Hi, everyone, I'm Mrs. Courts and I'm very pleased to join you for today's lesson on Reinforcing bridge structures.

This is part of the Frame structures: Bridges unit.

In our lesson today, our outcome is: I can add strength to reusable materials to create a structure.

To do this, we've got four keywords.

I'll say them first and then you repeat them after me.

Super.

Structure.

Structure.

Super.

A structure is something that is made for a purpose, something that is formed and holds its shape.

Joining techniques.

Joining techniques.

Super.

Joining techniques are ways to join two things together correctly.

Reinforcing.

Reinforcing, Super.

Reinforcing is to strengthen or support an object or structure.

And shell structure.

Shell structure.

Super, shell structure's a hollow structure with a thin outer covering.

Well done, everyone.

In our lesson today of reinforcing bridge structures, we've got two parts, two learning cycles, and our first part is using recycled materials to build structures.

In your design specification, you need to consider: the users.

The users of the bridge are the three billy goats.

Can you see them? There's the little billy goat.

The middle-sized billy goat and the big billy goat.

The purpose? Well, the purpose of building the bridge is to help the goats cross the water to reach the nice, green grass on the other side.

Do you remember who was under the bridge? (gasps) That's right, the troll.

So they want to get safely across.

To design and make the bridge that can support each of the goats you need to choose the right materials.

Laura says, "What is a material?" That's a good question, Laura.

I wonder if anyone knows what a material is.

Andeep says, "A material is what something is made from." Give Andeep a thumbs up if you agree with him.

Well done, Andeep.

That's excellent.

A bridge is a structure.

A structure is something that is made for a purpose.

Something that is formed and holds its shape.

The bridge structure needs to be: "Strong, so it'll take the goats or people walking across it," said Andeep.

"Sturdy, so it would not bend or change shape," said Laura.

"And freestanding so it will not fall over," said Sofia.

So these are the needs of the bridge, the bridge structure.

We are ready for our next check for understanding.

Are you ready? Super.

A bridge structure needs to be.

A: strong, B: tall, C: little, or D: freestanding? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So a bridge structure needs to be strong and freestanding.

Well done, everyone.

Bridges are often made using different types of structures.

Andeep says, "This is a shell structure." Laura says, "This is brick bonding." And Sofia says, "Triangle structures." This bridge is designed and made using lots of different shapes.

What shapes can you see? Which shapes could you use in your bridge? Long cylinders, some diamonds, cuboids.

Which shapes could you use in your bridge? Recyclable materials are good to use for a mock-up of a bridge, and these 3D shapes are a good way to create structures.

Here's a cube, you might use cuboids, cylinders, spheres.

However, spheres can be difficult to join to other shapes.

Card and paper are good materials to make a structure, and it can be folded in different ways to make different effects and to make different shapes.

Here are some cut and shaped pieces of card and straws.

And here are some curved card pieces and cut pieces of card.

To fold paper and card neatly, you can use a ruler to help you.

First put the ruler along the line that you want to fold.

Number two, fold the card over the ruler, pushing down along the fold.

And number three, smooth along the fold line and remove the ruler.

You may want to smooth again along that fold line after.

We are ready for our next check for understanding now.

Hope you're listening.

Super.

What can you use to help you to fold card? A: a ruler, B: a rubber, or C: a pencil? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So what can you use to help you to fold card? Well done.

It is a ruler.

Well done, everyone.

We are ready for our first task now, Task A.

So use a ruler to practise folding paper and card carefully.

Remember, first put your ruler along the line you are going to fold, then fold the card over the ruler and push down along that fold.

And finally smooth along the fold line, remove the ruler and you may want to smooth along that fold line again.

Well done, everyone.

Pause the video now and have a go at Task A.

Welcome back.

So by now you should have completed Task A, used a ruler to practise folding paper and card carefully.

Well done, everyone.

