Lesson video

Hello and welcome to today's design and technology lesson.

My name's Mrs. Fletcher, and I'm here to help and guide you through this lesson today.

Today's lesson is called Fabric Patterns and it's part of the Textile Pattern Pieces, Hats and Caps unit.

In this lesson, we'll be looking at the different ways that hats can be made and how we can use this information to help us plan the way we can make our own hat designs.

So let's have a look at what we'll be learning about today.

The outcome of today's lesson is I can identify pattern pieces in complex nets.

So that means after looking at the different ways that hats can be constructed and looking at the different shapes and sizes of pattern pieces you might need, we can work out the exact shape and size of pattern pieces that we will need for our own hat designs.

There are some key words and phrases that we'll see in today's lesson, so let's have a look at those together before we get started.

So first of all, we've got that word pattern.

Can you repeat that after me? Pattern.

Well done.

And a pattern is a paper shape that shows you how to cut fabric into the right shape and size to make product.

Then we've got the word net.

Can you repeat that? Net.

Well done.

And a net is the flat, opened-out view of a 3D object.

So it's the way that we can see how a 3D object is put together.

Then we've got the word diagram.

Can you repeat that? Diagram.

Well done.

And a diagram is a simplified drawing that shows information about something.

And then finally we've got the word assembly.

Can you repeat that? Assembly.

Well done, and assembly means bringing separate parts together to make one whole.

It's putting something together.

So now we've got the words we will need.

Let's have a look at how the lesson will be broken down today.

So the lesson is going to be split into two parts today.

First of all, we're going to be looking at general hat design and how hats are made, and then we'll be looking specifically at hat structure and the types of pattern pieces and shapes that we would need in order to make our own hats.

So let's get started by looking at hat design.

Hats come in lots and lots of different styles.

Baseball cap, visor, fez, top hat, beret, straw hat, bucket hats, cowboy hats.

You might be able to think of lots of other examples as well.

All of those are very different in their style.

But they all have something in common.

They're made up of three main parts.

The crown, which is the top of the hat, a side panel or band, which is what gives the hat the structure or height, and then a brim or peak.

A brim or peak, sometimes known as a visor, extends out from the hat to shield the face and neck from the sun or sometimes from the rain.

So here we can see the peak or visor on a baseball cap.

And here we can see hats that have a brim, and typically a brim extends all the way around the outside of a hat, whereas a peak or visor is usually just at the front.

A hat doesn't have to have all of those parts.

For example, a kulfi has a crown which is the top of the hat and a side band which goes all the way around, but there's no brim on that style of hat.

A baseball cap has side panels and a peak, but those side panels form the crown so there's no separate crown.

And a visor has a band that goes all the way around the edge and a peak at the front, but there's no crown at all on that type of hat.

Quick check then before we move on.

What is the purpose of a brim or peak on a hat? Is it to protect the top of the head? Is it to add support for a tall hat, for example? Or is it to shield the face and neck from the weather? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said it was to shield the face and neck.

Exactly, a brim extends out from the hat, a peak extends out from the front of the hat in order to protect the face and neck from sun or rain.

Well done if you got that right.

Now some hats are made in one piece, and they're molded into shape using special tools or machines.

So you can see here this is a hat molding machine where one piece of fabric, or felt in this case, is molded into the shape of the hat.

Some hats are made slightly differently.

They're made by assembling, so remember that word means putting together separate parts, assembling those separate pieces together.

And the shape of the pieces that you put together depends on the style of hat that you're making.

Designers must make a pattern to help them cut the fabric into the correct shapes that they will need to make each hat style.

Some hats are made from very different shapes.

So we've got this type of hat, which is a kind of tall top hat style.

The pattern that you would need for that would be a circular brim, a circular crown, and a long rectangular side panel.

So that's what the pattern pieces you would need for that type of hat.

Some hats only have a few pieces that a joined to make the style.

So if you look at this beret style hat here, the pattern pieces you need for this is a large crown section and a circular band which attaches to it.

So only those two pieces, and once they're joined together, they make that shape of the beret.

Some hats have a little bit more complex, they have more parts to assemble together.

So if you think, for example, of a baseball cap, so you can see the inside view of a baseball cap here shows us how it's been assembled.

There are six panels usually on a baseball cap, and they're joined together to form the crown.

And there the pattern pieces there, you can see six identical pieces.

And then a peak or a visor is added on as well.

So there's seven different pieces there that form the shape of the baseball cap.

