Hello and welcome to today's design and technology lesson.

My name is Mrs. Fletcher, and I'm really pleased that you've decided to join me today.

Today's lesson is called Develop and Finish an Accessible Product, and it's part of the Combining Fabrics: Accessible Textiles unit.

In this lesson, we'll get to see how we can finish our textile product by using different techniques to personalise and decorate our products.

Let's have a look at what we'll be learning about today.

The outcome of today's lesson is I can personalise a fabric product using stitching techniques and applique.

So in this lesson, we'll be looking at the different types of stitching techniques we could use to individualise and personalise our textile products.

And we'll also be looking at how applique can be used to decorate a textile product as well.

There are some key words and phrases that we're going to need in today's lesson, so let's have a look at those together before we start.

First of all, we have the word "decorative".

Can you repeat that after me? Decorative.

Well done.

And that means any details that are added to our textile product just for their visual appeals.

That's just for the way they look to make something look nice.

Then we have the word "personalise".

Can you repeat that? Personalise.

Well done.

And this means to make something suitable for an individual, so it's to add extra details that make it just right for the person who's going to use it.

Then we have the words "chain stitch".

Can you repeat that? Chain stitch.

Well done.

And a chain stitch is a decorative stitching technique where we use a series of looped stitches that are joined together like a chain.

And we'll also be looking at how to do that as well in today's lesson.

And finally, we have the word "applique".

Can you repeat that? Applique.

Well done.

And applique is a technique where we glue or sew fabric shapes or designs onto another piece of fabric.

Again, that's something we might be using in today's lesson.

Today's lesson is broken down into two parts.

First of all, we're going to have a look at developing our stitching techniques for decorative purposes.

So it's looking at the types of stitches we can use to add decoration to really personalise our textile products.

And then we'll be moving on to looking at applying other decorative techniques such as applique.

So let's get started with developing our stitching for decorative purposes.

Embroidery is a technique that uses different stitches to create patterns and shapes that are for decoration.

So here we can see a simple shape outline can be made using a running stitch, so using that to decorate a clothing product there.

More complex designs can be made by using different types of stitches combined together.

Vertical, horizontal, and diagonal stitches can be combined to create more complex patterns, so trickier patterns with more detail.

And we can do this by carefully considering where each stitch starts and ends.

So here you can see some different type of stitch patterns.

They all use the same simple stitch that we would use for a running stitch, but by thinking about where we start and end those stitches, we can create different patterns.

If the stitch ends and starts in the same place each time, we can repeat that pattern as we go along.

For example, look at this stitch here.

If we start stitch one here at the start, but we end it slightly on a diagonal at the end there, and we repeat that stitch for stitch two, the same diagonal starts and finish to that stitch, we create a diagonal pattern using our stitches.

And this can repeat it for any type of pattern that we want to create.

Quick check before we move on then.

Which of these images shows an embroidery technique? Is it A, B, or C? Which one shows an embroidery technique? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said A.

So we can see some cross stitches that have been used and a decorative blanket stitch has been used around the edge of that product as well.

Well done if you got that right.

Cross stitch is a decorative technique that we've just seen there in that example that's used to add decoration and personalised details to fabric products.

Cross stitch can also be used to create patterns, shapes, and even letters.

Each individual stitch forms a cross shape, and these cross stitches can be arranged in different ways to create larger designs.

So the stitches combined make the different types of shapes.

Let's have a look at how to create individual cross stitches by watching this video together.

So we begin this stitch by pushing through the needle through from the back of the fabric and making sure it's secure.

Then we push the needle back through on a diagonal.

So we're creating a diagonal stitch.

Then we come back through from the back to create the opposite diagonal.

So you're going above where you went in on that diagonal, first diagonal stitch, crossing over your first diagonal stitch, and creating a hole underneath that first stitch.

So you create two diagonal stitches that cross over each other.

So repeat that.

We come from the back, pull the thread through, then create a diagonal stitch going down from the top left to the bottom right.

Pull that thread all the way through.

Then come back through in the top right of your stitch.

And you're going to create another diagonal going backwards across the first stitch that you made to create that cross shape.

So let's have a look then how we can use that cross stitch technique to make letters to personalise our textile product.

Well, first of all, you need to plan out the letters that you're going to use.

And these could be the initials of the person who this product is for, or it could be a short word.

And it's best to use capital letters because they have more straight lines, which makes it easier to stitch along, especially when you're just learning this technique.

Once you've planned out the letters, you need to mark those letters onto the fabric you're going to be sewing onto.

And it's best to use something like chalk that can be removed afterwards when you've finished.

And then you need to very carefully stitch along those lines that you've marked out to create the letters that you have planned.

And each individual stitch will sit next to another stitch in order to create that pattern.