Laura said, "That is a very quick way to fold the card." Andeep said, "I found it quite difficult at first, but after a lot of practise, I was able to fold the card carefully.

I realised it's important to work slowly, be patient and fold the card carefully." Well done Andeep.

Good advice there.

So remember to work slowly, be patient, fold the card carefully and you'll be more accurate.

Well done, everyone.

We are ready for our second learning cycle now and we are moving on to reinforcing structures.

Paper and card comes from trees and therefore it's always a good idea to recycle and reuse paper and card.

For example, we can reuse packaging to make a model bridge.

To make the bridge strong, freestanding and sturdy, we might need to reinforce it.

Laura says, "What does reinforce mean? Andeep says, "Reinforce means to make something stronger." Well done, Andeep.

We're ready for our next check for understanding.

Hope you're listening.

Super.

So to reinforce means to make something.

A: smaller, B: stronger, or C: longer? Pause the video now and have a little think.

Welcome back.

So to reinforce means to make something.

(gasps) that's right, stronger.

So to reinforce means to make something stronger.

Well done, everyone.

We can reinforce by adding a wider base to help recyclable materials such as boxes and tubes to stay upright, we can add this wider base.

Can you see in the picture? We can reinforce structures by using triangle shapes.

Triangles are strong shapes and adding them to structures helps make them even stronger.

You can cut cardboard triangles using scissors.

You can make triangle shapes using art straws, as you can see in the picture.

Or you can use triangle shapes to reinforce to make things stronger.

And they also look quite nice for decoration.

You can make your own triangle shapes using art straws, or use a template.

First, get a template and put PVA on the lines on the template.

Then place the straws on top of the template.

You might need to cut some of the straws down to size.

It might be worth measuring them out before you start using the glue.

And then leave to dry and cut out the template with scissors.

We're ready for our next check for understanding.

Are you ready? Super.

This is a true or false question.

A triangle shape is a strong shape.

Is that true or false? Pause the video now and have little think.

Welcome back.

So true or false: a triangle shape's a strong shape is true.

Well done, everyone.

Why is it true? Super.

Triangles are strong shapes that can be used in lots of structures, like bridges.

We can also reinforce using thicker card.

We can use thicker card to make structures stronger.

Card with layers is called corrugated card and is often found in sturdy cardboard boxes.

Can you see the picture of the corrugated card? You might recognise it.

Next time you open a box, see if it's got any corrugated card.

Thicker card can be used to reinforce.

Knowing how to join and reinforce materials helps keep your bridge strong and stable.

Here are some ways to join materials.

You might use a glue stick, masking tape, staples or sticky tape.

The PVA and double-sided tape are difficult to use within projects.

The double-sided tape is difficult to peel the backing off and tricky to use.

And the PVA glue can be quite messy.

So use a small amount at a time.

We are now ready for Task B and I'd like you to practise the following: Joining recyclable materials together, making the base for a tower wider, adding extra strength using card pieces, making strong triangle shapes, joining them together using shell structures such as straws.

Pause the video now and have a go at Task B.

Welcome back.

Well, by now you should have completed Task B.

Joined recycled materials together.

Made the base of a tower wider, added extra strength using card pieces and made strong triangle shapes as well.

Well done, everyone.

Well, the class practised joining different materials using different joining techniques.

Sam and Alex explored a range of joining techniques and then created the beginning of a bridge structure.

They had a of fun, but realised the PVA glue was quite messy.

They realised that by putting the glue on the backing paper, this made the triangle structures much easier to make.

Well done, Sam and Alex.

Great teamwork.

We've reached the end of our lesson for today on reinforcing bridge structures, and I wonder how you got on.

Can you show me a thumbs up if you feel you've met these learning points? Paper and card can be folded in different ways to form structures.

Super.

Folded triangle shapes are strong.

Brilliant.

And a ruler can fold paper and card neatly and accurately to increase strength.

Wonderful.

Well, thank you for all of your hard work and I'll see you again soon.