Additional parts can then even be added to strengthen the hat or to allow the hat to be adjusted.

So there could be other things added on as well as those basic parts we see there.

Hats could have the same parts but different pattern shapes.

So for example, these two hats both have a brim, they both have the say a similar shape side panel and they both have a crown, but the pattern pieces that are used to make them are slightly different.

So we see the brim, side panel and crown for that top hat are slightly different to the brim, side panel and crown of the bucket hat style.

And that's to give it a slightly different shape once it's been assembled.

So the parts are the same, but they're a slightly different shape so that they look different when they're assembled.

So there's more of a curve to the brim and side panel of the bucket hat than there is to that tall top hat style there.

Quick check then before we move on, which style of hats would be made using this pattern? Six identical pieces and a brim or a visor? Would it be a beret, would it be a baseball cap, or would it be a bucket hat? Pause a video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said baseball cap, exactly.

We could see from that inside view earlier on at the baseball cap where those side panels all come together to make the crown.

And then we have that visor or peak at the front.

Well done if you got that right.

Looking carefully at existing hats can help us to see the shapes that we use to make them.

So by looking at hats that have already been made, we can see how they were made.

And we can look for clues, so by looking for the seams, which are the joins where the patent pieces were joined together can help us to see which shapes were joined together so we can see quite clearly the shapes that were used.

So that leads us onto the task in this first part of the lesson.

You are going to have a look at a selection of different types of hats.

And you're going to look for the shapes you can see that we use to make them.

And the top tip is to look for those joins between the shapes which will help you work out what the shape was before it was joined to another shape.

So you need to look very carefully.

Some hats might be quite similar, some might be very different.

Pause the video while you complete that task and come back when you're done.

Welcome back.

How did you get on? Well, just like you, Alex and Jun have been looking at some different styles of hats, and they spotted some different shapes that had been used to make them.

So Alex there is looking at the baseball cap and he says that the side panels on the baseball cap were a triangular shape.

And then Jun has been looking at a straw hats, kind of a summer hat there with a large brim.

And he's noticed that the brim on the straw hat is made from a circle shape.

So by looking carefully at those different parts of the hat, we can see the shapes that have been used to make them.

Well done if you manage to complete that task.

So now it's time to move on to the second part of the lesson where we'll be looking at how the hats are made up of those different parts and how it can help us to work out the parts we will need for our own hat designs.

The first step when it comes to making a hat is to work out those pattern shapes that we will need.

You can draw a net diagram to help us work out the shapes that we will need for our hat design.

And if you remember, the net was the flat, opened-out view of a 3D object.

So you can see here a 3D object, like a cube, if it's opened out so we can see all the sides flat in a 2D view, then we can see all the shapes that are used to make that.

So a cube is made of six square faces, which, if we open them out, looks like that image there on the screen.

A net diagram for a brimless hat might look like this.

So we can see this fez type hat here has got a circular crown and it's got a band that goes all the way around the side.

So if we actually open that up into a net, we could see the circle and the large rectangle that makes that side panel.

That net for the fez hat is actually quite similar to the net you might see if we looked at the net of a cylinder, and that can help us when we are planning out our hat designs.

We can look for nets that we already know from similar shapes to our hat design.

Your hat design will be based on the pattern from one of three basic styles.

So you will either be basing it on a baseball cap, you'll be basing it on a brimmed hat, so something like those that we've seen there.

Or you'll be basing it on a brimless hat, so a similar shape but without the brim around the edge.

You can adapt the size and shape of any of those pattern pieces, any of those hat styles to suit your design.

So it doesn't have to look exactly like those, but you'll be basing it on the pattern pieces that make those three styles of hats.

So if you're going to base your design around a baseball cap, so if you look at that as a 3D shape there, the net for a baseball cap looks a little bit like this.

We've got the six panels which form that band and crown around the head.

And then we've got the shape of the visor at the front of the hat, which means you're going to need pattern pieces to cut those two different shapes.

So we've got the shape of the side panel, which is kind of the triangular shape.

We'll need six of those, and we'll need the shape of the peak or visor.

We'll just need one of those.

So you'll have seven pieces in all, but they'll be made from those two shapes.

If you choose to make a brimless hat, so that's a hat with no brim, which will look a little bit like this as a 3D shape, the net for that is going to look like this.

So we've got a circular shape which will form the crown and a rectangle which will form the band around the edge.

So the pattern pieces we will need in order to make that will be a rectangular side panel and a circular crown.

So those two pieces will form that style of hat.