A chain stitch is a different type of decorative stitch that forms a series of linked loops that look like a chain.

Here you can see an example of what it looks like.

Let's have a look at how we would create this stitch in the video.

A chain stitch can look complicated, but it's made by repeating the same stitches over and over again.

So we start by pulling the thread through from the back of the fabric, and then we put the needle back through the same hole and pull it through.

And we don't pull it through all the way, we leave a loop sticking out in the front.

Then we come back through from the back and we push up through that loop as large as we want the stitch to be, and that links that loop to the next stitch.

Again, we go back through the same hole that we've just come up, we don't pull all the way through, we leave a loop, and that's gonna create the next stitch.

So when we come back up through the back, we go through that loop, and that will trap the loop to create the next chain.

We repeat by going back through that same hole we just came up, pull through, but leave a loop.

Come back from the back, up through that loop, trapping that loop into a next chain.

Repeat, go through the same hole we created.

Pull through to create a loop.

Come back from the back through that loop to trap it, making sure the stitch is the same size each time.

Trap the loop to create the next stitch.

Go back through the hole again.

Leave a loop.

Come back from the back, up through the loop, creating that final stitch.

Now to finish, we go back through on the opposite side of the loop.

So we trap the edge of that loop to finish.

And there we have the chain stitch.

So let's have a look at those steps again to recap how to do that chain stitch.

So first of all, you need to push that needle through from the back of the fabric and return it back through the same hole.

But you need to make sure you don't pull it all the way through, and that you leave a loop on the top of the fabric.

Once you've done that, you need to push the needle back through from the back again, a stitch length away from that first hole that you made.

So you can make small chain stitches or large chain stitches, but you need to make sure you position the needle the correct distance away for the size of stitch that you want.

Push it back through from the back of the fabric, making sure that that needle passes through the loop that you left in step one.

Then you need to pull the thread all the way through to form the stitch so that new stitch will trap the loop that you made in the first stitch.

Then finally, you need to return the needle back through the hole, the very last hole that you made, and repeat those stitches again.

So each time, you're going to push the needle back through the hole, leaving a loop in the thread.

Then you're going to come back to the front of the fabric from the back, making sure it's moved away from that first stitch, passed the needle through the loop that you created and left in the last stitch, and then pull that thread tight to trap that loop, which is what creates that chain stitch.

Quick check then before we move on.

Which stitch type is a series of linked loops? Was it the cross stitch, the running stitch, or the chain stitch? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done.

Of course it was the chain stitch.

So we're trapping those loops to create that linked series of loops to create the chain.

Well done if you got that right.

Time for a task then.

In this first part of the lesson, you are going to practise your stitching techniques.

So first of all, you're going to get a piece of scrap fabric, and it's best to practise on a piece of scrap fabric before you try sewing onto your finished textile product.

First of all, you're going to practise sewing using the cross stitch.

So you might want to go back to the video and have a look at how to do that if it's not something you already know how to do.

And then you're going to complete one run.

So that's one line of stitches in that scrap fabric.

If you're quite happy with your cross stitch technique and you want a challenge, then you could try forming a letter.

So it could be one of your initials or just a random letter to see if you can use the cross stitches to create a different type of pattern or design.

Once you've done that, you're going to do the same thing with the chain stitch.

So again, you might want to go back and have a look at the video to see how to complete a chain stitch, but you're going to practise by doing one run, one line of chain stitches in your scrap fabric.

And again, if you're quite happy with your technique and you know how to do it, then you can have a challenge, you can challenge yourself by trying to sew a curved line using chain stitches.

See if you can do that as well.

So quite a lot to do there.

Pause the video while you have a go at those two stitches and come back when you're done.

Welcome back.

How did you get on? Well, Laura here has been practising her cross stitch and chain stitches.

First of all, she did a run of cross stitch in a straight line.

Then she had a go at creating a run of chain stitch as well.

So that's what that looks like on her scrap fabric.

Then she challenged herself and had a go at creating a letter using those cross stitches.

So she made the letter L for Laura using those cross stitch, that cross stitch technique.

And then she had a go at creating a curved line using that chain stitch.

So it's just about the placement of your needle when you bring the needle in and out of the fabric can change the direction of the stitch that you are making.

So well done if you managed to practise that technique, just like Laura, and you're ready to move on to the next part of the lesson.

So the second part of this lesson is where we get to look at applying some different types of decorative techniques.

We've seen already how embroidery, which is those decorative stitches that we've seen, can be used to personalise a product, so really make it individual to the person we are making it for.

But you can also use some different techniques such as applique and even painting using fabric pens and paints.

Applique is a technique that involves glueing or sewing fabric shapes or designs onto another fabric surface.

