese processed or made from milk? Do you know the steps? Shall we have a look together? Well, first of all, the milk is warmed and the milk is warmed in large vats.

It's then curdling, that's another step.

And this is when rennet is added to curdle the milk into curds and whey.

The next stage is separating, and this is where the curds are removed and squeezed to remove the whey.

And lastly, maturing so the curds, which is now the cheese, are shaped and rested, and this makes it delicious to eat.

So all the way from warming the milk through to maturing the cheese, that's how milk is made into cheese.

How about how is bread processed or made from wheat? Well, first of all, we mill the wheat, and the wheat grains are milled into flour, basically they're ground up into little particles.

Then there's mixing.

So the flour, the yeast and water are mixed together and kneaded in large machines.

You can see them on the screen here.

We then shape them.

And here in a factory, they're shaping the bread into bread rolls.

You can see them on the conveyor belt here.

And then they're baked in large ovens.

And then they're baked, they're cooled, and they're packaged for us to eat.

So let's have a quick check, shall we? So wheat grains are, missing word, what is it, into flour.

So it's A, B, C, or D? Yes, well done.

It's C, milled.

They're milled into flour.

Brilliant, well done.

So let's have a look at how crisps are processed or made from potatoes.

But the first step is washing, but also peeling.

The potatoes are washed and peeled.

And this helps to remove any dirt, insects, and bacteria too.

Then all the potatoes are sliced and the potatoes are thinly sliced.

You can see them on the screen here.

Then they're fried.

You can see they're frying here.

Look at all those crisps.

That's a very large fryer, isn't it? And the potato slices are fried in very hot oil.

And then packaging.

Flavour is added to the crisps.

And then all the crisps are put in packets for us to eat.

So here's the story right away from washing and peeling through to packing.

How about a ready meal? How is that processed or made? Well, first of all, there's lots of different ingredients which are prepared.

So lots of preparation.

So this might be washing, for example, peeling and cutting too.

The next one is cooking, and it really depends on the type of ready meal.

But here large vats are, example, cooking a pasta sauce, for example.

And ingredients are cooked in large vats or big ovens too.

And then once the food is cooked, it's cooled down.

You can see here the food is cooled down into little containers and the food is chilled, making it safe to eat as the bacteria grows slower.

And lastly, packaging and the food is packed, ready to be sent to the shops.

So all the food here in the ready meal is processed.

It starts off as the raw ingredients, for example, fruits and vegetables and flour and (indistinct) of rice.

Then it's cooked, then it's put together, assembled into the little trays, it's cooled down so it's safe to eat and packed for us and sent to the shops.

Okay, another quick check.

So which stages below show potatoes being processed into crisps? Yes, that's right, A.

Anything else? Yes, D.

Well done.

So let's have a look at how orange juice is processed or made from oranges.

Well, first of all, all the oranges are sorted and they're sorted into different sizes.

The next step is washing.

So all the oranges are washed, then juicing.

So the oranges are juiced, and then the juice is then heated to kill any bacteria.

And lastly, packing and the juices put into bottles or cartons, ready for us to drink.

How about fish fingers? How are they processed or made from fish? Well, first of all, there's lots of preparing.

So for example, the fish is filleted and then cut into fingers, then coating.

So the fish fingers are covered in breadcrumbs.

Then there's a freezing step and the fingers are, first of all, fried, so the breadcrumbs stick to the outside of the fish and then they're frozen.

So they last longer and they're safer for us to eat at a later date.

And then packaging.

The fish fingers are then packed into boxes and then sent to the shops.

So that's how fish fingers are processed or made from fish.

Now as at home, when food is processed on a large scale, some of it is unfortunately wasted, and it's estimated about 30% of food wasted in the UK is from food production, processing and retail.

But work is underway to reduce the amount of food waste as it helps to save money and it's better for the environment too.

So I've got a task for you here, and what I want you to do is to answer the questions from these pupils.

So Laura, "Why is food processed on a large scale?" Hmm? What would you put? One, how is cheese processed or made from milk? Hmm.

I think we've seen that one, haven't we? And last one from Izzy, "Why are potatoes washed, food chilled and juice heated?" Hmm, I have to think about that one.

Well, good luck to you.

I'm sure you do really well answering these questions and we'll come back very soon to see how you've got on.

Good luck.

Remember to pause the video.

Okay, how did you get on? I bet you did brilliantly, didn't you? I know you did.

Let's have a look at an example answer, shall we? So let's at Laura's question, first of all.

So "why is food process on a large scale?" What did you put? Something like this? Well, it's provide food for lots of people.

It's convenience.

So it's convenience to people too.

It also adds variety to the diet.

And it might be tricky to do at home, for example, like milling wheat for example.

How about the next one, "How is cheese processed or made from milk?" Do you remember the stages? Well, that's right.

First of all, the milk is warmed in large baths, and then rennet is added, which curdles the milk, making curds and whey.

Then the curds are removed and the water is squeezed out.

And then the curds, which is now the cheese, is shaped and rested and that's how cheese is processed from milk.

And lastly, Izzy's question, "why are potatoes washed, food chilled and juice heated?" Hmm, that's a more tricky one, that one.

What did you put? Perhaps something like this? Is to make the food safe to eat.

Do you remember? So for example, washing removes dirt, insects and bacteria.

Chilling keeps the food safe as the bacteria grows slower and the juice is heated to help keep it safe as the bacteria is killed.

Well, brilliant work.

You done really well and I hope you really enjoyed that task today and this part of the lesson.

And that's the end of the lesson now.

I think you've done fantastic today and I hope you enjoyed learning around processing our food.

Let's have a quick summary about what we've learned today, shall we? Well, first of all, food processing takes food that has been processed and changes it into something that's edible and safe to eat.

Also, food processing happens at different scales.

So from the home and restaurants, which is sometimes called small scale, to factories, large scale.

We also learned that food processing is all the stages or steps in the preparation and cooking of a dish or a meal.

Do you remember the same at home or in a large scale factory too.

And food is processed on a large scale to make it edible and safe to eat for many people.

And lastly, it's been estimated that around 60% of all food waste comes from homes in the UK and around 40% from the production and food processing too.

So there's a lot that we could do at home to reduce food waste.

Well, well done.

I think you've done brilliantly today and hope you enjoyed learning about processing our food and how the food we eat is made.

Great work and I hope you come back very soon for another cooking and nutrition lesson with me.

Thanks a lot.

Bye!.