If you want to go for a hat with a brim, which will look a little bit like that, then the net for that looks slightly different.

We've got the circular crown, we've got the rectangular band, just the same as the brimless hat, but then you will need that circular shape of the brim to attach as well.

So the pattern pieces you're going to need to make for that will be a rectangular side panel, a circular crown, and a circle with a central part taken out to make that brim shape as well.

So we need three pattern pieces in order to make a brimmed hat.

Quick check then before we move on, which pattern would you use to make a brimless hat? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said C, exactly.

There's a crown and there's a side panel, but there's no pattern piece for a brim on there.

So that would make a brimless hat.

Well done if you got that right.

Now you can use the pattern to work out how the hat will be assembled.

So if we take the baseball cap as an example again, we've got those six side panels and we know they need to be assembled to make that crown shape around the head.

So we can look at how they will fit together to make that shape.

And we know that that peak or visor will be fitted to the front of the hat, so we can have a look at where on the pattern pieces that will join as well.

So we can use those pieces to work out exactly how to join them together.

What does that word assemble mean? I've used it a few times in this lesson, but what does it mean? Does it mean take apart? Does it mean put together? Does it mean draw? Or does it mean cut out? What do I mean when I say assemble? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said put together, exactly.

Assembling something means putting the separate parts together to form one unit.

Well done if you got that right.

So that leads us to the second task in this lesson, and this is where you'll need to think about the hat that you are going to make.

So first of all, consider the style of hat that you want to make.

Think about what parts are you going to need.

Are you going to need a crown? Does it have a side panel or a band? Does it have a peak or a brim that extends out from that hat? Think about the style of hat you're making and decide which of those parts you will need.

Once you've decided that, you can sketch out the net diagram to show the parts of your hat design.

So if you're deciding to make a hat in the style of a baseball cap, then you will sketch out those six side panels that join together in a circular fashion and the visor that will join on the edge as well.

If you're doing a brimless hat, you'll just have the crown circular part and the rectangular part.

If you're doing the brimmed hat, then you'll have the circular crown, the rectangle side panel, and another circular shape for the brim.

So you're just sketching out the net.

Don't worry about the size and the proportion at the moment.

You just need to think about which shapes you need to make the style of hat that you are making.

Pause the video while you complete that task and come back when you're done.

Welcome back.

So for the last part of this task, I would like you to use that net diagram that you've worked out, those shapes that you've worked out, to sketch out the pattern that you're going to need.

So these are the exact shapes that you're going to use to make your hat.

They do not need to be at the correct size at the moment.

You just need to think about which pattern pieces you need.

So if you think about the baseball cap style, you will have drawn for your net six triangular pieces and a peak or visor.

But you will only need to draw two pattern pieces in order to make all those shapes.

You need one triangular piece to make all of the side panels and you need one shape of a peak to make that front peak that will go in the hat as well.

So you're not drawing every shape again.

You're just deciding which pattern pieces you will need to make each of the shapes on that hat.

And you'll only need one, even if there's more than one of them on your hat.

Pause the video while you complete that task and come back when you're done.

Welcome back.

How did you get on? Well, Jacob is designing a large-brimmed floppy hat for Sophia, and he decided that the hat will have a crown, a side panel, and a brim that would would be what he needed to make that style of hat.

First he drew a net diagram.

So you can see there in that first diagram, he's drawn that central crown surrounded by a curved side panel.

So he's gone with the curved type of bucket hat shape, and then he's got those curved pieces that will make the brim as well.

So he is opened out flat that type of bucket hat style shape.

And then for the second part, he used that net diagram to work out the pattern he would need.

So he is worked out that he would need a crown shape.

He would need two side panels, so that would mean he would need one of those shapes to make those, and he was going to need two pieces for the brim.

So he would need one of those patterns in order to make those two pieces of the brim.

So he is worked out the exact shapes he will need.

Well done if you manage to complete that task.

You should have now an idea of how you're going to build the type of hat you want to make.

We are at the end of this lesson for today.

We've had fun today looking at the different types of hats, how they are made and how that information can help us to plan a hat that we can make in the future.

We've learned that caps and hats are made using different patterns.

That's the pieces that would be used to cut the fabric.

We've learn that diagrams of hats and caps can show the order of assembly of the different parts, so we can see how to put it together by drawing those different parts.

And we've learned that net diagrams are a good way to show how hats and caps use those different pattern pieces to build the shape of the hats.

Thank you for joining me for this lesson today.

I hope to see you again in the future.

Goodbye for now.