So you can see here how the individual petals or parts of this flower have been cut out using different types of fabrics, and then in this case they've been sewn into place around the edge of each shape that can also be glued into place as well.

So let's have a look at the steps to using that applique technique.

So first of all, it's a good idea to sketch out your design or pattern onto a piece of paper, and this will help you plan out how many pieces you need, the size of the pieces you'll need, and where they're going to be positioned before you start.

Next, separate pieces of fabric can be cut into different shapes that make up that design.

You could use the same fabric for each one, you can use different fabrics as well.

And then finally, those separate pieces can be glued or stitched into place following the design that you sketched on your paper onto that final textile product to complete your applique design.

There's different ways that you can stitch those separate fabric pieces together to form that design.

The easiest way to do it is to use a simple running stitch and to sew all around the edge of each individual shape.

If you are quite good with your stitching techniques and you want a little bit of a challenge, then a trickier method you could use is to use vertical stitches.

So these types of stitches go from the fabric piece to the base piece in and out in vertical instead of the running stitch.

And if you are really confident with your sewing techniques, you could try the trickiest method, which would be using something like a decorative chain stitch to follow around the edge of each of those fabric pieces.

So you'll need to change the direction that you are going with your stitches in order to follow the edge of the fabric.

So that's a trickier method, but can look very effective if you can do that well.

Quick check then before we move on.

What is applique? Is it a type of decorative stitch? Is it a type of paint? Or is it fabric shapes and designs put onto a product? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said it's those fabric shapes and designs that are glued or stitched onto another piece of fabric.

Fabric paint is another method we could use to personalise and decorate our textile products.

And it can allow you to add patterns and details to a textile product in the same way that you would paint or draw on paper.

So if you think about how you might draw something like a flower on paper, you can do the same thing just onto a textile product.

Laura here is reminding us that you need to make sure you protect your clothing if you are going to use fabric paints or pens.

And that's because they're designed to colour and stain fabric so they can be very difficult to wash off of your clothes if you accidentally get it on there.

First of all, if you're using this technique, a pattern or design can be marked onto the fabric using chalk or pencil.

So you can sketch out the design that you want first using a removable media like chalk or pencil.

And that design can then be painted directly onto the fabric.

So first of all, we could mark out a design.

Like here, we've designed, marked out some striped details onto this pocket pouch.

Then they can be painted to create the effects that you want.

And small paint brushes are best for details, and larger brushes are good for filling in large areas of colour and Laura has found that out by having a go at this technique as well herself.

Quick check before we move on then.

Why do you need to protect your clothes when you're using fabric paints? Was it because they stain wood? Was it because they stain in paper? Or is it because they stain fabric? Pause the video and have a think.

Welcome back.

What did you think? Well done if you said it's because they stain fabric.

Fabric paints and pens are designed to colour and stain fabric.

Well done.

So time for a task in this second part of the lesson now.

So you are going to sketch a design to personalise your utility belt pocket.

And the top tip here is to remember to use quite simple lines and shapes that are easy to paint or sew.

So if you make it too detailed, it'll be very tricky to get that detail using the paint or the stitches later on.

When you've done that, you're going to choose a suitable technique, so that's the painting or the applique or the decorative stitching to apply your design to your pocket.

So if you're using embroidery, you need to think about which type of stitch you're going to use, if you are using applique, you need to think about whether you're going to glue or stitch those pieces into place.

And if you're using those fabric paints and pens, you need to think carefully about the design and the size of paintbrush that you're going to need to make that design accurate.

Pause the video while you do this and come back when you're done.

Welcome back.

How did you get on? Well, Laura here has had a go at personalising her pocket for her utility belt, and she chose a flower design for her pocket because it's going to be used for gardening.

So she's personalised the product for the use that it's going to have.

She sketched out the flower design that she wanted to use, and then she chose a suitable technique.

So she's telling us here that she used applique for the flower, and she attached those separate pieces, those shapes with a vertical stitch.

So she chose a technique that she wanted to use and applied that.

Hopefully, you managed to choose a design and a technique that suited your pocket design, and you have a lovely decorated pocket ready to use on your utility belt.

Well, we're almost at the end of today's lesson.

And we've had fun today developing and finishing our accessible textile products using different stitching and decorative techniques.

We've learned that stitching techniques can be developed through the primary phase and then can be used to apply extra decoration and detail to textile products later on.

We've learned that applique is a decorative technique that can be achieved by stitching items, patterns, shapes onto another design.

And we've learned that fabric pens or paints can add decorative and individual touches, but that they must be used with care.

Because remember, they stain and colour fabric.

That's the purpose of those types of products, so they can be difficult to remove from your clothing.

Thank you for joining me for today's lesson.

I hope you've enjoyed finishing and developing your accessible textile products.

I hope to see you again in another lesson.

Goodbye.